Regional space comprehensive space complex needed for spiritual and cultural activities. National scenic spots originated from ancient famous mountains and rivers and are in line with modern international standards.
Park integration, its value reaches the world-class natural and cultural heritage, and reaches the national level as a national heritage.
Whether it is the world famous mountains in the era of agricultural civilization, the national parks in the era of industrial civilization, or the natural and cultural heritage in the era of ecological civilization, it is full.
It meets the needs of human beings for natural spiritual and cultural activities at different stages of development, and is a place for people to communicate with nature. The Complex Spirit of Man and Nature
Contact is also one of the marks that distinguish it from other higher animals.
1, the significance of the connection between man and nature.
In order to meet the needs of people's material production and life, the development, construction and acquisition of nature belong to material relations. Man and himself
Natural spiritual connection refers to people's understanding, spiritual sustenance and law exploration of natural phenomena, which mainly includes worship, sacrifice, appreciation, praise,
Exploration, research, experience and other forms of expression. With the progress of science and technology, the improvement of material production and production level is also counterproductive.
Material connection.
This spiritual connection between man and nature varies from the mixed action of the same natural object (material production and mental activity) to different natural objects.
Functional differentiation or the characteristics and development of spiritual and cultural activities can be roughly divided into four eras: (1) fishing and hunting era-the relationship between nature worship.
In the era of fishing and hunting, productivity was extremely low. People rely on fishing and hunting for survival and development, and have a strong dependence on nature.
We don't know anything about the relationship between them, and we can only survive and develop by God-given opportunities and human luck. Therefore, people's understanding of various images of nature does not exist.
Superstition and worship, and the spiritual connection between man and nature are universal nature worship.
Department.
C) the era of agricultural civilization-emotional relationship
China's "famous mountains" are the product of the agricultural civilization era. In the agricultural era of "depending on the weather", the material relationship between man and nature is taking and planting.
Planting and breeding depend on nature to a great extent, producing feelings of awe, worship, prayer and affinity. This relationship has been popular since ancient times.
The worship of nature has risen to choose famous mountains and rivers as the prototype and representative of nature, and carry out various spiritual and cultural activities reflecting the relationship between man and nature. Tianxia mingshan
Separated from natural mountains as the object of ordinary material production and economic development, it is specially used as a resort for people's anti-natural spiritual and cultural activities, and is subject to
For protection. During thousands of years of agricultural civilization in China, the famous mountains have accumulated profound spiritual culture of mountains and rivers and developed various functions, the main functions of which are as follows.
According to written records, as early as the pre-Qin era, it was formed that "the son of heaven offered sacrifices to the famous mountains and rivers in the world, and the princes offered sacrifices to the famous mountains and rivers in his territory."
"Sacrifice etiquette, pray for good weather, peace and prosperity. The highest form of sacrifice is Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains, which has accumulated for more than two thousand years.
The unique culture of emperor meditation and sacrifice in the world.
(2) Sightseeing and Aesthetics "Confucius climbed Mount Dongshan and Mount Tai, but the world is small", which may be that celebrities climbed Mount Yi (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province) and Mount Tai.
The earliest record of aesthetic activities in mountain tourism. Confucius's "benevolent Leshan, wise men enjoy water" makes the benevolent wise men understand the landscape "nurturing everything" from different angles.
, take advantage of the quartet ",so that" the world is peaceful "character. It reflects the spiritual relationship between literati and natural landscape in the era of agricultural civilization. This view of mountains and rivers is better than morality.
Reading has a far-reaching influence on the landscape aesthetics of later generations. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has become a fashion to travel around mountains and waters.
Important function.
(3) Religious culture and active religious culture have had a profound and lasting impact on the construction and development of famous mountains, and religious activities have gradually become the focus of famous mountains.
One of the main functions. Taoism, founded at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, takes "advocating and returning to nature" as its main purpose, and the famous mountains are their principle of collecting medicine to make an alchemist and become immortal.
Think about this place. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism prevailed all over the country, forming a famous Taoist mountain system with 10 holes, 36 holes and 72 blessed places. Including
30 places have now become national-level scenic spots, and 3 places have been included in the World Heritage List. After Buddhism was introduced into China, it was influenced by Taoism and Confucianism, so
name
The mountains become attached to each other, forming a situation of "many famous mountains and monks in the world". The four famous Buddhist mountains have all become national-level scenic spots, and there are also four Buddhist cultures.
lose
Production has been included in the World Heritage List.
