A brand-new stage of peasant uprising in China

Huang Chao Uprising was a peasant uprising that took place in the late Tang Dynasty from 875 to 884, with the aim of overthrowing the Tang Dynasty.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, farmers rebelled against feudal oppression and exploitation. In 762, Yuan Chao led the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Peasant uprising; In 859, Fu led an uprising in eastern Zhejiang; In 868, Pang Xun led his troops to station troops in Xusi area of Guilin.

Justice. These successive peasant uprisings inspired the people's fighting spirit and opened the prelude to the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty.

In 873, when Tang Yizong died, the political situation became even darker, and the fiscal deficit reached 3 million yuan a year. Come again this year.

When the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are dry, the wheat harvest is half in summer and no grain in autumn. Farmers have to live on wild vegetables and bark.

In this case, corvees and taxes have not been reduced, forcing farmers to live. The angry crowd left without voting.

Road, take up arms and fight. A peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

In 874, Wang Xianzhi gathered more than 3,000 people in Changyuan (now northeast of Changyuan County, Henan Province) to hold an uprising, calling himself "Tianbu".

The general is also the commander-in-chief of all the giants in China, and issued a proclamation calling on the people to rise up and overthrow the Tang Dynasty. The following summer, Huang Chao.

Thousands of people responded to Cao Zhou's unjust imprisonment (now north of Cao Xian).

Huang Chao is a native of Shandong (now Caoxian County, Shandong Province). He sells salt for a living, studies and is good at riding and shooting. Tazeng Formation

I organized an armed salt gang and fought many armed struggles with Tang * * * in smuggling salt. His dark rule over the Tang Dynasty has a long history.

Than hatred, determined to overthrow the Tang Dynasty. After the Huang Chao Uprising, the poor peasants joined the Rebel Army in succession, which rapidly grew to tens of thousands.

People. When Wang Xianzhi led his team to conquer Zhou Pu (now Fanxian County, Henan Province) and Caozhou, he angrily joined the army of Huang Chao.

They moved to Shandong, Henan and Hubei.

After the peasant uprising army suffered heavy losses, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty tried to buy off the uprising leaders with high officials and generous salaries.

Understand the peasant revolutionary ranks. In the face of the enemy's policy of luring and surrendering, Wang Xianzhi wavered, and Huang Chao and the rebel soldiers resolutely arrived

System, make him afraid to surrender publicly. At this time, Huang Chao led the army back to Shandong, and Wang Xianzhi stayed in Hubei. The troops of the Tang Dynasty came to the town.

Under pressure, Wang Xianzhi sent people to Luoyang to negotiate the terms of surrender. Although the negotiation failed, because the messenger was killed by Tang Jun on the way, it made

The rebels are in a passive position. In February 878, more than 50,000 rebels were killed in Huangmei World War I, and Wang Xianzhi was also killed by Tang Jun.

Only Jean Shang led some insurgents to break through and went to Bozhou to go to Huang Chao.

Since then, the peasant uprising army unanimously elected Huang Chao as commander-in-chief, known as "General Tian Chong" in history, established Wang Ba and appointed officials.

Department, the struggle is directed at the landlord class regime symbolized by "heaven". Since February 1987, Huang Chao has led the rebel army.

Sweep the north and south of Huaihe River, cross the river in vain, and capture Xuzhou, Jizhou, Raozhou, Xinzhou and Fuzhou. Peasant army

Wherever they went, they burned officials, killed corrupt officials and helped the poor and farmers, winning the support of the people and expanding their ranks to hundreds of thousands.

10, in 879, the peasant rebels conquered Guangzhou, where they took a short break to replenish their personnel and armed forces.

At this point, Huang Chao issued a political declaration of the Northern Expedition in the name of "million commandments", proposing that "it is forbidden to colonize (accumulate) property in the secretariat.

Property, county magistrate, family destroyer (genocide) ". Then, he led the army to the north and came to the lair of the Tang Dynasty.

March in the direction of Chang 'an.

When the news reached the imperial court, the emperor was frightened and quickly sent troops to intercept it. Wang Duo, the prime minister, personally served as our ambassador in Nanchong, Beijing.

In the camp, the ambassador and the South invited the viceroy to station in Jiangling, and recommended his descendant Li as the deputy viceroy and Hunan observer.

Fifty thousand troops were stationed in Tanzhou, and Gao Pian moved to Huainan and Yangzhou to defend the natural barrier of the Yangtze River.

The peasant rebels marched bravely and fearlessly. In June of the same year 1 1, the army concentrated in Guangxi (now Guilin) and went down the Xiangjiang River.

Go north through Yongzhou and Hengzhou, take Tanzhou directly, and annihilate 50,000 Tang Jun. The insurgents took advantage of the situation to cross the Yangtze River, conquer Ezhou and reach Ann.

Mobile operation in Huizhou, Zhejiang and other places. In 880, the rebels broke through the Yangtze River and Huaihe River lines and took Luoyang directly.

In the Tang Dynasty, * * * tried to stick to Tongguan and was dying. In addition to the garrison commander Qi Kerang, he led 65,438+100,000 foot soldiers to station, patchwork.

2,800 "Shence Army" cooperated to guard the pass. Huang Chao led the army to Tongguan at the gates, inspected the front line, and let the pioneers bypass Tongguan.

Attack from behind. More than 1000 local people came to dig trenches to support the peasant army. The Huang Chao Uprising Army used only six.

Tongguan was captured the next day, and the gate of Chang 'an was wide open. The insurgents quickly advanced to Chang 'an.

On August 81year 1 8, Tang Xizong and his eunuchs fled to Chengdu, Sichuan.

That night, the peasant army occupied Chang 'an. 16, the peasant uprising army established a new regime in Chang 'an, and Huang Chao did it.

The Empress was given the title of "Daqi" and the title of Golden Boy. In the Tang Dynasty, officials above the third grade were dismissed, while officials below the fourth grade remained in office.

After the establishment of the revolutionary regime, Huang Chao did not pursue victory, nor did he destroy the imperial army near Guanzhong, but was intoxicated with victory

This made Tang Xizong, who fled to Sichuan, gain a firm foothold, and rallied the remnants to contact local warlords.

Come back to deal with the peasant army. At the time of the uprising, some temporary surrender of our time, also took the opportunity to arise. The peasant army has no foundation

According to the ground, it was quickly surrounded by Tang Jun. Under difficult conditions, Zhu Wen, the leader of the rebel army, defected. In 883, the Tang Dynasty

The rulers colluded with the Shatuo people and the Tangut nobles to attack the peasant army. Being outnumbered, the farmers retreated.

Go out of Chang 'an and persist in the struggle in Henan. 1June, 984, the peasant army retreated to Shandong. In the Wolf-Tiger Valley north of Laiwu, a middle peasant in World War I.

Most of the militiamen were killed, and Huang Chao committed suicide. The peasant uprising failed.

The peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty led by Huang Chao led hundreds of thousands of people to move to Yu Sheng for more than ten years, which is unique in the history of China.

An unprecedented heroic peasant revolutionary war has written a glorious chapter in the history of peasant war in China. It hit hard.

It attacked the rule of the Tang Dynasty and showed the transformation of feudal society by the peasant war. At the same time, the uprising also weakened the buffer region.

Separatist forces have broken the original balance of power between the central government and provinces, as well as between provinces. This peasant army is taking off.

For the first time, he put forward the battle slogan of "equality", established a revolutionary regime and violently attacked the feudal system.

Degree. It marked the development of the peasant war to a new stage, which had a great influence on the peasant struggle in later generations.