In recent two years, the impact of waste batteries on the environment has become one of the hot topics in domestic media. It is reported that batteries pollute the environment seriously, and one battery can pollute hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of water. Some people even say that treating waste batteries together with domestic garbage in Japan will cause Minamata disease and other hazards, and a section of No.5 waste batteries can turn a square kilometer of land into garbage. These reports have aroused great repercussions in the society, and many people and groups who love environmental protection have carried out or participated in the activities of recycling used batteries. However, relevant persons of the State Environmental Protection Administration believe that waste batteries do not need to be recycled centrally. Previous reports on the harm of waste batteries to the environment lacked scientific basis and misled the masses to some extent. So, how to deal with waste batteries is scientific? This paper briefly introduces this problem to help you understand the disposal of waste batteries more scientifically and protect our environment better.
Edit the pollutants in the waste battery in this paragraph.
Professor Nie Yongfeng, doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, led the research group to study the harm and treatment of waste batteries. He said that in recent years, there have been many reports about the harm of waste batteries to the environment, but unfortunately, these reports did not explain the scientific research content supporting their conclusions to readers or viewers, did not introduce their analysis and reasoning process to readers, and did not list the actual cases of pollution caused by dry batteries, only the conclusion of "serious pollution". What harmful substances are contained in waste batteries, and through what mechanism are these substances released into the environment, and how much damage will they cause to the environment? Are there any cases of serious pollution caused by waste dry batteries at home and abroad, and how do developed countries solve this problem? With questions, the research group conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation, and the conclusions reached were far from some news reports, unrealistic and extreme. Professor Nie said that battery products can be divided into three categories: primary dry batteries (ordinary dry batteries), secondary dry batteries (rechargeable batteries, mainly used in mobile phones and computers) and lead-acid batteries (mainly used in automobiles). Ordinary dry batteries are widely used, concerned by the masses and reported the most. The batteries mentioned below all refer to ordinary dry batteries. The battery mainly contains heavy metal elements such as iron, zinc and manganese, and also contains a trace of mercury, which is a toxic substance. It is reported that the battery contains mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic and other substances, which is inaccurate. In fact, ordinary dry batteries used by ordinary people do not need to be added with substances such as cadmium, lead and arsenic in the production process.
Mercury in waste batteries in this paragraph will not pose a threat to the environment.
Mercury has a low volatilization temperature and is a very toxic heavy metal. Soil in many places also contains trace amounts of mercury. In the process of mining, refining and processing mercury-containing products, if the sealing measures are not perfect, the mercury (vapor) released into the air will have a great impact on the health of operators. Although the battery contains mercury, it contains little because it is an additive. Even for high mercury batteries, the mercury content is generally less than one thousandth of the battery weight. The annual mercury consumption of battery industry in China is roughly equivalent to the mercury content in wastewater discharged by a mercury-based PVC, mercury-based gold smelting or high-mercury lead-zinc mining enterprise. Due to the large consumption area of batteries, the impact of mercury-containing waste batteries on the environment after entering the domestic waste treatment system is far less than the discharge of mercury-containing wastewater from a chemical enterprise mentioned above. In addition, the battery is covered by stainless steel or carbon steel, effectively preventing mercury leakage. Therefore, the waste batteries are scattered and discarded in domestic garbage, which is not harmful and objectively will not cause harm such as Minamata disease. The Minamata disease in Japan is caused by chemical enterprises discharging a large amount of mercury-containing wastewater into rivers for decades, and mercury gradually accumulates in downstream water systems.
Mercury-containing batteries are being replaced by mercury-free batteries.