④ Creative experience and creative experience of learning from natural landscape culture are unique advanced functions of China scenic spots. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, famous mountains were famous.
Sichuan has not only become an aesthetic object, but also created the experience function of landscape culture creation. Many literati go deep into famous mountains, send their feelings to mountains and rivers, write poems and paint.
For example, Xie Lingyun traveled all over the country, wrote lyric poems and became a master of China's landscape poems. The creation of landscape poems reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties, "a good fame and fortune in one's life."
Li Bai, who travels around the mountains and waters, deeply feels the relationship between famous mountains and creation and draws the conclusion that "famous mountains flourish". Poetry and painting come down in one continuous line, and the school of landscape painting was also formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
It's over. For example, Zong Bing, a master of landscape painting, said, "I have been drinking in the valley for more than 30 years, but I don't know that the old times are coming.". Whenever you come back from a tour, you will "think about it in your room."
, lying and swimming. "Since then, there have been many talented landscape painters who have gone deep into famous mountains and rivers and learned from nature. Just like Shi Tao, a monk painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, was destroyed by Huang.
He was attracted by the natural beauty of Huangshan Mountain, and stayed in Huangshan Mountain for a long time to "search for strange peaks to make manuscripts" and became one of the founders of Huangshan Painting School. In addition to poetry and painting, landscape travel notes,
Prose, landscape gardens, landscape bonsai and so on all originated from famous mountains and rivers. According to statistics, among the nearly 50,000 Tang poems searched electronically, there is a clear understanding of wind, mountains,
water
Poems with natural landscape elements such as woods, rocks and clouds account for 4 1.49%, 37.46%, 27.62%, 15.23%,1.52% and1/respectively.
%。 Visible natural landscape in the poet's mind.
⑤ Wandering around famous mountains and rivers —— Exploring the nature of landscape science not only gives people inspiration and emotion, but also gives people rational enlightenment. Song dynasty erudition
When I was playing in Shenkuo Yandang Mountain, I was deeply inspired by the strange caves of Qifeng and made a scientific explanation for the erosion of flowing water. Xu Xiake, a Ming Dynasty traveler, was curious all his life.
The world is famous for its mountains and rivers, and it is "seeking beauty with the spirit and seeking truth with the life", which not only appreciates the beauty of mountains and rivers, but also explores its causes. He is not only a traveler, but also a literature.
Economists, geographers and famous pioneers of mountain landscape science. As Dr Joseph Needham, a British historian of science and technology, commented on Xu Xiake, "His
Travel notes don't read like things written by scholars in the17th century, but like investigation diaries written by field investigators in the 20th century. Visible, China famous mountains.
As early as the Song and Ming Dynasties, it gave birth to the function of scientific research.
⑥ Hidden Reading Famous Mountain China Since ancient times, there have been many famous scholars who lived in seclusion in famous mountains and rivers, such as Zhuangzi, Ji Kang, Tao Yuanming and Chen.
Dragons, etc. They advocate nature and stay away from the hubbub; Do not seek fame and fortune, live in seclusion between mountains and rivers; Read and write, cultivate sentiment; Cultivate integrity and integrity
Carry forward national integrity, leaving behind many spiritual cultures that represent the Chinese nation and live forever.
Famous mountains are not only places for cultivating talents, but also places for academic exchanges. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially in the Song Dynasty, many famous mountains and scenic spots have been established one after another.
College. For example, Bailudong Academy in Lushan Mountain, Ziyang Academy in Wuyishan Mountain and Songyang Academy in Songshan Mountain. There are more than a dozen academies in some famous mountains, which are also agriculture.
Famous mountain phenomenon peculiar to China in civilized times.
The functional development of world famous mountains in the era of agricultural civilization in China fully embodies the continuous development and deepening of the spiritual connection between man and nature. For thousands of years.
Some functions have disappeared, such as studying in seclusion, and some functions have developed, such as sightseeing aesthetics and exploring laws, which are all based on emotions.
On spiritual and cultural functions.
(3) the era of industrial civilization-rational relationship
With the improvement of productivity and economic development, science and technology have opened a new era of industrial civilization. The dependence of human beings on nature is relatively weakened, and so is it.
At that time, predatory development and destruction of nature became more and more serious. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, when the United States was developing the western region, it asked Congress to protect the enclosure.
