[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the Black Dragon Club1901On February 23rd, Junshan and NeiTian Liang organized and established the Black Dragon Club in Tokyo on the basis of the former Yang Xuan Society, with the aim of seeking the Heilongjiang River Basin as Japanese territory, and the name came from Heilongjiang. Uchida was appointed as the first "backbone" and hired Toushan as a consultant to start Black Dragon magazine. The early goal was to go to war with Russia, occupy the three northeastern provinces of China and gradually control Mongolia and Siberia. Under this goal, the Black Dragon Society once cooperated with Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries in an attempt to overthrow the Qing government in China. 1905 On July 30th, under the mediation of the Black Dragon Club, various revolutionary organizations in China established the China League in Tokyo. After the Russo-Japanese War, the cooperation between the Black Dragon Society and the Japanese military became closer and closer, and it initiated or participated in the actions to suppress the rice riots and slaughter Korean nationals after the Great Kanto Earthquake. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, it was reorganized into the Great Japan Production Party, supported the military department and advocated war. 19 in the 34th year of the September 18th Incident, Ryuichi Uchida was forced to fade out of the Black Dragon Club, which was presided over by Tomuyama, because he was involved in the Showa Shenghui incident. It was defined as a far-right organization after World War II, but it was banned by the allied occupation authorities in September 1945. [Edit this paragraph] The historical background of the Black Dragon Club/kloc-Japanese society in the 9th century experienced great changes: the collision between capitalist economic form and feudal ruling form. After the Meiji Restoration, in the constant social, political and economic turmoil, some people whose interests were damaged began to look for other ways when economic and legal means could not achieve their goals-a modern Japanese gangster with the lower class samurai, bankrupt farmers and hooligans as the main body came into being. At first, there was the "Yang Xuan Club" headed by a samurai, and later there was the "Black Dragon Club" headed by Ryuichi Uchida (named after Heilongjiang, China), which was more systematic in organizational program than the early gang organizations. Japanese society is especially good at espionage and has a bad reputation in Yang Xuan. China and the Russian government have protested to the Japanese government about Yang Xuan's overseas activities, and declared that Yang Xuan's club is "unwelcome" in Japan. The "Black Dragon Club" is the brand "Yang Xuanhui" that started a new stove after it broke down. Founded in 190 1 1 to continue the cause of "Yang Xuan Society". Tou Shanman handed the responsibility of leading the "Black Dragon Club" to Uchida Ryohei, who was only 26 years old. Ryohei Uchida was born in Fukuoka on 1874. He comes from a samurai family, and his uncle is Gunn Kotaro, president of the Yang Xuan Association. Influenced by his family, Uchida Ryohei liked martial arts since childhood and often made friends with ronin. Young Uchida Ryohei has participated in various conspiracies of Yang Xuan society at home and abroad. [Edit this paragraph] Black Dragon Club Procedures The Japanese Black Dragon Club was established on February 3rd 190 1. Its purpose is: "To review the overall situation of East Asia and the bounden duty of the empire, in order to realize the prosperity of East Asia's economy and thwart the trend of western forces spreading to the East, the urgent task at present is to go to war with Russia first, repel it in East Asia, connect Manchuria, Mongolia and Siberia into one, and build the foundation for managing the mainland. The founder and leader of the Black Dragon Club is Uchida Ryohei. 1, carry forward the grand plan of the founding of the People's Republic of China, clarify the grand philosophy of oriental culture, promote the close exchanges between eastern and western civilizations, and make Japan a prosperous leader of Asian nations; 2. In the form of the rule of law, we should eliminate all kinds of disadvantages such as restricting people's freedom, lacking common sense of current affairs, hindering the efficiency of public and private affairs, drowning the original theme of constitutionalism, and give play to the wonderful essence of the emperor system; 3. Reform the current system, revitalize diplomacy, actively develop overseas, innovate internal affairs, increase people's welfare, establish social policies, and solve labor problems, so as to consolidate the foundation of an imperial country; 4. Realize the silence of