Control of total calories: The total calories should be determined according to the nutritional status, weight, age, sex and physical activity of the patient, and the principle is to make the patient's weight slightly lower than or within the standard weight range.
Under normal circumstances, the daily calorie intake is 1500- 1800 calories, and fat people should reduce it to 1200- 1500 calories. Among them, carbohydrates account for about 60% of the total calories, equivalent to 300-400 grams of staple food. Sugar in coarse grains decomposes slowly and is suitable for diabetics.
Dietary fiber and vitamins should be sufficient: high-fiber foods can slow down the decomposition and absorption of carbohydrates and help balance blood sugar. Because eating less will lead to insufficient supply of vitamins and trace elements, it is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables. Fruit contains more fructose, so it is best to avoid eating it when blood sugar is not well controlled. It can be supplemented by oral multivitamin and mineral tablets (pills).
Prevention and treatment of complications: Diabetes patients have disorder of fat metabolism, high blood lipid and rapid development of atherosclerosis. The cholesterol content in food must be controlled, generally not exceeding 300mg/ day, which is equivalent to one egg per day. Eat less or don't eat high cholesterol animal fat and animal offal food. Diabetic patients are also prone to renal insufficiency, so urine protein should be checked frequently.
Dietary precautions:
1, the staple food is generally rice and flour, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereal and corn flour. Because these foods contain more inorganic salts and vitamins and are rich in dietary fiber, they can lower blood sugar and help control blood sugar.
2. The protein source of hyperglycemia patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, the protein it contains is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3. During the calorie control period, when you are still hungry, you can eat some vegetables with less sugar, boil them in water and add some seasonings. Vegetables are essential foods for diabetics because of their high dietary fiber, high water content, low thermal energy and strong satiety.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cakes, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Those rich in saturated fatty acids are seldom used, so it is better not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain quite high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar >;
Question 2: What principles should be paid attention to when blood sugar is high? You can eat everything, you can eat less, but you can't get enough for every meal.
1. The staple food should be eaten four times a day, which can be 1 time in the morning and 1 time at noon and evening. It is wrong to say that you don't eat staple food. Including rice, steamed bread, bread, etc.
2. Eat 1 kg of vegetables every day, eat instead, and don't be partial to food. If you don't have enough food, vegetables can increase your satiety.
3. Eat less than 2 ounces of meat every day and change it instead of eating chicken or pork every day.
4. Less oil, oil control, blood sugar control, the lighter the better.
5. Do not eat porridge, fried food, etc.
6. Exercise for more than 3 days a week for more than half an hour at a time, preferably jogging or brisk walking.
Dietotherapy: (Shunhang Youpin Black Garlic) can lower blood sugar and soften blood vessels.
Question 3: What should we pay attention to in daily life with hyperglycemia? People with hyperglycemia (diabetes) should pay attention to diet, sleep, exercise, mood and daily life.
1, diet should pay attention to three meals a day 70% full, eat less and more meals, do not eat sweets, do not eat spicy food, do not smoke, drink alcohol and other bad habits, because these will aggravate the condition of diabetes, people with smoking habits should give up smoking slowly within one year, not immediately. People who have taken hypoglycemic western medicine for more than half a year should not suddenly stop taking it, because it will cause a sudden increase in blood sugar. Under the guidance of a doctor, they should gradually reduce the dosage until they stop taking it. Pay attention to coarse grains, flour and rice in diet. It is recommended to eat some pumpkins, oatmeal and so on. But be clear, no matter how good it is, it is suitable for diabetics, and don't overdo it.
Fruit contains about 6-20% carbohydrates, low watermelon content and high banana content, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and pectin. Fruit contains more fructose and glucose, so people with severe diabetes should not eat too much fruit. In order to supplement the nutrients needed by the human body, you can eat a small amount of fruit, usually about100g a day, but you should pay attention to the changes of blood sugar and urine sugar. If urine sugar rises after eating fruit, you should reduce staple food to avoid rising blood sugar. In order to prevent complications such as arteriosclerosis and constipation, we should diversify our diet to meet the needs of human health and longevity. Lean meat can also be eaten, two or three times a week, with more than two pieces each time. Porridge is easy to raise blood sugar, so it is best not to eat it. Bitter gourd, kudingcha and Gynostemma pentaphyllum have auxiliary effects on treating diabetes, so they can be eaten frequently.
(1) The foods that should not be eaten are:
R Foods with rapidly increasing oligosaccharide content: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar.