Let generations of Americans enjoy this beautiful nature. The first country in the world was born in the United States in 1872, which was adopted by the National Assembly and signed by the President.
Park-Yellowstone National Park. /kloc-For more than 0/00 years, national park movements have spread all over the world, and now more than 2,600 have been established in more than 200 countries in the world.
individual
National parks account for 2.4% of its land area on average. An American politician said, "If the United States contributes to the development of world civilization,
I'm afraid the biggest idea is to build a national park. "In 1974, IUCN formulated the following four national park standards,
success
For the international community.
(1) The area is not less than 10km2, with beautiful landscape and special ecology or topography, which is representative in the whole country and has not been exploited, inhabited or built by human beings;
(2) Long-term protection of natural Yuan Ye landscape, original vivid flora and special ecosystem protection areas;
(3) The highest organ of state power should take measures to restrict the development of industry and commerce and settlements, and prohibit logging, mining, setting up factories, farming, grazing and hunting.
Behavior, in order to effectively maintain the balance between nature and ecology;
(4) Keep the existing natural state and allow tourists to enter under certain conditions, which can be used as modern and future places for scientific research, education, sightseeing and intellectual enlightenment.
National parks are the link between man and nature (including science and education) in the era of industrial civilization. Its characteristic is based on reason, that is, science.
In the spiritual relationship. 1982, China announced the first batch of national-level scenic spots-China National Park with the approval of the State Council, and so far there are 15 1.
place
. Most of them are famous mountains and rivers in history. Therefore, we should inherit the fine traditions of famous mountains, strengthen scientific research and educational functions, and combine them with national parks.
The establishment of national scenic spots is a landmark event in the history of the development of famous mountain scenery. It marks the relationship between man and nature in the era of agricultural civilization.
The perceptual relationship in the department has entered the rational stage of the spiritual relationship between man and nature in the era of industrial civilization. Emphasizing the protection of local natural background and scientific research,
The function of popular science and patriotism education makes national parks become germplasm resources, natural museums, ecological laboratories and environmental education classrooms, which restricts tourists.
And the number of service facilities, so that the spiritual relationship between man and nature is based on rational science.
(4) the era of ecological civilization-ethical relationship
The development of high technology in the post-industrial era has brought rapid changes to human production and life, and also brought unprecedented damage to nature.
The deterioration of the natural environment has directly threatened the survival and development of mankind. Global Environment Outlook 2000 published by the United Nations Environment Programme
The report pointed out that the vegetation and land on the earth have been seriously damaged, and 80% of the world's virgin forests have been cut down or destroyed. Land desertification rate in China
It is also unprecedented, expanding at an annual rate of 2460km2.
Facing the increasingly serious threat, interference, transformation and destruction of the green home in the global village, people should not only have the overall awareness of protection, but also need
Protect those traditional natural and cultural heritages, and rescue those unspoiled nature reserves and natural winds with scientific, aesthetic, historical and cultural values.
Scenic spots meet human spiritual and cultural needs for nature. This has become global knowledge.
From 65438 to 0972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, uniting the forces of the world in the form of a convention.
Protect the world's most precious heritage. It is also an important symbol of modern civilization to protect its authenticity and integrity, so that it can be handed down from generation to generation and used forever.
. This shows that the development of natural and cultural heritage functions of scenic spots has entered the era of ecological civilization, and the principle of ecological protection has become the primary principle of scenic spots protection.
There must be principles. This spiritual and cultural relationship is based on carrying forward the tradition and highlighting the ecological value, and recognizes that the creatures in nature are the same as human beings.
Values and rights. Respect nature, care for ecology, improve the emotional and rational relationship between man and nature to "ethical" relationship, and learn from the spirit.
Ethics and science guide the sustainable development of man and nature.
2. Protection and development
Protection is the premise of the development and utilization of heritage in any era. Without protection, there would be no world famous mountains, scenic spots and national parks.
The famous mountains in China in the era of agricultural civilization are protected by the whole society. The emperor wrote a letter saying, "Five famous mountains, ... it is forbidden to collect firewood." (Six Classics of Datang.
