Anti-traditional culture Anti-traditional culture When the word "anti-traditional culture" is mentioned in Zhao Mei's American studies, people will naturally associate it with hippie culture in the 1960s, such as rock music, drug abuse, sexual perversion, abortion, streaking and so on, which is obsessed with eccentricity and pursues absurdity. And the hippie revelry in new york Central Park, San Francisco Golden Gate Park, and Woodstock, a suburb of new york, and the consequent "political inaccuracy", multiculturalism and its challenge to mainstream culture. Strictly understood literally, the "anti-culture" movement refers to a kind of values, culture and lifestyle characterized by anti-war and anti-mainstream culture that was popular among American young people in the 1960s. For the first time, "anti-culture" was attributed to the youth protest movement in the social, political and cultural fields in the United States in the 1960s. That's Theodore Hayward, a history professor at California State University. Ross Zach. In the book "The Birth of Anti-culture: Reflections on the Technological Society and the Rebellion of Young People" published by 1969, he found the intersection of two divided groups, namely, anti-culture, that is, resisting the industrialized society with technology as the main body. In his definition, the anti-cultural movement refers to all protest movements in American society in 1960s, including the political "revolution" in campus democracy movement, women's liberation movement, black civil rights movement, anti-war peace movement, environmental protection movement and gay rights movement, as well as the cultural "revolution" in the revival of rock music, sexual liberation, drug abuse, hippie culture, mysticism and egoism. Usually, people call the movement of radical young students advocating social and political reform by radical means "New Left Movement", while those who drop out of school hoping to rebel through drug abuse and indulgence are called "anti-cultural movement". This paper has no intention to define the concept here. Let's call the resistance movement in the political and cultural fields in the 1960s "anti-cultural movement". First of all, the dissatisfaction and criticism of the mainstream culture and the existing system, sympathy for the situation of women and ethnic minorities, and the desire for peace are the common characteristics of the two movements, which originated from the same historical background. Secondly, from the perspective of membership, it is difficult to clearly distinguish between the two. Many participants in the anti-cultural movement are also members of the new left movement. 1September 24, 964, Mario, a 22-year-old philosophy student at the University of California, Berkeley? Mario Savio and Art? ArtGoldenberg and others initiated and led the "freedom of speech movement" on campus to protest against the school authorities' ban on talking about the civil rights movement and giving anti-Vietnam war speeches on campus. 65438+ 10/month 1 2, the California government dispatched the National Guard to stop it. Students confronted the police for 32 hours and some leaders of the student movement were arrested. As a result, the prelude of the anti-culture movement was opened and gradually spread to other American universities. 1968, the movement was founded by Martin? Lu Se? Kim and Robert? The assassination of Kennedy and the escalation of the Vietnam War reached a climax. At first glance, the anti-cultural movement has not yet ended, and it has been continued by the multicultural movement that originated in American universities in the 1980s. But in fact, as a resistance movement aimed at civil rights and anti-war, it ended with the end of 1975 Vietnam War. Since then, the resistance movement has gradually subsided. This is because, first of all, as far as the social and political protest movement is concerned, some goals of the movement have been achieved. After the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam, the anti-war movement stopped. 1964' s civil rights law, 1965' s voting right law and 1963' s equal pay law were passed in congress, and 1965' s affirmative action plan was put forward and implemented, which profoundly changed the status of blacks and women in American social and political life. Although the black struggle against racial discrimination and the women's liberation movement continued since then, large-scale protests came to an end in the mid-1970s. As far as resistance in the cultural field is concerned, hippies' means of resistance are more and more radical, and the movement is gradually declining because it gradually loses the extensive support of society. At the same time, the growth of the age of the participants in the anti-cultural movement is also one of the reasons why the resistance movement tends to be calm. By the mid-1970s, the first-year-old baby boomers had reached the age of 30. When they got married, their attention began to turn to how to face the pressure from work and family. Wade? Clark. On the other hand, Ralph noticed that the Cold War promoted the return of social thoughts to conservatism. He believes that the Cold War confrontation not only aroused this large-scale resistance movement in the United States, but also prompted Americans to return to conservatism. This is because the escalation of the Cold War and a series of diplomatic failures in the United States have made many Americans feel that the democratic system on which the United States depends is being threatened. A stable family life is necessary for American national security and the primary condition for the United States to maintain its dominant position in the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The main slogans of the anti-cultural movement are: love, justice, freedom and peace. As far as the movement itself is concerned, it includes the following aspects: (1) civil rights movement; (2) Anti-war peace movement; (3) the cultural boycott movement, that is, the movement of boycotting all existing cultures with young students as the main body. Of course, every protest movement has its specific historical reasons. This paper attempts to explore the roots of this protest movement in the United States in the 1960s. Another issue inevitably involved in the study of this theme is the baby boomers in the United States. After World War II, there was a population peak of 1946 to 1964 in the United States. People born in this period are called "baby boomers" People born in the first decade of the "baby boom" were mostly in high schools or universities when the protest movement took place in the 1960s, and they were the main body of the protest movement. Therefore, the occurrence of anti-cultural movement is closely related to the growth environment of this generation.

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