Of course, waste batteries containing mercury have a negative impact on the environment (even slightly). Therefore, at the end of 1997, nine departments, including the State Economic and Trade Commission and China National Light Industry Federation, jointly issued the Regulations on Limiting the Mercury Content of Batteries, drawing on the experience of developed countries, requiring domestic battery manufacturers to gradually reduce the mercury content of batteries, so as to make the batteries sold in China reach a low mercury level in 2002 and a mercury-free level in 2006. Judging from the actual progress, the domestic battery manufacturing industry is gradually reducing the mercury content of batteries according to the requirements of laws and regulations. According to the data provided by China Battery Industry Association, the annual output of batteries in China is 654.38+0.8 billion, the export is about 654.38+0 billion, and the domestic annual consumption is about 8 billion, which has basically reached the low mercury standard (the mercury content is less than 0.025% of the battery weight). About 2 billion of them meet the mercury-free standard (the mercury content is less than 0.00 1% of the battery weight). Professor Nie finally stressed that so far, there are no reports and scientific research materials about serious pollution caused by waste batteries at home and abroad, and the statement that waste batteries pollute the environment really lacks scientific basis and misleads the masses.
Edit this paragraph. Improper centralized recycling of waste batteries will cause pollution.
Is it feasible to build a professional factory in China that can process waste batteries in batches, as some reports have called for? Peng Defu, an engineer in the Solid Division of the Pollution Control Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration, said that to build a waste battery recycling plant, it needs to invest more than RMB 10 million, and at least 4,000 tons of waste batteries must be recycled every year before the factory can operate. In fact, it is very difficult to recycle such a large number of waste batteries. Take the capital Beijing as an example. With vigorous publicity and encouragement, more than 200 tons were recovered in three years. In Hangzhou, a model city of environmental protection, the recovery rate of waste batteries is only 10%. It is understood that at present, two factories that can process and utilize waste batteries have been built in Switzerland and Japan, and now they are often shut down due to lack of food. This has to make us seriously consider investing in the construction of recycling plants. Peng Defu also said that another way to deal with these centralized storage waste batteries is to bury or store them centrally according to the treatment method of hazardous waste, but it takes three or four thousand yuan to treat one ton like this, and it faces the problem of no funds. It is understood that a small enterprise in Sichuan province, under the banner of "environmental protection", used primary school students to help them break the collected waste batteries with hammers on Saturday and Sunday, recycle valuable battery casings and sell them as scrap iron, and discard the residues at will. Waste batteries do not pose a threat to the environment. It is very important that the battery should be covered with stainless steel or carbon steel, which can effectively prevent mercury leakage. The stainless steel or carbon steel sheath outside the waste battery is broken, and the mercury inside is easy to seep out. In this way, the harmful substances in the battery pollute the environment and damage the health of primary school students. This is absolutely not allowed and must be strictly prohibited.
Edit the policies of developed countries in this paragraph.
Some developed countries abroad have made a series of active explorations in the recycling of used batteries and accumulated a lot of good experience. The United States, Japan, the European Union and other regions have not treated ordinary dry batteries used in people's daily life as hazardous waste, and there is no law to force ordinary dry batteries to be collected and treated separately. Battery (sub) industry associations in a few developed countries and individual cities have organized ordinary dry battery collection activities, but now there are few places to carry out such activities. Japan and Switzerland have 1 waste battery recycling plants, which used to mainly deal with ordinary mercury-containing waste batteries, but now they mainly deal with rechargeable batteries. Due to the small amount of waste batteries, part of the production capacity of the facility is idle. Germany put the collected waste batteries in abandoned mines.
Edit the battery management policies of developed countries in this paragraph.
In terms of battery management policies, the policies of developed countries can be summarized into two categories.
The first category: for ordinary dry batteries.
The government asked manufacturers to gradually reduce the mercury content in batteries, and finally banned the addition of mercury to batteries. This requirement is part of the elimination of all mercury-containing products and processes (such as using mercury as a catalyst), not just for the battery industry. Now, almost all developed countries prohibit adding mercury to batteries. For scrapped ordinary dry batteries, it is not mandatory to collect and treat them separately. The state neither encourages nor restricts cities or enterprises to collect and process (or use) voluntarily.