soldiers, inspire the military power, and realize that all the people are soldiers, so as to enrich the national defense organs; 5. Follow the example of Europe and America to carry out the fundamental reform of modern education, establish the basic science of national education based on the national system, and make Yamato's morality and conscience develop upward. [Edit this paragraph] The Black Dragon Club and Sun Yat-sen can be seen from the purpose of the Black Dragon Club that it is a vicious aggression organization against China. Its goal is to repel the Russian troops that invaded the three northeastern provinces of China in the 1900 Boxer Movement, and then to annex the three northeastern provinces, Mongolia and Russia's Siberia. There is a famous Heilongjiang in this area, so it is named "Black Dragon Club". The Black Dragon Society played an important role in promoting the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War by advocating public opinion and privately lobbying senior military and political officials. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders finally invaded the northeast of China. It is worth mentioning that Ryuhei Uchida, the leader of the Black Dragon Club, founded the organization "God Blesss Summer" in 1894, and went deep into the East Korea School Rebels, which played a certain role in promoting the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894. It can be said that it was a deep-water bomb invaded by Japan. However, it was this evil organization that invaded China, the Black Dragon Club and its leader Uchida Ryohei, who established a very close cooperative relationship with the China Alliance and Sun Yat-sen. Tian Liang met Sun Yat-sen through Miyazaki in 1898, and went to Singapore in 1900 to help Sun Yat-sen organize the Huizhou Uprising in Guangdong. Sun Yat-sen went from Europe to Japan in July, 1905. On July 30th, the historic preparatory meeting for the establishment of the China League was held at Uchida Ryohei's home in Tokyo. At the meeting, Uchida Ryohei officially joined the China League, and soon afterwards, northern Ikki, a member of the Black Dragon Club, also joined the China League. Uchida Ryohei mentioned in "Asia in Japan" that Sun Yat-sen has lobbied Japanese people in the ruling and opposition circles since 1906 to establish a country south of the Great Wall after the China Revolution, and gave it to Japan in return for Japan's assistance to the China Revolution. 1965438+On the eve of the success of the North-South talks in early February 2002, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing negotiated with Japanese political veterans Noue Kaoru and Yamagata Aritomo, and Japan provided/kloc-0 to 20 million yen in aid to the revolutionary party in exchange for China ceding the three northeastern provinces to Japan in some form. Due to the success of the North-South talks in February 12, this intention was virtually dispelled. There is no doubt that Sun Yat-sen is a great patriot and the League is a great patriotic group. Then why did Sun Yat-sen and the Allied League form such a close relationship with some Japanese forces invading China? Some scholars strongly refute this point, but the Black Dragon Society is an open political group, named after Heilongjiang, and there are various public publications to publicize its aggressive thoughts. Uchida Ryohei spared no effort to publicize his aggressive thoughts through his works. It would be far-fetched to say that Sun Yat-sen and the League do not understand the aggressive stance of Ryohei Uchida and the Black Dragon Society. Since we know his position, but we are too close, we must reach a certain understanding on the basis and conditions of cooperation, which is in stark contrast to Kang Youwei's firm refusal to meet Sun Yat-sen at the same time. Then, in order to reach a cooperative understanding with the Black Dragon Club with the basic goal of annexing Manchuria and Mongolia, what other cooperation conditions are possible besides transferring Manchuria and Mongolia? In fact, although Sun Yat-sen and some revolutionaries are staunch patriots, they still have limitations in their ideological understanding, which provides an opportunity for Japanese forces to invade China. First, the narrow "nationalism" and the resulting revolutionary thought of establishing the Han State in 18 provinces prevailed among the revolutionaries, making Manchuria and Mongolia in a dispensable position. Its extreme performance is that "two nationalities can never coexist under the rule of one government", on the one hand, it is influenced by European nationalism, on the other hand, Manchuria is not a traditional inhabited area of Han nationality, perhaps because of the rapid rise of Japan as a single nation-state; Second, I don't know the national conditions of