In fact, high-speed rail technology is a chicken rib technology in the west. Germany, Japan, France and Canada, which have developed high-speed rail, all have the problem of small domestic market. The United States and Russia do not develop high-speed rail.
In this case, China market is the only market. Once China market is gone, it is of little significance to continue to develop high-speed rail technology.
In this case, the high-speed rail technology is an exportable technology, which lays the foundation for China to use the wrist acquisition technology in the future.
The second is the role of leadership.
Minister Liu is really active in the construction of high-speed rail.
Resist the magnetic levitation faction, vigorously develop high-speed wheel and rail, and choose the right direction.
Then make full use of the skills in negotiation, acquire western technology, and finally fully integrate.
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Why is China's high-speed rail developing so fast?
The main reason is that China has the largest high-speed rail market in the world. China has a vast territory and a large population, and there are a large number of densely populated areas all over the country, which requires a fast, convenient and cheap means of communication. In addition, China currently has capital and the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, which will continue to be spent. Another advantage is that the development of highways and automobiles in China has encountered bottlenecks. Although China's expressway mileage has surpassed that of the United States to become the first in the world, there is still a big gap compared with China's powerful population, but the development of automobiles has encountered a bottleneck. Environmental problems have led major cities to limit the number of cars, so it is unrealistic to tell yourself to drive. Another problem in China is the backward development of aviation, and the number of airports and planes per capita is particularly low. These problems have created China's demand for high-speed rail, which is the most urgent among all countries in the world. The United States has a strong highway system and one car per capita, as well as a strong aviation system, and there is not much demand for high-speed rail. Although Russia has a large territory, its population is concentrated in a small area in western Europe. Russia has no money and cannot invest heavily. The land area of other countries leads to little demand for high-speed rail. Many European countries, such as France and Germany, have strong high-speed rail technology, but the land area is too small, so high-speed rail will go abroad. So China has a market, demand and capital. Then bring in all countries with technology in the world (Germany, France, Canada and Japan) and let them give their technology to China, and then China will go out to the market to do it together. These countries also know that China will soon have nothing to do with its own technology, but there is no way. You won't eat the cakes in China, and your skills won't be useful for decades to come. So all countries have come up with their own technologies. China has integrated the technology of various countries into its own research and development, and then the technology is very strong (in fact, there are still gaps in many aspects, and we have to admit that it needs to be improved. After all, the technologies of all countries are reserved), and China has many construction and operation experiences that other countries do not have, which leads to China's leading position in the design, construction and operation technology of high-speed rail. Especially in the large-scale application of high-speed rail, China's high-speed rail mileage accounts for two-thirds of the world, which is unparalleled.
27 like 1, 446 browse 2017-12-15.
Why did China surpass Japan, the first country to develop high-speed rail and have technical reserves?
This problem is not surprising, because China high-speed rail has generally absorbed the advanced technology of European high-speed rail, in other words, we are standing on the shoulders of giant Europe, and in the field of railway technology, Japan has no chance to surpass Europe in an all-round way (it may have a slight advantage in some areas). This comparison is not simply "China high-speed rail VS Japan Shinkansen", but actually the comparison of European high-speed rail technology accumulation+China high-speed rail independent research and development VS Japan Shinkansen. In this comparison, the Shinkansen is. China high-speed rail has indeed absorbed the technology of Shinkansen. For example, CRH2A and CRH2C EMUs are based on the E2 series trams of Shinkansen, and CRTS-I slab ballastless track is also imported from Shinkansen, Japan. However, even in the initial stage of China high-speed railway, it is not qualified to compete with Shinkansen, and domestic scholars do not shy away from the technical defects and