Category II: Used for rechargeable batteries.
Manufacturers are required to phase out cadmium-containing batteries through legislation. At present, Ni-MH batteries and lithium batteries are gradually replacing Ni-Cd batteries. Electronic manufacturers' associations in some countries have carried out the recycling of rechargeable batteries, and the effect is also remarkable. This is mainly because the total consumption of rechargeable batteries is relatively small (compared with ordinary dry batteries); The scope of application is small, and the old ones are easy to collect; The recycling value is high. This kind of waste battery is easier to collect.
New regulations on waste battery recycling management in Germany
According to environmental experts, in order to strengthen the management of waste battery recycling, Germany has implemented new regulations on waste battery recycling management. The regulation requires consumers to send all kinds of batteries, such as used dry batteries and button cell, to shops or waste recycling stations for recycling. Stores and waste recycling stations must unconditionally receive waste batteries and transport them to processing plants for recycling. At the same time, they also implement a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium batteries and mercury-containing batteries, that is, consumers have a certain deposit when purchasing each battery, and the deposit can be automatically deducted from the price when consumers exchange used batteries.
Waste battery treatment plant in Switzerland
In terms of the disposal of waste batteries, there are two factories in Switzerland specializing in the disposal and utilization of waste batteries. One factory uses the method of grinding old batteries and then sending them to the furnace for heating. At this point, the volatile mercury can be extracted. If the temperature is higher, zinc will evaporate, and manganese and iron will fuse into ferromanganese alloy needed for steelmaking. This factory can handle 2000 tons of waste batteries a year, and can obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc and 3 tons of mercury. Another factory directly extracts iron from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide as metal scrap. A "wet treatment" device has been built in the suburbs of magdeburg, in which all kinds of batteries except lead-acid batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resin. The raw materials obtained by this method are purer than those obtained by heat treatment, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the substances contained in the battery can be extracted, and the separation process can be omitted. The annual processing capacity of the device can reach 7500 tons.
Nomura seiko co., ltd.
Nomura Seiko Co., Ltd., built in the mountainous area of Hokkaido, Japan, mainly deals in waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps. They buy 13000 tons of waste batteries from all over the country every year, 93% of which are collected by non-governmental environmental protection organizations and 7% by various manufacturers. This business was carried out by 1985, and the purification volume has been increasing. In the past, mercury was mainly recycled, but at present, domestic batteries in Japan no longer contain mercury, mainly recycling metal raw materials such as iron shells of batteries, and developing and manufacturing secondary products, such as one of which can be used as a picture tube of a TV set.
Relevant policies of other countries
In addition, some countries have also formulated some relevant policies. For example, the waste batteries in the United States and Japan are recycled and handed over to enterprises for treatment, and the government gives certain subsidies for each ton of treatment; Korean battery manufacturers have to pay a certain margin for each ton produced, which will be used for the expenses of recyclers and processors, and designated special factories for processing. Other countries levy environmental taxes on battery manufacturers or reduce or exempt waste battery disposal enterprises.
Edit domestic policies and progress in this paragraph.
At the end of 1997, nine departments, including China National Light Industry Federation and State Economic and Trade Commission, jointly issued "Regulations on Limiting the Mercury Content of Batteries", drawing on the experience of developed countries, requiring domestic battery manufacturers to gradually reduce the mercury content of batteries, and the batteries sold in China should reach a low mercury level in 2002 and a mercury-free level in 2006. However, according to consumers, the mercury content of some fake and shoddy batteries in the market may not meet the low mercury standard. As for the total sales of fake and inferior batteries in the market, it is impossible to estimate.
Editing this paragraph to implement the "Regulations" is the central work for some time to come.