"Book of History and Ministry of Industry Volume") is specific to a mountain, such as "Tiantai Mountain is a blessed place for animals and plants to live forever within forty miles from India, and it is forbidden to collect and catch people" (Tang Ruizong)
repeated
Building Tongbai Relationship "). Scholars praise and protect the aesthetic value of mountains and rivers. Religion protects the temple landscape and its environment from the Buddhist consciousness of Xianshan. Man and the whole
agency
All societies are effectively protected with the consciousness of geomantic omen, forming a world famous mountain protection system in the era of agricultural civilization. Except for war, there are generally famous mountains.
Effective protection.
National parks in the era of industrial civilization are all protected by legislation and directly managed by the central government, the highest organ of state power. If in America, Paul
Protecting national parks is a political task, and every president should make efforts to this end. The president has a national park adviser.
In the era of ecological civilization, the earth has become a "global village", and protecting natural and cultural heritage has become a global strategy. Convention UNESCO
The form of uniting the world forces and protecting the most precious heritage of all mankind. The Convention requires the signatory governments to do their utmost to protect the world heritage and the host country.
Heritage. By the end of 200 1, there were 72 1 world heritage sites, including 28 in China.
It can be seen that in the history of human society, the protection of heritage is also developing constantly, from family heritage (heirloom), national heritage (national treasure) to the world.
World Heritage (human treasure). No matter what era, the purpose of protecting heritage is to protect the authenticity and integrity of heritage and carry forward the spirit of heritage sites.
change
Function and scientific and educational functions, it is forbidden to carry out excessive economic development of heritage sites, so that they can be passed down from generation to generation and used permanently. Because of the spiritual culture of the heritage scenic spot
The development of functions will inevitably promote the development and construction of service facilities outside the region, thus bringing huge economic benefits to the region, but as long as it is well protected.
The natural ecological background and proper construction are also helpful to provide a good ecological environment and biodiversity for this area.
3 Problems and Countermeasures
The United Nations World Heritage Organization believes that in addition to natural disasters, the main threats facing the world heritage include human factors, including international wars,
Regional or domestic conflicts, large-scale projects and mass tourism and their out-of-control tourism development.
At present, the biggest threat to China's natural and cultural heritage and scenic spots is uncontrolled tourism development, especially misplaced and overloaded tourism development.
It has caused the most serious damage to national scenic spots and world heritage sites in history. In China, about 80% of the scenic spots have a history of thousands of years.
According to the principle of protection and utilization of natural and cultural heritage in the era of modern ecological civilization, many famous scenic spots have already exceeded the standard. Especially in the last decade.
The dislocation and overload development in 2000 made many scenic spots artificial, commercialized and urbanized. As a result, naturalness, aesthetic feeling and inspiration are seriously reduced.
The ecosystem has suffered unprecedented damage. Some scenic spots are becoming playgrounds for eating, drinking and having fun, and the so-called national treasures and earthly treasures are becoming a few decision makers.
It is also a cash cow for investors.
The "three transformations" of scenic spots in heritage sites only cater to those who lack natural science knowledge, historical and cultural knowledge and aesthetic quality of mountains and rivers, and pursue them enthusiastically.
The appetite of material comforters earned profits for operators, but caused irreparable losses to the country and all mankind!
Although the world heritage and national scenic spots in China are less than 1% of the national territory, they are the essence of the land and the highest spirit of nature.
Cultural activity places have many advanced functions. It is like a symphony in music and a Peking Opera in drama. You can't cater to people who don't understand in order to make money.
Those who have a loud voice and don't understand that Peking Opera pays attention to material enjoyment let them set up stalls on the stage and lay beds in the theater, which seriously destroys the nature of dance.
The influence of Taiwan Province and the audience seriously interfered with the spiritual enjoyment of nature and the exploration of science and culture by high-quality people.
In this regard, the National Park Handbook of the United States pointed out: "Allowing parks to be used for commercial tourism is a unique and excellent wave of wealth for national parks.
Fee, this kind of tourism should be stopped. The necessary campsites in the park should be designed and operated according to the natural landscape elements, and luxury hotels are undoubtedly
Not appropriate. Taking the protection of the ecosystem as the fundamental purpose of the park ... has become a reason to restrict tourist facilities. Tourists accept outdoor life.
Mode ","outing experience "and" park experience ". "
The title of the picture book of Korea National Park reads: "Korea National Park is unparalleled in beauty, and only people who love nature are invited here."
Developing scenic spots and heritage sites into tourism economic zones not only destroys the excellent tradition of spiritual and cultural functions of famous mountains in China, but also does not conform to modern countries.