the large-scale spread of Han nationality in northern China in the Qing Dynasty, thus forming a vast ethnic mixed area, so I don't know the great disaster that the national and ethnic divisions may bring to people of all ethnic groups. Due to the huge population growth, the Han population in Zhili, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces migrated to the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places on a large scale in the Qing Dynasty, forming a vast ethnic mixed area. Most revolutionaries are southerners. Sun Yat-sen, who has been wandering overseas for a long time, is very familiar with the outward migration of the southern coastal population, but he is not clear about the major changes in the population distribution in the north, thus underestimating the possible consequences of the division of the country and the nation. Third, there may be the idea of sacrificing part for the overall benefit, which is somewhat similar to the expensive Brest Treaty signed by Lenin and Germany. [1][ Edit this paragraph] The main activity of the Black Dragon Club in China, the Japanese Black Dragon Club, was established on February 3rd, 190 1. Its purpose is: "to review the overall situation of East Asia and the imperial vocation, in order to realize the prosperity of East Asia economy and defeat the trend of westward spread, the urgent task at present is to start a war with Russia and repel Manchukuo and Manchuria in East Asia. (14) The founder and leader of the Black Dragon Club is Uchida Ryohei. As can be seen from the purpose of the Black Dragon Club, it is a vicious organization that invaded China. Its goal is to repel the Russian troops that invaded the three northeastern provinces of China in the 1900 Boxer Movement, and then annex the three northeastern provinces of Russia, Mongolia and Siberia. There is a famous Heilongjiang in this area, so it is named "Black Dragon Club". The Black Dragon Society played an important role in promoting the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War by advocating public opinion and privately lobbying senior military and political officials. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders finally invaded the northeast of China. It is worth mentioning that Ryuhei Uchida, the leader of the Black Dragon Club, founded the organization "God Blesss Summer" in 1894, and went deep into the East Korea School Rebels, which played a certain role in promoting the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894. It can be said that it was a deep-water bomb invaded by Japan. The Black Dragon Club and its leader, Uchida Ryohei, have established quite close cooperative relations with the League and Sun Yat-sen. Tian Liang met Sun Yat-sen through Miyazaki on 1898, and went to Singapore on 1900 to help Sun Yat-sen organize the Huizhou Uprising in Guangdong. Sun Yat-sen went from Europe to Japan in July, 1905. On July 30th, the historic preparatory meeting for the establishment of the China League was held at Uchida Ryohei's home in Tokyo. At the meeting, Uchida Ryohei officially joined the China League, and soon afterwards, northern Ikki, a member of the Black Dragon Club, also joined the China League. Uchida Ryohei mentioned in "Asia in Japan" that Sun Yat-sen has lobbied Japanese people in the ruling and opposition circles since 1906 to establish a country south of the Great Wall after the China Revolution, and gave it to Japan in return for Japan's assistance to the China Revolution. (15)1965438+On the eve of the success of the North-South peace talks in early February 2002, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing negotiated with Japanese political veterans Noue Kaoru and Yamagata Aritomo, and Japan provided assistance of10 to 20 million yen to the Revolutionary Party in exchange for China surrendering to Japan in some form to the three northeastern provinces. Due to the success of the North-South peace talks on February 12, this intention was virtually dispelled. In fact, it was almost impossible to realize this intention because of the great opposition at home and abroad at that time. However, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing did have this intention, which should be confirmed by Japanese scholar Fumio Kubota, Fujii Katsumi and China scholar Yu Xinggan. (16) Then why did Sun Yat-sen and the Allied League form such a close relationship with some Japanese invaders? Some scholars strongly refute this point, but the Black Dragon Society is an open political group, named after Heilongjiang, and there are various public publications to publicize its aggressive thoughts. Uchida Ryohei spared no effort to publicize his aggressive thoughts through his works. It would be far-fetched to say that Sun Yat-sen and the League do not understand the aggressive stance of