deficiencies of Shinkansen. Since the second stage, CRH2C EMU has been absorbing the technology of CRH3C EMU based on Siemens velaro platform, such as improving the strength of car body, improving the running stability, replacing key parts such as bogie pantograph with European products, and improving the durability of parts to extend the maintenance mileage. Speaking of CRH380A and CR400AF, it is difficult to see the color of Japanese cars. CRTS Ⅰ slab ballastless track based on Shinkansen track slab technology was later replaced by CRTS Ⅱ slab ballastless track based on German technology and CRTS Ⅲ slab ballastless track independently developed by China, which has more advantages in structural strength, ride comfort and stability. In the aspect of train control system, China High-speed Railway also adopted CTCS-2/3 signal system imported from ETCS system in Europe. CTCS-3 adopts GSM-R wireless data signal to transmit train control information in two directions, which theoretically has stronger information transmission capacity and larger line capacity than Shinkansen D-ATC system based on digital audio track circuit to transmit train control information in one direction. In terms of catenary, China high-speed railway adopts simple chain suspension, while Shinkansen adopts compound chain suspension, which is more complicated in structure and more difficult to maintain. Starting from the Hokuriku Shinkansen, Japan has also given up the complex compound chain suspension and switched to the European single chain suspension ... This comparison can be listed in many ways. China's high-speed railway, standing on the shoulders of Europe, is a rising star in Ran Ran. We can learn from the experience of our predecessors, avoid many unnecessary detours in the selection of technical routes, compare and choose between different modes, and adopt the scheme with the best comprehensive cost performance and the most suitable for the national conditions. At the same time, we don't have to bear the historical burden brought by the high-speed rail system built in the past, and we don't have to spend a lot of energy to upgrade the old system. These are the advantages that the Shinkansen does not have. Shinkansen has a long history. It has been more than half a century since the Tokaido Shinkansen 1964 was opened, and it has indeed accumulated very rich technical and operational experience. However, as mentioned above, China High-speed Railway absorbed the experience and lessons of predecessors, and omitted many unnecessary explorations and experiments, which greatly reduced the time advantage of the pioneers. Moreover, the research on high-speed railway technology in Europe is not later than that in Japan, only because Europe and the United States misjudged the development direction of railway passenger transport at that time, which led to the high-speed railway being put into operation many years later. Furthermore, during the decades from 1964 to 1980, due to the serious deficit of Japanese state-owned railways at that time and the lack of strong competitors in the world at that time, the technological progress of Shinkansen was relatively slow during this period, and the maximum running speed was only increased from 2 10 km to 220 km. Since the Okayama-Bodo section of the new Yangshan trunk line, the line design standard has been basically determined. The earliest 0 series car is still the main force decades later. Even the newer 100 series and 200 series, the technical progress is not great. It was not until the 1990s that rapid progress really took place. When the European high-speed rail began to operate at a speed of 300 kilometers per hour, the Shinkansen finally added 300 series and 500 series to save its disadvantage. At the same time, due to Japan's national conditions, the Shinkansen cannot adopt the most technically appropriate standards in many aspects. For example, due to Japan's small land and dense population, high land cost and insufficient funds for early construction, the standards of Shinkansen's line spacing, curve radius and tunnel cross-sectional area are far lower than those of China's high-speed railways and Europe's second-and third-generation high-speed railways, and strict noise standards for residential areas must be implemented. It has become a major obstacle to the continuous improvement of speed. Many technical studies on Shinkansen have been used to overcome unfavorable line conditions. If we can choose a higher line standard, we may avoid a lot of late investment in this area, but it is impossible for Shinkansen to have such an opportunity again. It is not surprising that China High-speed Railway can quickly realize the leap from being far behind to keeping pace or even catching up by learning from the experience of predecessors and sprinting with all its strength from the very beginning without too much historical burden.
5 Zan 3 18 Browse 2017-11-05
Why did China's high-speed rail develop so rapidly that foreign media were shocked?