Scientific requirements for the protection and utilization of family parks and world heritage. For example, the decision-maker of a famous mountain proposed to "build the top of the mountain into a bustling city of the sky".
"Turn Fengjing Mountain into an economic mountain." Under the guidance of this policy, this name reflects the epitome of China national spirit and culture in the era of agricultural civilization.
Mountain, transformed into a mountain city, the top of which is covered with a bustling city, and Zhongshan also has a small town, a commercial mountain connected by three ropeways and one road. How many are there around this mountain?
Ten quarries, taking stones from the mountains. What "celebrity garden" has been built recently, and a destructive pumped storage power station will be built. As long as it is profitable, so what?
You can go to any project. This exploitation of "economically famous mountains" is the greatest damage to the most precious natural and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and all mankind. Last year,
An American cultural relic expert told the Los Angeles Times reporter after visiting this mountain: "This mountain surprised me. There are even ropeways, cable cars and garbage. "
And mercenary business activity. "
Another famous mountain is no exception. Not only have three ropeways been built, which have caused topography, ecological damage and visual pollution, but they have also flourished in the elite area of the core area.
Civil engineering, continue to dislocation overload development. Build star-rated luxury hotels and restaurants with large volume, large energy consumption, many service personnel and great pollution at the top of the mountain.
Shops, etc. A reservoir will be built between the mountainside valleys with steep slopes, and 20 large and small reservoirs in the mountains will be connected into a 40-kilometer-long water supply and drainage pipe.
Spreading nets, cutting cliffs, building dams and storing water have destroyed the water system, ecology and granite body of this mountain, causing the most serious damage in history. This mountain is from
The famous mountains have extremely high aesthetic, natural science and historical and cultural (intangible) values, especially the natural aesthetic value, which is unparalleled in the world. this
appear
Today, a perfect and beautiful mountain has been damaged and scarred for the benefit of a few people (investors), seriously damaging national civilization.
shape
As a representative of human heritage, elephants have harmed the interests of the vast majority of people.
Yellowstone National Park 1995 is included in the World Heritage Endangered List for the following reasons:
(1) 4km away from the northeast boundary of the park, the planned mining will affect the threatened park;
(2) Illegally introducing non-native species-lake-born red-spotted salmon to compete with local spiny-throated salmon;
(3) Road construction and tourist pressure;
(4) Brucellosis in bison may harm livestock in the surrounding areas.
In this regard, the Clinton administration purchased the private land planned to be mined by 1996 for $65 million, which solved the threat outside the region, but other problems have not been solved.
Completely solved. According to the data of 1993, comparing the tourism utilization intensity of Huangshan and Huangshi, Huangshan is 16.2 times larger than Huangshi, and now it is bigger. Other issues.
Much more serious than Yellowstone National Park! According to the "endangered" standard above Huangshi, should the world natural and cultural heritages such as Huangshan and Taishan be included in the "world"
boundary
List of endangered heritage, do you still need to think? What's more, in order to make a profit, some scenic spots also engage in "ghost culture" and "open the coffin and set up a corpse".
take a risk
Fields and various man-made landscapes and so on. These are all carried out under the slogan of developing tourism, and some of them are still "civilized" and "healthy"
The laurels such as "Mountain" and "Top Ten Units" were carried out unimpeded. You know, destroying the world heritage is the most uncivilized behavior in modern society! appear in
condition
The main reasons for the problem are:
(1) Poor management and lack of authority.
World heritages and national parks all over the world are directly managed by the central government, but we have violated the promise of the convention and handed them over to local governments and even tourism.
Corporate governance is a rare irresponsible phenomenon in the world. In contrast, there are only 20 national parks in South Korea, which are directly managed by the Central National Park Management Corporation.
Jurisdiction, there are only 67 civil servants in central institutions; The National Park Service is bigger. And China's 15 1 national scenic spot is only the Ministry of Construction.
A scenic spot under the urban construction department, managed by three people, has only "business", what power!
(2) Legislation lags behind.
The legislation of protecting natural and cultural heritage lags behind the development of resources, so we adopt the policy of development zone to develop scenic spots and heritage sites.
It will certainly not lead to the destructive development of dislocation.
(3) The protection and utilization of heritage need a lot of science and technology. All countries in the world are based on scientific and technological decision-making, while China is based on the chief executive (decision-maker).