Ryohei Uchida and the Black Dragon Society. Since we know his position, but we are too close, we must reach a certain understanding on the basis and conditions of cooperation, which is in stark contrast to Kang Youwei's firm refusal to meet Sun Yat-sen at the same time. Then, in order to reach a cooperative understanding with the Black Dragon Club with the basic goal of annexing Manchuria and Mongolia, what other cooperation conditions are possible besides transferring Manchuria and Mongolia? At that time, the danger of national and ethnic division was very urgent. Japan and Russia were sworn enemies in a large-scale invasion of Northeast China. However, once their sphere of influence was divided by the secret agreements of 1907 and 19 10, the two sides became close partners for the purpose of dividing the territory of China. Shortly after the Wuchang Uprising191110. Ichiro Beno, the Japanese ambassador to Russia, discussed with the Russian Prime Minister the partition of China's Manchuria and Mongolia. He said in the minutes of the conversation: "According to the two secret agreements of 1907 and 19 10, Japan and Russia have already foreseen the problem of the partition of Manchuria and Mongolia. As long as the time comes, the two countries can divide Manchuria according to the demarcation line stipulated in the 1907 agreement; And we can further discuss how to divide Mongolia. " (32) 10 year124 October, the Japanese cabinet meeting resolved: "Establish the position of the empire in Manchuria, so as to fundamentally solve the Manchu problem. To this end, the imperial government must always plan and spare no effort; Once you encounter an opportunity, you must make good use of it and take decisive measures to achieve the above goals. " (33) 10 On June 28th, Japanese Ambassador to China Ijiyuan Yanji sent a dense telegram to Foreign Minister Yasuhiko Uchida: "The imperial government needs to make a decisive decision and make up its mind ... It is beneficial for the empire to make use of this excellent opportunity to establish two independent countries in Central China and South China, so that the Manchu court will be partial to North China ... and to maintain the corner of the Manchu court in North China for a long time. (34)191265438+1October 13, Japanese ambassador to Russia Ichiro called Foreign Minister Yasuya Uchida: "On the issue of the current situation in the Qing Dynasty, the Russian Prime Minister's attitude was quite radical, and obviously he had a desire to negotiate with Japan and Russia and carve up Manchuria in one fell swoop." (35) It can be seen that Japan and Russia are very determined to fish in troubled waters. The longer the internal turmoil in China lasts, the greater the chance for them to realize their plot. Tatars have long been the collective name of ancient northern minorities, so the slogan of "expelling Tatars" has no less psychological influence on Mongolians than Manchu. Mongolian governors' doubts about Wu best reflect this skepticism: "Will the Republic of China only organize 18 provinces?" The Mongols who are full will hide back to the * * * organization? If gentlemen want to join the national organization, Manchu and Mongolians will hide back to the vast territory, accounting for more than half of the country. Its people's habit is that they only know that there is a monarch, but they don't know what * * * is, and they are more afraid of the sum of * * * of gentlemen and minority autocracy. ..... Even if you see it not far away, gentlemen still hold tribal ideas and ask me to go to Mongolia. It's a pity ... [Edit this paragraph] The earliest underworld figures in Japan in the 7th century originated from the 500,000 unemployed warriors created by the Tokugawa family after Japan's reunification. Some of these people changed careers, and some of them lived on the streets, becoming vagrants at home all over the world. Gangs gradually emerged from these people, and they monopolized their business by force. In the Tokugawa shogunate era, 1686, the Japanese government vigorously cracked down on the "All-God Society", the largest unemployed samurai organization at that time. The economic development after Japan's reunification has created a large number of bankrupt families. They work as construction workers in cities, form gangs with sumo wrestlers, junior policemen and street performers, and seek more profitable jobs. Some criminals and lower-class civilians have gradually joined in and strengthened their own strength. These people are called "chivalrous men". A large number of "messengers" are divided into gangs such as "street vendors" and "gamblers". Vendors' gangs are mainly people who can make money and do business, while gamblers' gangs survive by organized gambling. These early Japanese gangster organizations, with traditional gang