. Foods easy to raise blood lipids: butter, sheep oil, lard, butter, cream and fat. For foods rich in cholesterol, special attention should be paid to using them less or not to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
! 2 gray wine. Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients, it only provides heat energy, and each gram of alcohol produces about 7 kilocalories (294 joules), which is harmful to the liver and easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking. Note that patients who use insulin drink alcohol on an empty stomach easily lead to hypoglycemia. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol.
2 Suitable foods: mainly foods that can delay the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid.
4. In addition to protein, inorganic salts and vitamins, there are many unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, which can not only lower blood cholesterol, but also lower blood triglycerides. The sitosterol contained in soybean oil also has lipid-lowering effect.
. Miscellaneous grains: such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, hot cereal, corn flour, etc. contain many trace elements, vitamin B and dietary fiber. Experiments show that they can delay the rise of blood sugar. Corn flour, soybean flour and white flour can be made into steamed bread, pancakes and noodles in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Long-term consumption not only helps to lower blood sugar and fat, but also reduces hunger.
(6) People with diabetes should eat less or not eat fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch. Rapid digestion and absorption after eating will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients generally should not eat more fruits. But because fruit contains more pectin, pectin can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when your condition is stable.
Choose the principle of low sugar when eating fruit. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its heat energy. Convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total calories unchanged. It is not advisable to eat fruit at every meal. It is generally believed that it is more appropriate to take a small amount between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a nutrient composition table, which should be selected according to the condition.
(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the cholesterol content in their diet. When the condition of diabetic patients is not well controlled, it is easy to increase serum cholesterol, which will lead to diabetic vascular complications and coronary heart disease. Therefore, the intake of cholesterol should be limited in the diet of diabetic patients, and it is generally advocated that the amount of cholesterol is below 300 mg per day. Therefore, fat meat and animal viscera, such as heart, liver, kidney and brain, should not be used or used sparingly in clinic, because these foods are rich in cholesterol. Eat lean meat, fish and shrimp, etc. , is a kind of food with high protein and low fat.
2. There must be a ... >> every day.
Question 4: What should people with high blood sugar pay attention to in their diet? Foods that are not suitable for eating are: ⅰ. Foods that can easily raise blood sugar rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar. Ii. Foods that are easy to raise blood lipids: butter, sheep oil, lard, butter, cream and fat. For foods rich in cholesterol, special attention should be paid to using them less or not to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease. Iii. it is not advisable to drink alcohol. Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients, it only provides heat energy, and each gram of alcohol produces about 7 kilocalories (294 joules), which is harmful to the liver and easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking. Note that insulin patients who drink alcohol on an empty stomach are prone to hypoglycemia. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol. 2 Suitable foods: mainly foods that can delay the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid. Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: These foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins. There are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, which can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and the sitosterol contained in them also has lipid-lowering effect. Ⅱ. Coarse miscellaneous sugar: such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, hot cereal, corn flour, etc. contain various trace elements, vitamin B and dietary fiber. Experiments show that they can delay the rise of blood sugar. Corn flour, soybean flour and white flour can be made into steamed bread, pancakes and noodles in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. If you stop using it for a long time, it will not only help reduce blood sugar and fat, but also reduce hunger.
Question 5: What should I pay attention to when my blood sugar is high? People with diabetes should eat less sugar and drink less alcohol, and should not eat other roasted and fried foods such as sorghum, bean sprouts, spinach, bean jelly, lotus seeds, parsley, leeks, onions, garlic and other strong-smelling vegetables, as well as shrimp and dog meat that cause excessive internal heat. In short, keep your mouth shut, eat properly, use drugs rationally, control blood sugar at an ideal level, and prevent all complications. Diabetes is not terrible, just afraid of getting sick. If you are satisfied with the answer, please choose adoption and five stars, which will inspire us to better answer questions for netizens. Our slogan is: We will make unremitting efforts for your health. The above is the answer given to you by the team of "Only health can make you happy". thank you
Question 6: What dietary precautions should be paid attention to when blood sugar is high?
1, the staple food is generally rice and flour, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereal and corn flour. Because these foods contain more inorganic salts and vitamins and are rich in dietary fiber, they can lower blood sugar and help control blood sugar.
2. The protein source of hyperglycemia patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, the protein it contains is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3. During the calorie control period, when you are still hungry, you can eat some vegetables with less sugar, boil them in water and add some seasonings. Vegetables are essential foods for diabetics because of their high dietary fiber, high water content, low thermal energy and strong satiety.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cakes, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Those rich in saturated fatty acids are seldom used, so it is better not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain quite high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar control are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.