View from a height or a distance
Count. Since the early 1980s, many experts, professors and academicians have discussed the management system, protection and utilization of scenic spots, and stopped destructive development.
And other issues, constantly wrote to the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and even the State Council to make suggestions, but the result was pushed to various departments and dropped.
(4) It can't reflect the protection and utilization of heritage sites and scenic spots by public welfare, which is a public welfare undertaking and a government act and should be supported by the government.
For example, in 2000, the funds of 20 national parks in South Korea were equivalent to 600 million yuan, half of which was state expenditure, and the rest was ticket income and group donations.
The funding for national parks in the United States is $4.3 billion, of which $2 billion comes from the state and $2.3 billion comes from social organizations. And there are 15 1 national scenic spots in China.
The state only pays 6.5438+million yuan, and some local governments charge tens of millions of yuan to their scenic spots every year, thus forcing scenic spots to raise ticket prices.
And expand the scale of commercial development. In addition, all kinds of destructive tourist facilities in the scenic spot, under the slogan of one-stop service, do everything possible to guide tourists to "consume"
",and finally the tourists. How to embody social public welfare? (5) The issue is still under negotiation.
Some decision makers lack understanding and use the principles and policies of economic development zones to set up economic development zones. Some are bent on destructive development and make a fortune for local interests.
The former can only be strengthened through publicity and education, while the latter can be stopped by illegal prohibition. In the face of such a serious threat of scenic heritage, it is recommended that the State Council and others
It's time to make a decisive decision and take urgent measures to save historic sites and scenic spots. We can't always force departments to "negotiate" and ruin it in one day.
According to the actual situation in China, the author suggests taking the following effective measures to solve it:
(1) The top management must make up their minds to set up National Cultural Heritage Administration to directly manage the national natural heritage, cultural heritage and natural and cultural heritage.
Its personnel are subordinate to the Ministry of Construction, National Cultural Heritage Administration, Forestry Bureau, etc. , the establishment is determined by the director appointed by the State Council. Because these three heritages are
Belong to the protective resources, high-tech content, so it is * * * in management. But also cooperate with the UNESCO World Heritage Center internationally.
System integration of related disciplines. This has strengthened power and authority and overcome the situation of multiple political departments and divisions. If the departments don't cooperate, then
It is suggested that the ministries and commissions should upgrade the heritage management office to the heritage management department to directly manage their own heritage. In particular, the Ministry of Construction should establish national park management.
Division, in line with international national parks, this is also the situation after China's accession to the WTO. At the beginning of the establishment of national key scenic spots, it was clearly China's country.
Home Park should now be renamed as a national park on the basis of transformation and participate in international organizations of national parks, instead of low requirements and large scenic spots.
Engaged in destructive development.
(2) Formulate the national heritage protection law, or separately formulate the natural, cultural, natural and cultural heritage (national parks) law.
(3) Pay close attention to the renovation of the scenic spots of heritage sites, take protection as the premise, and rectify the dislocation development according to the principle of functional zoning. Protect the authenticity and integrity of the heritage.
Sex, and highlight the ecological protection as the focus, strictly control the overload development, so as to achieve regional positioning construction, limited tourism and sustainable utilization.
(four) it is forbidden to attract investment and engage in tourism economic development in scenic spots. In line with international standards, according to the requirements of national park standards, most of the winds in China
In the scenic area, they are already in a state of overload development, and they can only reduce but not increase! Scenic spots are national heritage, not enterprises or commodities, and should be banned from listing, and
no
Quasi-transfer or disguised transfer.
(5) Establish a heritage expert committee composed of related disciplines to participate in scientific and technological decision-making, consultation and supervision.
(6) The state should draw some funds from tourism revenue to support the protection and management of scenic spots and encourage social donations.
(7) Disseminating heritage knowledge and training relevant cadres.
Practical experience and scientific research at home and abroad show that without the direct jurisdiction of the central government, it is difficult to effectively protect world heritage and national parks.
In this way, it can be passed down from generation to generation and used continuously. Especially in the transitional period of China, the system is neglected, the legal system is incomplete, and the economic development is very fast. correct
For non-renewable protective resources, once destroyed, it is difficult to recover. World heritage and national scenic spots are the epitome of the motherland and the magnificent rivers and mountains.
The essence of landscape is the witness of the history of Chinese civilization. Protecting heritage, inheriting civilization and sustainable utilization are the symbols of modern civilization, and we cannot do without them.
Be indifferent! (