Many uprisings depended on the strength of Hong Men >: 19. At the beginning of the 20th century, although people were increasingly dissatisfied with the rule of the Qing Dynasty, when the revolution was advocated everywhere, all kinds of anti-Qing activities were mostly the actions of Hong Men and other party organizations. Therefore, he started his revolutionary activities from the United Party. From 65438 to 0886, when I was studying medicine in Ji Bo Hospital, I met Zheng Shiliang, a native of China, Hong Men. 1June, 894, Zhongshan wrote to Li Hongzhang and put forward reform suggestions. However, Li Hongzhang, who knows the world well, rejected this young man with a little scholar spirit. Disappointed, 28-year-old Sun Yat-sen decided to carry out a revolution, and went to Honolulu that autumn to set up the Zhong Xing Association. At the meeting, all the participants raised their right hands and swore to heaven: "expel the Tatars, restore China and establish a United front. If you have a second thought, God will be wise. " "The earliest members of Deng and Yang are also Hong Men disciples. & gt Hong Men originated in the late Ming Dynasty, and there are different opinions about its origin. Generally speaking, Shi Kefa, a scholar, belongs to Zheng Chenggong, and is called the Heaven-Earth Society, with the purpose of fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight. Later, with the powerful influence of the Qing court, Hong Men gradually turned into an underground organization and spread overseas. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising, many Hong Men disciples took part. After the failure of the uprising, many people went overseas, which contributed to the establishment of the American Zhi Gong Yuan. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Hong Men was extremely powerful. Triads, Knife Clubs and Zhi Gong Tang are all branches of Hong Men, collectively known as social organizations. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said that nine times out of ten Cantonese people joined the Hong Men Association in the late Qing Dynasty. The influence of overseas Hong Men is even stronger. It is said that there are more than ten thousand British overseas Chinese in name only 10. & gt It was with the help of these friends who joined the Party that Sun Yat-sen's organization was established and developed rapidly. 1In February, 895, Sun Yat-sen, Zheng Shiliang and others set up the headquarters of the Association in Hong Kong. Among its members, social members account for one third. Mr. Ma Chaojun, who joined the revolution with Dr. Sun Yat-sen in his early years, once said: "Our founding father founded the Zhong Xing Association because of the support of Hong Men's predecessors in Honolulu. & gt& gt "Four Generals" and Guan, from left, Sun Yat-sen, Guan and You Lie were all friends of Sun Yat-sen when he was young. At that time, everyone took anti-Qing as their ambition and called the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom bandits, so the four of them called themselves "four generals" > 1899 10. The leaders of the society, the Ge Lao society and the underworld met in Hong Kong and decided to organize the prosperity and elected Sun Yat-sen as the president. 1900, Sun Yat-sen launched an uprising in Huizhou, and the triad leader Huang Fu played the most important role in the military. Under his call, the rebels assembled 600 triad members, occupied Sanzhoutian and attacked Shawan on the night of August 15. There were 20,000 people at the peak of the uprising. However, due to lack of bullets, the rebels were disbanded. & gt In order to contact Hong Men more effectively, Sun Yat-sen entered the DPRK in Honolulu on June 1904 1 and was accepted as a "red stick". Then he went to America and was warmly received by Huang Sande, the leader of the court. Accompanied by Huang Sande, Sun Yat-sen went to various cities to carry out revolutionary propaganda for the congregation at the Red Gate. At the same time, it also re-established the articles of association for the court, thus bringing the American Hong Men organization to the banner of revolution. & gt China's social organizations are also the objects of Sun Yat-sen's active contact. From 65438 to 0899, Dr. Sun Yat-sen sent Bi Yongnian to Heping Mountain to connect with Hunan and Hubei society. At the same time, he instructed Zheng Shiliang, Chen Shaobai and other organizations to set up party liaison offices in Hong Kong, and suggested that triads, societies and Zhong Xing associations in Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong should be united. & gt& gt In the same year, more than a dozen famous leaders of the Hunan-Hubei Love Society arrived in Hong Kong successively, and * * * agreed to set up the Xinghuan Society, unified the three provincial capital parties, and decided to elect Sun Yat-sen as its president. Since then, Huang Xing has contacted the society, the underworld, green gang and the Hong Gang. Establish Huaxing Society; Tao contacted the party leaders in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Anhui, and established Longhua Club in Hangzhou. & gt Sun Yat-sen also asked Feng Ziyou to organize a triad society in Japan. Qiu Jin belongs to the underworld, and his position is "white fan" (both red stick and white fan are Hong Men posts, and red stick is higher than white fan, editor's note). The initiation ceremony is the same as Hong Men's, holding a knife and strangling, drinking chicken blood, crossing the brazier and so on. From then on, Sun Yat-sen mobilized Hong Men disciples more effectively, and then launched eight uprisings in succession, among which Hong Men disciples were the main force. The