In the face of disasters, the field of social work intervention is more comprehensive.
Tong Xiaojun
As far as the timely rescue of the country and the performance of all parties are concerned, the rescue work of Wenchuan earthquake is excellent. In the face of such a big disaster, our government's performance is very in place.
From a professional point of view, we have also done a lot of social work, but we have not been labeled as social workers. What can professional social workers do after the disaster? how much is it? This requires us to think.
In the whole disaster relief, from a macro perspective, whether social workers can be included in the disaster relief system needs government recognition and professional recognition. Without the approval of the government, it is impossible for social workers to intervene by themselves. Only with the support of the government can we give full play to the advantages of professionals. This requires the government to issue relevant policies to support it, so that social workers can participate in post-disaster reconstruction planning from the beginning.
Post-disaster reconstruction needs all kinds of professional strength. Psychological assistance is more aimed at a certain group of people with psychological trauma, while social work has a wider scope and more comprehensive intervention fields. Psychological assistance and social work are consistent in needs assessment and psychological intervention, but social work also includes resource allocation and integration, humanistic management and social management. Therefore, the close cooperation between social workers and the government is very important in the whole disaster relief process. From the earliest post-disaster reconstruction planning to the final policy implementation, social workers should participate in the whole process. Here, social workers are not only listeners and companions, but also play a greater role.
From the micro level, the role of social workers in disaster relief is different from other professional forces. In this process, social workers need to cooperate with psychologists, public health workers, community workers and grassroots civil affairs cadres. There are two aspects of cooperation with psychologists: on the one hand, clinical social workers cooperate in early appeasement, treatment, intervention and psychological assistance, and social workers and psychologists serve the same person from different professional angles. On the other hand, social workers and psychologists support each other, and social workers and psychological assistance meet the psychological needs of future victims from different angles.
Professional teams should cooperate to provide all-round services for the people in the disaster areas.
Sun Ying
May 27th-June 1 We went to the Sichuan disaster area, where we not only provided direct services, but also conducted a demand assessment, and finally formed a research report.
In this research report, first of all, from the perspective of demand, social workers pay more attention to the all-round development of economy and society. Judging from the living arrangements of the affected ordinary people, I hope that the affected people will live in the board house area as soon as possible. Second, the basic living supply can meet the special needs of the group. Third, residents hope to find jobs as soon as possible, especially urban residents, hoping to find jobs as soon as possible.
During their service in the disaster area, some people lack confidence in life and are confused about the future. In particular, children's state is diversified, and external intervention has played a positive role in children's psychological recovery, but there have also been secondary trauma. Farmers living in disaster areas have high trust in the government, and they believe that the government can give them good help and support.
The mutual aid system in rural areas is very good. Several families cook together, not bereaved families. They support each other. This kind of mutual assistance is the simplest traditional cultural content and has played an important role in the disaster. Residents living in cities are basically from different communities, unfamiliar with each other, lacking communication and recognition of the community. It is necessary to remind the government to pay attention to and effectively communicate the resettlement policy.
For special groups, the care of the "three orphans" personnel is basically undertaken by welfare institutions, and the policy for the "three orphans" personnel has also been introduced very early. In the way of resettlement, the government has fully considered the problems caused by institutional care, so it has adopted foster families, adopted families and similar families, which is in line with the basic ideas of psychologists and social workers. In other words, children try to return to family life, which is helpful to solve mental health.
The life of the disabled should be managed on a case-by-case basis, because it is not only related to their mental health, but also related to prosthetic installation, vocational rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. As case managers, social workers can provide case services in conjunction with psychologists, prosthetic technicians, vocational rehabilitation workers and social rehabilitation workers.
There are also many special groups in the resettlement sites, such as children and teenagers. The board room area only provides sleeping places, not basic places for self-study and activities. However, when teenagers grow up, especially adolescent children, their take-off period and unstable residence are concentrated together, the problem is very prominent. We hope to set aside a special house as a self-study space for children, and equip this self-study place with social workers to do some homework counseling and mental health services.
This is a demand survey on services, which simply includes: First, it is based on community reconstruction in the medium and long term, which is the understanding of social workers. Second, civil affairs departments and local counterparts should support the integration of provincial and municipal social work service teams. The third is the cooperation between the government and non-governmental organizations.
From the perspective of social workers, we think the first thing is to assist the civil affairs departments. It's not that there are no social workers in the whole disaster relief team, but there are social workers who just don't have the title of social worker. For example, civil affairs cadres are people who help people distribute goods from the beginning. They are called social workers internationally and civil affairs cadres at home. There are also social workers who have worked in the resettlement area for a long time, at least three years. Social workers should first help people in disaster areas solve their living problems, whether in cities or rural areas. In cities, social workers should do a good job in employment consultation and support; In rural areas, social workers should do a good job of local employment for immigrants and farmers, and in temporary residential areas, they should do a good job of supporting the elderly at home and taking care of orphans, the elderly and the disabled.