From the experience of other countries, the main measure to solve the pollution in the battery industry is to adjust the product structure and eliminate backward technologies and products, which is mandatory by the state. As for the collection, treatment or reuse of waste batteries, they are all carried out spontaneously by trade associations, cities or enterprises. Drawing lessons from the experience of other countries, combined with the domestic economic and technological level and the degree of market regulation, the author believes that we should scientifically understand the environmental impact of waste batteries and not exaggerate their harm. Relevant departments should focus on eliminating mercury-containing batteries. As for classified collection and treatment (or utilization), cities with conditions and enterprises with technical strength can operate on their own, and the state should not make mandatory requirements. The specific suggestions are summarized as follows:
1. Strengthen market spot checks and enforce the mercury ban.
The target steps of eliminating mercury-containing batteries have been made clear, and most enterprises have also implemented them according to national requirements. However, some enterprises lag behind the national requirements, and even a few enterprises use other brands to produce high-mercury batteries. Only by strengthening market spot checks and punishing enterprises that continue to sell and produce over-standard batteries can these illegal acts be stopped. It is suggested that the industrial and commercial and quality supervision departments with the function of market inspection and punishment go to the point of sale for sampling inspection. If the mercury content of batteries exceeds the standard, inferior batteries will be confiscated, fined and the responsibility of wholesalers and manufacturers will be investigated. Social forces should be mobilized to report the enterprises that produce and sell inferior batteries in the form of rewards and reports.
2. Carefully collect waste batteries.
As mentioned above, the mercury content in batteries is low (even batteries with high mercury content), and the consumer groups are scattered, so burying waste batteries together with domestic garbage will not cause too much pollution (due to the protective effect of battery shell and the dilution effect of a large amount of garbage). However, if a large number of waste batteries are concentrated in one place, coupled with poor treatment (such as peeling off the shell, recycling valuable parts, and discarding residues at will), mercury pollution may be caused in some areas. Therefore, when some units and individuals carry out collection activities, they should keep them properly and hand them over to units with storage and processing conditions. It is not appropriate to collect waste batteries on a large scale before qualified treatment or utilization facilities are available. For the waste batteries that have been collected at present, the municipal sanitation department will arrange centralized storage places in the city. After the qualified facilities are completed, they shall be treated or utilized.
3. Resource utilization
Although it is not necessary to collect dry batteries separately from the perspective of pollution control, some units hope to recycle metals such as zinc, manganese and iron from the perspective of resource conservation. Like other waste comprehensive utilization projects, the scrap metal recycling industry is greatly affected by the fluctuation of raw material market price and downstream demand, and the use of waste dry batteries may make ends meet in a certain period of time. Under the condition of market economy, it is not allowed to provide financial subsidies to enterprises that use waste batteries, but only the principle of voluntary participation of enterprises. If the enterprise has technical and management capabilities, or from the perspective of public welfare, it can carry out this business even if it is willing to lose money. The recycling facilities of mercury-containing batteries should be built in sparsely populated and environmentally insensitive areas (such as mercury mines), with advanced technical management and large scale, and should not be turned into simple workshop-style utilization factories. It should be noted that units engaged in the collection and utilization of waste batteries should also abide by laws and regulations on occupational disease prevention, environmental protection, land planning and so on. Except for tax reduction or exemption according to law, taxes shall be paid according to regulations. You can't break the law just because you save resources.