forms and strict gang rules, have obvious differences between the old and the young, giving people the feeling that "thieves have their way". /kloc-Japanese society experienced great changes in the 0/9th century: the collision between capitalist economic form and feudal rule form. After the Meiji Restoration, some people were happy and others were worried. In the constant social, political and economic turmoil, when economic and legal means can't achieve their goals, some people whose interests are damaged begin to look for other ways-a modern Japanese gangster with the lower class samurai, bankrupt farmers and hooligans as the main body came into being. At first, there was the "Yang Xuan Club" headed by a samurai, and later there was the "Black Dragon Club" headed by Ryuichi Uchida (named after Heilongjiang, China), which was more systematic in organizational program than the early gang organizations. Japanese society is especially good at espionage and has a bad reputation in Yang Xuan. China and the Russian government have protested to the Japanese government about Yang Xuan's overseas activities, and declared that Yang Xuan's club is "unwelcome" in Japan. The "Black Dragon Club" is the brand "Yang Xuanhui" that started a new stove after it broke down. Founded in 190 1 1 to continue the cause of "Yang Xuan Society". Tou Shanman handed the responsibility of leading the "Black Dragon Club" to Uchida Ryohei, who was only 26 years old. Ryohei Uchida was born in Fukuoka on 1874. He comes from a samurai family, and his uncle is Gunn Kotaro, president of the Yang Xuan Association. Influenced by his family, Uchida Ryohei liked martial arts since childhood and often made friends with ronin. Young Uchida Ryohei has participated in various conspiracies of Yang Xuan society at home and abroad. 190 1, 1, Ryohei Uchida gathered dozens of key members of the Yang Xuan Society to their homes in Tokyo to discuss the immediate establishment of the "Black Dragon Club" (named after Heilongjiang, China), with the aim of Japanese fighting against Russia and serving China. In February of the same year, the Black Dragon Club was formally established in Tokyo. Its founding declaration declared: "At present, the most urgent task is to fight against Russia, repel the Russian empire, connect Manchuria, Mongolia and Siberia, and build the foundation for operating the mainland." The program of Black Dragon Club is also "ambitious": 1. Carry forward the grand plan of founding the country, clarify the grand philosophy of oriental culture, promote the close exchanges between eastern and western civilizations, and make Japan a prosperous leader of the Asian nation; 2. In the form of the rule of law, we should eliminate all kinds of disadvantages such as restricting people's freedom, lacking common sense of current affairs, hindering the efficiency of public and private affairs, drowning the original theme of constitutionalism, and give play to the wonderful essence of the emperor system; 3. Reform the current system, revitalize diplomacy, actively develop overseas, innovate internal affairs, increase people's welfare, establish social policies, and solve labor problems, so as to consolidate the foundation of an imperial country; 4. Realize the silence of soldiers, inspire the military power, and realize that all the people are soldiers, so as to enrich the national defense organs; 5. Follow the example of Europe and America to carry out the fundamental reform of modern education, establish the basic science of national education based on the national system, and make Yamato's morality and conscience develop upward. "Uchida Ryohei was elected as the leader of the Black Dragon Club, while Toushanman stepped aside and retired as a consultant. In September of the same year, Ryuichi Uchida established a small organization-"Japan-Russia Association", while Tomiyama established the "Foreign Hard Comrades Association" in 1903, all of which were mafia organizations clamoring for foreign aggression, especially the war against Russia. NeiTian Liang became the leader of the Black Dragon Club, but he felt that he was too young and the foundation was not very strong. Although he performed well some time ago, his authoritative position is not very stable, and Toushanman's status and influence far exceed his own. Young Uchida Ryohei is determined to be the "soul" of the real Black Dragon Club. His potential provides him with this possibility. He is brave and good at fighting, and has a high cultural accomplishment. He is both civil and military, unlike Toushan people who mainly appear in the underworld as social activists. In order to prove his outstanding talent, Uchida Ryohei wrote a lot of articles about the world situation and Japanese strategy at that time. He has written many articles, such as On Russia's