According to British media comments on May 3rd, China already has the largest high-speed railway network in the world, so it may not be surprising that China has ambitious plans to build the fastest bullet train by 2020. According to China media reports, China is planning to develop high-speed trains with speeds of 250 miles (402 kilometers) and 373 miles (600 kilometers) respectively. So, why is China's high-speed rail developing so fast? It makes China high-speed rail become the first high-speed rail in the world in just a few years, and it also gives China high-speed rail three advantages: advanced technology, safety and reliability. Low price and high cost performance; With rich operating experience, every time a railway is built in China, its standard will be guaranteed to be at least 20 years old. According to industry analysis, there are four main factors for the rapid development of high-speed trains in China: First, the "joint design" of high-speed trains purchased by China. This kind of "joint design" is not to design new models from scratch with China, but to design and modify the models purchased by China to adapt them to the characteristics of China's lines. Second, the foreign party provides the manufacturing drawings of the models purchased by the Chinese side. Of course, it is impossible to transfer key technical resources such as design principle and design source database, and not all part drawings are available in part drawings. The third is the process of producing imported products, which is a part of the manufacturing system and the part that China has benefited the most. The fourth is to train engineers and skilled workers in China. In detail, what China has gained is the production capacity (how to use the given technology), not the technical capacity (how to develop these technologies). In this case, if import is the only source of technology, the future development path of China railway equipment industry is to manufacture according to the design of foreign models and upgrade by introducing new models. "Introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation", this speed shocked foreigners! 20 1 1 the research and development of high-speed trains in China has crossed three steps in less than six years: the first step is to master the manufacturing technology of high-speed trains with a speed of 200-250 kilometers per hour by introducing digestion and absorption innovation; The second step is to independently develop and produce high-speed trains with a speed of 300 ~ 350 kilometers per hour; In the third step, China Railway successfully developed and produced a new generation of CRH380 high-speed EMUs based on the technical platform of high-speed trains with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. Facts have proved that China's high-speed rail technology has sources other than imports, that is, China's railway equipment industry can digest and absorb innovative imported technologies and the core technologies mastered by this industry, which makes China's high-speed rail develop so fast.
6 like 1, 479 browse 20 17-05-05.
Why is China developing so fast?
Technology communication technology is changing the world. 2. The region is highly complementary and flexible. We are three times bigger than the European Union, with the largest population and land. 3. China's cheap labor and huge market economy potential have promoted the rapid development of China. 4. China's international and domestic environment is suitable for the development of China. Since the reform and opening-up, China has adopted the economic policy of "catching up", specifically, lowering the prices of production factors, introducing foreign capital and promoting the development of export-oriented economy. Factors of production include: labor cost, land cost, raw material cost, energy cost and so on. By lowering the labor price, lowering the price of agricultural raw materials and implementing various subsidy policies, the competitiveness of products in the international market can be improved by reducing the cost of products. China speed refers to the economic development speed of China. 1. At present, China's economic development is in the leading position in the world, and its development speed far exceeds that of any other country, and it is also the largest developing country. 2. Remarkable domestic projects include high-speed rail, BDS (Beidou Satellite Navigation System), vacuum maglev high-speed rail and Alipay. These things are unique to China, completely independently developed and never copied from any country. Before China, Japan was the largest developing country. After World War II, Japan was defeated and the domestic economy fell into depression. However, the rise of Japan only took about 50 years. Now, however, the development speed of China has surpassed that of Japan. From the founding of New China to the 1990s, it took China about 50 years to basically complete the infrastructure construction.
Like 1, 327 browse 2019-11-04.
Why is China's high-speed rail technology so awesome?
The development of high-speed rail in China cannot be separated from the hard work of high-speed rail builders and the strategic support of the country. In Jia Limin's view, the successful development model of high-speed rail in China largely depends on China's institutional advantage: concentrate on doing great things. It integrates the best scientific and technological innovation forces in China, including more than 20 domestic top universities, more than 50 key laboratories and innovation platforms, and more than 500 supporting enterprises. From basic materials to control, from electronics to chemical industry, from machinery to information, we have made highly organized innovations in all fields involved. It is very important to introduce, digest, innovate and develop western technology. From construction according to drawings to minor repairs, from introducing western manufacturing capabilities to forming their own core technology, China "high-speed rail people" spent more than 10 years "comprehensively and systematically" researching and building their own high-speed railway. To expand the innovation of information power, it is necessary to give full play to the institutional advantage of "concentrating on doing great things", break family disputes and give up personal interests. As the sole buyer, we should introduce the most advanced foreign technology platforms with emphasis and selectivity, make the R&D team open and interoperate, learn from others' strengths, form a late-comer advantage, and truly maximize the utilization efficiency of market resources and scientific research resources. The high-speed rail shows the mind of a big country in marine international cooperation. It is better to be happy alone than with others. The best high-speed rail in China should be shared with the world. The first Turkish high-speed rail, the first Indonesian high-speed rail, the first Russian high-speed rail ... all have China enterprises; Strong design team, excellent technical standards and the most cost-effective high-speed rail products ... China high-speed rail is becoming the leader of the "Belt and Road" cooperation project, starring in the highlight of international capacity cooperation and demonstrating the role of the world's second largest economy. References:
People's Network-China High-speed Railway was built in this way.
10 likes 8,057 browsing 2019-10-18.
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