4。 Some suggestions on the disposal of waste batteries
In the field of waste battery treatment, with the continuous development of battery industry, different types and specifications of waste batteries need different treatment methods and technologies. So we put forward three suggestions: solidification and deep burial, old ore storage and recycling. The recycling of waste batteries is the focus of current industry management. Use the "three-oriented" principle to manage waste batteries, that is, adopt the guiding ideology of reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness to prevent and control waste battery pollution. To strengthen the construction of policies and regulations on the management of waste batteries, governments at all levels should take the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes as a guide, and formulate practical policies and regulations and practical implementation rules according to the present situation of the generation and management of waste batteries and the external environment of social and economic development. The national environmental protection administrative department shall promulgate basic policies and regulations as soon as possible to guide the management and disposal of waste batteries throughout the country. All provinces and cities should formulate corresponding local policies and regulations on the management and disposal of waste batteries in light of their specific development needs. Small towns can introduce necessary implementation rules according to local conditions to specifically implement the recycling of used batteries. There are few waste battery recycling bins, and public awareness is still weak. We hope that the government can make a lot of waste battery recycling boxes and hang them at the door of every unit, school, shopping mall and crowded places to create an atmosphere in which everyone is used to recycling waste batteries. The government sent a special person to collect used batteries. Publicize the dangers of used batteries to every citizen. Units and individuals that actively participate in the recycling of used dry batteries should be vigorously publicized and commended. So as to realize unified recycling and reduce urban pollution. China is a big country in battery production and consumption, and waste battery pollution has become a major environmental problem to be solved urgently. However, due to the low rate of return and long benefit cycle, it is difficult to attract investors, form industrial scale and generate benefits. In fact, the waste battery recycling industry is not unprofitable. Waste batteries contain a lot of recyclable heavy metals and acidic solutions. For example, the recycling of lead-acid batteries is mainly based on the recycling of waste lead, including the use of waste acid and plastic casings. At present, the metal recovery rate of used lead-acid batteries in China is about 80-85%. According to industry estimates, if 654.38+10,000 pieces of waste batteries are treated every day, the profit can reach about 20,000 yuan after removing various expenses. 7 billion batteries, 50% utilization rate, annual profit can reach more than 600 million yuan. It can be seen that the implementation of scale operation in this field can completely create benefits.
Edit the summary of waste battery recycling methods in this paragraph.
1. Waste nickel-hydrogen batteries
1. 1 Recovery of invalid positive alloy powder The shell of the failed MH/Ni battery was peeled off and the positive plate was separated from the battery core. The failed anode powder was obtained by physical methods such as ultrasonic vibration, and then the treated anode powder was obtained by chemical treatment. The anode powder is tabletted and melted repeatedly for 3-4 times in a non-consumable vacuum arc furnace. Remove the oxide layer on the surface of the ingot, crush it, mix it evenly, determine the percentage content of mixed rare earth, nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum by ICP method, supplement other necessary elements based on the nickel content according to the loss of hydrogen storage alloy elements, and then smelt it, and finally get the recovered alloy with excellent performance. 1.2 recovery of anode alloy of failed MH/Ni battery After chemical treatment, the oxide on the surface of the alloy was destroyed by the etching of the treatment solution, but the etching influence of other non-oxidized elements and conductive agents in the alloy was minimized. Using 0.5 mol L- 1 acetic acid solution, the failed alloy powder was treated at room temperature for 0.5h, then washed with distilled water and dried under vacuum. The results show that the main structure of AB5 hydrogen storage alloy has not changed, and it still belongs to CaCu5 hexagonal structure. However, Al(OH)3 and La(OH)3 impurities in the anode powder basically disappeared, indicating that the oxides on the surface of these oxides were almost completely dissolved after chemical treatment. The charge and discharge performance of the failed anode powder after chemical treatment was