National subjugation, On the Relationship between Russia's and Japan's Strength and Peace War, The Great Defect of Russia, etc. He has also written many articles about the theories and policies of Japanese underworld, which is rigorous and thorough, and looks like a political critic. Not only the members of the Black Dragon Club are amazed, but ordinary people or government officials also think that Uchida Ryohei is really a rare "wizard". Faced with such an outstanding leader, the whole Japanese underworld figures are in awe. Since then, Uchida Ryohei has firmly established his position in the Black Dragon Club and even the whole Japanese underworld. However, Uchida is not satisfied with this. He feels that underworld organizations belong to the lower class after all, and to some extent "can't enter the stream", but they still have to play a role in Japanese political and military circles. Soon, Uchida Ryohei really showed his strength. 1902, the Japanese navy and army provinces have different opinions on who will be the Japanese military attache in Russia. Naval province advocates sending Akashi Genjiro (who has a deep relationship with Uchida Ryohei), while Army province has another candidate, and the two factions are deadlocked. After the news came out, Uchida Ryohei immediately asked for the appointment of Akashi Genjiro as the leader of the Black Dragon Club. The war fanatics in the military province were not idle, and at first they didn't buy Uchida's proposal. Uchida said calmly: "If the military province doesn't listen to my advice, the Black Dragon Society will no longer cooperate with the military province and provide information to the military province. "That's amazing. Everyone knows the "ability" of the Black Dragon Club and the Yang Xuan Association in espionage. As a result, the military province finally compromised. Enjiro Akashi was very happy and paid a special visit to Uchida Ryohei to show his thanks. Uchida Ryohei suggested that he make friends with Russia in Moscow and Petrograd, especially taking advantage of the current unstable political situation and unstable people's hearts in Russia, get to know the political forces in Russia that oppose the Tsar and support them with weapons and funds. Then get Russian political and military information from them. After Genjiro arrived in Russia in Ming Dynasty, he acted according to the plan and got a lot of valuable information. Uchida Ryohei's work has won the appreciation of senior Japanese military officials. In preparation for the war against Russia, the Black Dragon Club also funded the establishment of four specialized schools to teach students Russian, Chinese, Korean, espionage, international relations and other courses, so as to cultivate talents urgently needed in wartime. Uchida Ryohei also personally participated in the drawing of "The Whole Map of Russian Operations in the East", which provided accurate topographic information for the Japanese army to fight against the Russian army. At this time, the confrontation between Japan and Russia in the northeast of China is about to break out, but Toushanman and Uchida Ryohei feel that the Japanese cabinet's policy toward Russia is not tough enough, so they took a few thugs to visit Prime Minister Keitaro and Foreign Minister Ito Bowen, threatening them to try their best to promote the war against Russia. At first, Keitaro and Ito Bowen tried to perfunctory, but Tou Shanman just smiled meaningfully at his thugs. The mob understood, stared at Keitaro coldly, and threatened to beat anyone who didn't listen. Iranian Bowen and Kaitaro knew that the Black Dragon Club was not to be taunted and immediately accepted their opinions. Uchida Ryohei, who knows the inside story of the Russian army, thinks that Japan may not be sure to win the positional war with the Russian army with excellent weapons and equipment, and it must find another way to win by surprise. Therefore, under the introduction of Kotaro Hiraoka, he met Kodama Gentaro, the second chief of staff of the Japanese army, and asked to allow his members of the Black Dragon Club to work for the "Imperial Army" in northeast China. He also suggested to Kodama Gentaro to use the Russo-Japanese War to occupy the whole of kamchatka peninsula and control Northeast Asia. Deeply moved by Uchida's advice and resourcefulness, Kodama Gentaro immediately called Shaozuo, a soldier of the chiefs, to make plans with Uchida, and Inoue agreed to provide funds and weapons. Attachment: The famous screenwriter Dou Liang also mentioned the Black Dragon Club and Yang Xuanhui in his newly published novel The Wolf Smoke in Beiping, and made a detailed introduction to the Black Dragon Club. In the novel, the dog of Yang Pingzhai, a member of the Black Dragon Club, is not testable and should be invented by the author.