As social workers, we also hope to cooperate with the psychological team to provide all-round services to the people in the disaster areas, so that they can find any professional team if they feel that I need any services.
Social workers must participate in post-disaster reconstruction.
Li Tao
There will be two core contradictions in the reconstruction stage. The first is the imbalance of resources, including the failure of distribution mechanism, social service mechanism and demand differentiation, which are often ignored. Social development in disaster areas is very different, and social workers must participate in this process.
In the process of reconstruction, one is the reconstruction of livelihood and the other is the reconstruction of social relations. If the reconstruction of social relations is stable, the reconstruction and development of livelihood will be rapid. To put it bluntly, the reconstruction of social relations is the reconstruction of community self-mechanism, including participation mechanism, interest demand expression mechanism and interest coordination mechanism, all of which are based on livelihood reconstruction. In fact, sending materials and repairing water canals are all means, and we should rebuild ourselves in combination with the community. For example, how to repair the canal is a matter for the engineering team, but where to repair it, how to manage and serve it in the future and so on. This is not an alternative technology, but the professional value of social workers.
At present, there are social care models for the elderly and the disabled; A community development model with all-round development; There is a social planning model of reconstruction and relocation; Social workers should seize this opportunity to promote professional values and methods. Psychological assistance is valued because of this opportunity. We should put forward the slogan of social service reconstruction, combine participation in disaster relief service with promoting the professionalization process and training social workers, encourage social workers in colleges and universities to combine with external supervision, take advantage of the opportunity of social advocacy, and even consider establishing a "social service innovation fund" to encourage social workers to apply for and explore the development of local social work in China.
The psychology of helping others also needs attention.
Hu Yanhong
I agree with experts on the role of social workers. Just came back from the disaster area, what I saw was better than I thought, but some places were ignored.
For example, some towns and villages did not receive psychological assistance and counseling. At the same time, when we communicate with local women's Federation cadres, we feel that the psychological problems of these helpful public officials are often ignored. When we pay attention to children, the elderly and the disabled, in fact, the psychological and basic needs of public officials should also be concerned. For example, some of them also lost their relatives in the earthquake, and some of them didn't have tents.
In my opinion, the psychology of helping others, a neglected group, also needs attention.
Incorporate various professional forces into the disaster relief system
Yangtuan
On June 20th, I came to Chengdu, Sichuan for investigation. In a week, * * * went to four counties and six townships. Combined with the theme of this meeting, I want to talk about three points.
First, concentrate professional strength on the disaster relief system. An important feature of this disaster relief is the unified and coordinated deployment by the central government. This disaster relief operation is a national effort, and the organization is very orderly, which also reflects the beginning of remolding China's humanistic values. Under the baptism of market economy, the personality of China people has risen to a new height. In this earthquake relief, the focus of the civil affairs department is on living security and social services. In this position, in the future reconstruction process, the field of civil affairs work will be expanded, especially in rural areas. The main experience of civil affairs is community building. All topics related to disaster relief will fall on the platform of community. Civil affairs work has a natural connection with social construction and social management.
How to integrate various forces into the disaster relief system, the most important thing is to make clear the objectives and organizational system, and it must be sustainable, sustainable and extensible. Only in this way can we move from abnormal disaster relief to normal and long-term community and social construction. I personally think that the post-disaster service system should be established with the purpose of community reconstruction and the community reconstruction service center as the platform. Because it is in the transitional stage of emergency rescue and community reconstruction, future reconstruction needs a set of ideas, organizations and measures.
Why set up a community reconstruction service center? Because the civil affairs department has accumulated some experience in community construction and there are new situations and new needs in the disaster area, it is called the community reconstruction service center. Judging from the actual situation in the disaster area, the service center itself is an organization, which is conducive to bringing various forces, including various professional forces, into this disaster relief system. The first thing a community reconstruction service center should do is to restore its functions. First, the individual recovers psychosomatic function. Secondly, the recovery of social relations, sociology refers to the recovery of social capital. The third is the recovery of family functions. There are two functions of the family, one is social function and the other is economic function. Finally, the recovery of community functions. Cultural life is a piece, and industrial recovery is a piece, but cultural life should be attached to industry. For example, after the "9.2 1" earthquake in Taiwan Province Province, a foundation lived in the disaster area for a long time and discussed with the victims about the reconstruction of their hometown. Now ecological villages have been built in those disaster areas, and the original industries have been restored.
In my opinion, the community reconstruction service center should do a good job in policy transmission. It is necessary to find problems in time and try to deal with small and specific problems that need to be solved at the first time. It is necessary to strengthen organizational construction. You can organize various teams to provide disaster relief. For example, the environmental protection team and the electrician team, although grass-roots organizations, will play a very good role. We should also strengthen professional cooperation. Experts in various fields, including social workers, psychological counseling, public health, social education, agricultural economy, agricultural development, etc. Work as a team. Also, we should carry out diversified training. It is necessary to help local victims stand up, because they are enthusiastic and capable, but lack guidance. According to the actual situation, the classification should be effectively coordinated to promote production development and social construction.