compared with the original alloy powder and the failed alloy powder without chemical treatment. The discharge specific capacity of the failed anode powder after chemical treatment is 23 mAh g-1higher than that of the failed anode powder without chemical treatment, which indicates that the effective components of hydrogen storage alloy in the failed anode powder after chemical treatment are increased because most surface oxides are removed. XPS results show that the concentration of nickel atoms on the surface of the anode powder is increased from 6.79% before chemical treatment to 9.30%, which shows that a nickel-rich layer with high electrocatalytic activity is formed on the alloy surface after chemical treatment, which not only improves the electrocatalytic activity of the hydrogen storage electrode, but also provides a diffusion path for hydrogen atoms, thus improving the discharge performance of the electrode. However, compared with the alloy powder originally used to make batteries, the failed cathode powder after chemical treatment still has a lower specific discharge capacity of 90 mAh g- 1. On the one hand, it may be because the oxidation of the alloy is not limited to the surface, but may also go deep into the alloy. Chemical treatment only removes the oxide on the surface, and the deep oxidation inside the particles is not completely removed. On the other hand, the specific surface area of the alloy may be increased due to pulverization, and the alloy is more likely to react with O2 and be corroded by electrolyte. Due to the interaction of * * *, the discharge performance of the alloy decreases. Therefore, chemical treatment alone cannot restore the function of the failed anode, and smelting treatment is needed. The chemically treated anode powder was first melted in a non-consumable electric arc furnace. After polishing the obtained alloy ingot and removing surface impurities, the content of each element was analyzed. The results show that the element content in the alloy deviates from the original alloy, and the nickel content is much higher than that in the original alloy powder. This is because nickel powder is added as a conductive agent in the process of making electrodes. In order to make effective use of it, based on it, the content of other elements is adjusted to meet the element proportion of MmNi3.5Co0.7Mn0.4Al0.3, and the second smelting is carried out. After melting, the obtained alloy ingot was crushed and ground, and its structure was measured. It was CaCu5 type and no other impurities were produced. By testing the charge and discharge performance of the recovered alloy powder, it can be seen that the discharge capacity of the recovered alloy powder is about 100 mAh g- 1 higher than that of the failed anode powder, which is basically the same as that of the original alloy powder, and the discharge platform voltage of the recovered alloy powder is about 20mV higher than that of the original alloy powder, which may be due to the improvement of the composition and microstructure of the alloy after repeated smelting in the recovery process.
2. Waste lithium-ion secondary batteries
Cobalt and lithium were recovered from waste lithium-ion secondary batteries by alkali dissolution → acid leaching →P204 extraction and purification →P507 extraction and separation of cobalt and lithium → back extraction and recovery of cobalt sulfate and precipitation of raffinate. The experimental results show that about 90% aluminum can be removed in advance by alkali solution, and the recovery rate of cobalt leaching by H2SO4+H2O2 system is over 99%. After extraction and purification of P204, the impurity content is aluminum 3.5mg/L, iron 0.5mg/L, zinc 0.6mg/L, manganese 2.3mg/L and calcium.
Edit the recycling and separation technology of waste batteries in this paragraph.
1, ups and large-capacity maintenance-free lead-acid battery regeneration protection supplementary solution 2, demineralized lead-acid battery 3, treatment method of metal-containing waste 4, method of removing and recovering mercury from waste batteries 5, method of recovering valuable metals from waste secondary batteries 6, method of recovering valuable substances from waste secondary batteries 7, method of extracting zinc and manganese dioxide from waste dry batteries 8, method of extracting zinc and manganese dioxide from waste dry batteries 2. Method for preparing nano-cobalt oxide from waste lithium-ion batteries 10, method for recovering negative electrode material from waste lithium-ion batteries 16, method for recovering metal from waste lithium-ion batteries 12, method for extracting manganese dioxide and zinc from waste zinc-manganese dry batteries 13, and method and equipment for obtaining rich substances from waste batteries/kloc. Method and equipment for separating batteries, button cell and metals from garbage 65433 Method for recovering metals from waste nickel-hydrogen batteries 2 17, battery crusher and its battery crushing method 18, secondary battery recycling method 19, waste battery treatment device 20, waste battery harmless biological pretreatment