sacrifices of Qiu Jin and Xu Xilin, Wang Ching-wei's return to China to assassinate the Regent and other events were directly or indirectly caused by these eight uprisings, but they all ended in failure. & gt Of course, the complexity of the members also affected the outcome of the armed uprising. For example, during the Guang 'an Uprising in 1909, Yu Ying, the giant of Sichuan Gerontology Society who initiated and led the uprising, was surrounded by a group of gangsters in the teahouse, shouting, "Tell us to do things and promise to pay 400 pence a day, but we won't give it. What's the trick? " "So that the news leaked and the uprising failed. & gt1911May, when Sun Yat-sen visited the United States for the third time, he made a decision to merge the Zhi Gong Dang with the League, requiring all members of the Zhi Gong Dang who did not participate in the League to join the League, and all members of the League should join the Hong Men Zhi Gong Dang. Later, Sun Yat-sen proposed to organize the Hong Men Salary Raising Bureau to raise wages for the domestic armed uprising. Through the efforts of Zhi Gong Dang and Hong Men Organizing Committee, 144 130 yuan was raised among overseas Chinese in just a few months. At the same time, overseas, "donors are extremely enthusiastic", and Victoria, Canada, filed a lawsuit, mortgaged public property and borrowed money for a raise. As soon as the news came out, all localities followed suit ... > Sun Yat-sen's overseas community "generously supported the revolution"; The social parties he contacted in China took the lead in the armed uprising and contributed to the success of the Revolution of 1911. & gt From Alliance to Opposition > 19 1 1 The success of the revolution in made great contributions to Communist party member. However, President Sun Yat-sen, a native of Hong Men, flatly rejected Hong Men's request of "changing religion to the Party". & gt191265438+10, just as Sun Yat-sen took office as interim president, he received warm congratulatory messages from overseas Chinese, expressing his support and joy for the establishment of the new regime. Among them, the most active is probably the overseas Hong Men organization. & gt At that time, the Victorian Emperor of Canada first expressed their support for the revolution as always in a telegram: "My colleagues are willing to sacrifice public property for the use of the army and the Republic of China, asking the President to make an early northern expedition and take Youyan directly. But the core content of this letter is: request to file a case for Hong Men and return to China to participate in politics legally. & gt In Changsha, after the uprising was successful, the Hui brothers lived a happy and arbitrary life. "People coming in and out of the governor's residence are busy and bustling." They eat "pot rice" together, and they all ask for proper placement, so that Governor Jiao Dafeng is too busy to see them and has no time to deal with official business. The affiliated parties in the south of Hengyang are also in high spirits and making great strides. Some brothers affiliated with the party thought with great joy: "Brother Jiao became the commander-in-chief, and today is our Hong family's world. & gt& gt Not only in Hunan, guilds in some places also openly occupy private houses and offices to set up offices (guilds' offices), and some simply put up public signs such as "Han Palace", "Continental Palace" and "Guanghan Palace" in front of military offices. In Shaanxi, almost all important positions are in the hands of illiterate gerontologists. In Guizhou, the Communist party member entered various departments of the army, but in Sichuan, the buddies who have been secretly active suddenly became aboveboard, and they made the members of society completely open, and the citizens also rushed to "join the Paoge". & gt 19 12 In March, Huang Sande met with Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou and talked about filing a case with the court. Sun Yat-sen readily agreed, but asked Huang San to submit Hu's approval, because Sun Yat-sen had stepped down as interim president and Hu was responsible for receiving the salary raised at that time. At this time, Hu was already the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Huang Sande soon handed over the submission to the Governor's Office. However, in the past month, it has been "silent". & gt Huang Sande may not know it yet. Two months after Sun Yat-sen returned to China, he changed his previous attitude. 1912 65438+129 October, he said in a telegram to Ma Yubao in Jiangxi and all walks of life in Nanchang: I heard that things that disturb the place in the provincial capital (club) happen from time to time. If the ban is not strictly enforced, it will not only violate the purpose of building a harmonious country, but also affect the future. & gt For a time, suppressing social gatherings became a national trend. At the same time, newspapers all over the country, without exception, expressed their contempt and hostility to social parties, criticizing and condemning their harm to society. & gt Soon, Sun Yat-sen left Guangdong for the north. But in Guangzhou, Huang Sande is still working hard for the Hong Men case. Sun Yat-sen pretended to be a snake, but Hu ignored it. On one occasion, when Huang Sande met Hu, he said, "Red people have to be meritorious in helping the revolution. Now, he just filed a case for criticism, so what conscience does he have? " If Hong Men is not allowed to file a case, the revolutionary salary donated by Hong Men people will be repaid, and the mortgage industry sold by Hong Men in various ports will be redeemed one by one to help the revolution. Hearing this, Hu put the blame on Sun Yat-sen ... > The revolutionary party believes that Hong Men has always aimed at restoring the rule of the Han nationality. Now that the goal has been achieved and the historical mission has been completed, there is no need to file a case in China. In the eyes of most revolutionaries, it was only a stopgap measure to contact the Socialist Party at the beginning, so after the success of the revolution, their attitude took a sharp turn for the worse. & gt Of course, there are also some revolutionaries who have a deep relationship with communist party and have seriously thought about how to deal with communist party. For example, Tan Renfeng has made some plans to transform communist party, and formulated a series of specific measures to educate party member, vocational training and set up social and people's livelihood undertakings to resettle unemployed party member, hoping to implement them first in Hunan. However, a sign of a preparatory meeting was posted on the street, and the revolutionary Liu hired a farmer to be intimidated and threw a bomb. Then the constitutionalists and the right-leaning gentry made a big noise and said, "The bandits are going to the city!" "Ready to clean up the countryside on a large scale, the massacre. Tan Renfeng had to give up. & gt against this background, on July 19 12 and 1 day, in Shanghai, the "China * * * Progress Association" was jointly established by three gangs, namely, Hong Gang, green gang and Gelaohui, and Ying Kui became the president. At the inaugural meeting, Zhang Yaoqing, a famous leader of the Society for the Aged, said: "Today, three schools have merged into one, forming a big group." "I deeply hope that our compatriots will repent and turn over a new leaf, follow good advice, abide by the law together and enjoy freedom together." However, the surrounding congregation has not stopped disturbing social order, so the voice of public condemnation and condemnation has never stopped. & gt& gt After the success of the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen led a new official to pay homage to the Ming Tombs to show that the anti-Qing Dynasty had been completed >: June 5438+that year1October, Zhejiang and Jiangsu successively ordered the dissolution of * * * and joined the club. Soon, due to the involvement of Ying Kuicheng, the president of * * *, the image of * * * was completely destroyed, and an attempt to change from the old party to the new party ended in failure. & gt1965438+In August 2002, Sun Yat-sen became the Prime Minister of China Railway Corporation. Soon, Huang Sande came to Shanghai to see Sun Yat-sen and told him that Hu refused to approve Hong Men's filing. Sun Yat-sen "has the right to reply, no real words". In fact, Huang Sande understood at this time: "They deliberately oppressed Hong Men and refused to formally file a case. In order to form a political party for themselves, they want to destroy Hong Men and absorb Hong Men, and they don't want Hong Men to become a force again. " Helpless, Huang Sande decided to go back to the United States and asked him to raise the boat fare on his behalf. "Sun Wen refused." & gt After returning to the United States, Huang Sande received a letter from Sun Yat-sen again. At that time, after the failure of the Second Revolution, * * * was dissolved by Yuan Shikai, and Sun Yat-sen fled to Japan, ready to form the China Revolutionary Party, mobilize everyone in Hong Men to join, change the court to the China Revolutionary Party, print leaflets and distribute them all over Canada and the United States, and then prepare to start raising funds from Hong Men for the third revolution. & gt At that time, someone in Hong Men wrote in a reply to Sun Yat-sen: "When Mr. Wang was in decline, he took refuge in Hong Men. When he was in prosperity, he despised Hong Men and avoided it. Today, I am at its peak and declining, and I want to be close to Hong Men. Have a rest, sir. " Hong Men has always been disgusted with Sun Yat-sen and raised his salary for the third time, but it didn't work. & gt 19 18, when Dr. Sun Yat-sen was living in Shanghai, Peking University principals Cai Yuanpei and Zhang Zeng visited Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and they planned to write a book called Preface to National History, from the secret meeting of the Qing Dynasty to the temporary cancellation of Nanjing, asking for Sun Yat-sen's opinions. & gt Sun Yat-sen said in his reply: Modern secret societies all originated from the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, and their main purpose was to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain the sight ... This has little to do with theories such as * * * and principles and civil rights, so we should compile a history of secret societies, not a history of people's "miscellaneous toilets". & gt Sun Yat-sen worships Ming Tomb > Although Sun Yat-sen used Hong Men's strength many times in the revolutionary process, his backbone and political program are completely modern and democratic, and even his military theory is modern. Because in the process of armed uprising, it is necessary to use Hong Men, and it is inevitable to be branded as Hong Men. For example, during the Huizhou Uprising in 1900, the rebels "told the residents not to close the house when they wanted to stay in the camp, and to light a lamp in front of the door as a sign to restore their eyesight". 1907 During the Huanggang Uprising in Chaozhou, when the Hui people occupied Huanggang and established an army, they marked "Sun Yat-sen's grandson", which shows that the slogan of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight" appeared many times in the uprising led by Sun Yat-sen.