method 2 1, and comprehensive utilization of waste batteries 20. Waste dry battery recycling method 23, waste dry battery harmless recycling process 24, waste battery treatment method 25, waste battery harmless recycling process 2 6, waste battery recycling processor 27, waste battery recycling decomposition head waste battery recycling vacuum distillation device 29, waste battery lead recycling method 30, waste battery pyrolysis gasification incineration treatment equipment and its treatment method 3 1, zinc in comprehensive treatment of waste batteries, Manganese dioxide separation and purification method 32, waste battery comprehensive utilization treatment process 33, waste dry battery alkali leaching 34, waste dry battery recycling device 35, waste lithium ion battery recycling method 36, waste lithium ion secondary battery cathode material recycling method 37, waste mobile phone battery comprehensive recycling treatment process 38, waste battery green lead extraction method 39, waste battery lead clean recycling method 40, waste battery lead clean recycling technology 4 1, Production of recycled lead, red lead and lead nitrate from waste lead-acid batteries 42, lead recovery technology from waste lead-acid batteries 43, reduction and transformation method of sludge from waste lead-acid batteries 44, smelting and regeneration furnace for waste lead-acid batteries 45, continuous smelting of lead-containing materials from waste batteries 46, continuous smelting method of lead-containing materials from waste batteries 47, treatment and utilization of waste residue and liquid from cadmium-nickel batteries 48, comprehensive recovery method of waste batteries containing mercury 49, comprehensive recovery method of waste dry batteries containing mercury 50, Raw materials and recycling technology of chemical power battery 5 1, method and device for recovering cadmium by reduction distillation 52, method and device for recovering batteries, especially dry batteries 53, method and device for recovering partially sealed batteries 54, zinc powder for alkaline batteries 55, high specific energy mercury-free alloy zinc powder for alkaline batteries and its preparation method and device 56, mercury-free separator-free zinc powder for alkaline zinc-manganese batteries and its production method 57, Metal-air battery waste recovery device 58, dry battery recovery method 59, waste battery or mercury-containing sludge purification treatment composition and its treatment method 60, waste battery and heavy metal sorting robot 6 1 in garbage treatment plant, waste battery and heavy metal sorting device 62, recovery process of N- methylpyrrolidone in waste gas treatment of lithium battery industry 63, recovery method of anode waste and scrap of lithium ion secondary battery 64, Recovery method of anode waste of lithium ion secondary battery 65, preparation method of manganese-zinc ferrite particles and mixed carbonate of waste dry battery 66, production method of metal compound of waste zinc-manganese dry battery 67, comprehensive recovery method of nickel-cadmium waste battery 68, production method of cadmium oxide powder for nickel-cadmium battery 69, recovery method of anode and cathode residue of nickel-hydrogen secondary battery 70, recovery source and production method of lead-acid battery 7 1, Failure regeneration technology of lead-acid battery 72, removal method of sulfate radical of waste lead-acid battery plate 73, regeneration method of negative alloy powder of failed nickel-hydrogen secondary battery 74, technical method of calcining waste dry battery with cement clinker 75, rapid treatment process of electrolyte of zinc-manganese primary battery 76, the invention relates to a multifunctional agent for regeneration of waste battery plate and its treatment process 77, regeneration method of battery desulfurizer 78, electrolytic manganese dioxide doped with modified lithium-manganese battery 79, Method for recycling lead from waste batteries 80, method for recycling waste batteries 8 1, crushing device for waste dry batteries 82, pollution-free reverberatory furnace smelting method 83, pyrometallurgical refining method 84, regeneration method of battery desulfurizer 85, improved manganese dioxide for lithium batteries 86, method for producing sewage treatment agent from waste batteries 87, method for producing active lead powder from waste battery sludge 88, method for preparing manganese-zinc ferrite from waste alkaline manganese dioxide batteries 89, A method for preparing manganese-zinc ferrite from waste zinc-manganese batteries 90, a method for separating and recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries with an ion sieve 9 1, a device and method for recovering nickel and cadmium 92, a method for preparing ferrite from waste zinc-manganese batteries 93, a method for recovering lead from waste zinc-manganese batteries by electrolytic reduction in neutral medium 94, and recovering manganese sulfate, manganese dioxide, graphite, reusable graphite electrodes and special equipment thereof from waste zinc-manganese dry batteries.