The Revolution of 1911 refers to the revival movement of the Han nationality that took place in the third year of the Qing Dynasty (19 1 year to the beginning of 19 12 in China, aiming at overthrowing the colonial rule of the autocratic monarchy in the Qing Dynasty. Slogan: "Expulsion of Tatars, Restoration of China, Establishment of Republic of China, Equal Rights." In a narrow sense, the Revolution of 1911 refers to the revolutionary events that occurred in China from the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising on the night of19110 (the 19th day of the eighth lunar month) to 19 12, when Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China on New Year's Day. Broadly speaking, it can also refer to a series of revolutionary movements that successfully overthrew the Manchu rule in China from the end of 19 to the end of1/kloc-0. The Revolution of 1911, as a democratic revolution, successfully overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the imperial system in China, opened a new democratic era, and infiltrated the ideas of * * * and * * into the minds of the upper and middle class people in society. As a national revolution, the success of the Revolution of 1911 also had an important impact on the ethnic relations in China and the national liberation movements in other Asian countries at the same time. A series of events before and after the Revolution of 1911 not only ended the efforts of the constitutionalists to promote constitutional monarchy, but also played a key role in the development of China's constitutionalism and the rule of law, central and local politics, and the relationship between central and local governments. The Beiyang government, which emerged after the Revolution of 1911, has made great achievements in firmly safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity, abolishing unequal treaties, and improving national status, and made unprecedented great historical contributions. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union issued two declarations on July 25th, 19 1920, announcing the abolition of Russia and China. On May 3rd,1,1924, the then Central Government of China (Beiyang Government) and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Russian Outline Agreement on Solving Outstanding Cases, also known as the Sino-Soviet Agreement. Main contents: 1. Abolish all unequal treaties between China and Russia; Second, the Soviet Union gave up all concessions and land lease rights of the Russian Empire in China; Third, the Soviet Union abandoned the Russian part of boxer indemnity; Fourth, the Soviet Union abolished the extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction of the Russian Empire in China; 5. The Middle East Railway agreed to be redeemed by China. 6. Recognize Outer Mongolia as the territory of China, and China has complete and permanent sovereignty in Outer Mongolia. Confirm that all unequal treaties involving China in the era of Russian Empire are invalid; Recognizing Outer Mongolia as a part of China; Give up all Russian privileges in China. 1On June 24th, 925, the Beijing government officially sent a note to governments of all countries, demanding that the unequal treaties be amended and that a conference on tariffs and legal rights determined by the Washington Conference be held. 19 19 10 In October, the Beiyang government took advantage of the Russian October Revolution and sent General Xu Shuzheng to send troops to recover Outer Mongolia. 1919165438+10/7. History will always remember this day. Outer Mongolia formally wrote to President Xu Shichang of the Republic of China, petitioning for the abolition of "autonomy" and all Sino-Russian treaties and agreements. All the territory of Outer Mongolia will return to China and the embrace of the Republic of China! At the same time, in order to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity, Xu Shuzheng stationed troops in various parts of Outer Mongolia, such as Shangmao City (now Qiatu), Ulyasutai, Cobudo and Tang Nuo Wu Liang Hai, and completed the recovery of Outer Mongolia! Liang Hai in the Tang Dynasty, in particular, was infiltrated by Russia for many years and finally returned to the embrace of the motherland! Xu Shuzheng totally denies the claims of China and Russia. Sun Yat-sen's military government in the south also called to celebrate. 122 October 165438+ President China's proclamation ordered the cancellation of outer Mongolia's autonomy and the restoration of the old system. At the same time, the Sino-Russian Declaration and the Chekatu Agreement were abolished, the Beijing government set up the "Northwest Frontier Mission Office of the Republic of China" in Kulun, and the Xu Shuzheng Department stationed in Outer Mongolia. Sun Wen therefore praised Xu Shuzheng: "Xu's recovery of Mongolia is more important than Fu Jiezi and Chen Tang, and public opinion is indispensable!" Under the leadership of Beiyang government, China joined the Allies to participate in the First World War and attended the Paris Peace Conference as a victorious country, which changed the history of corruption and humiliation in the late Qing Dynasty for more than 70 years. 1On June 24th, 925, the Beijing government once again formally sent a note to all governments, demanding that the unequal treaties be amended and that a conference on tariffs and legal rights determined by the Washington Conference be held. In the same year1October 26th, 10, a special tariff meeting was held in Beijing, attended by *** 13 western countries. At the meeting on 1 19 10 19, the second Committee adopted a resolution: "recognize China's tariff autonomy, allow it to lift the tariff bondage contained in the existing treaty between the country and China, and allow the tariff rate of China countries to be regulated on 1 929 65433. "19 17 The Beiyang government declared war on Germany, Austria and Hungary, abolished its extraterritorial jurisdiction, terminated the payment of boxer indemnity signed by the Qing government, and won a five-year moratorium on the payment of boxer indemnity to the allies. The victory of World War I not only enabled China to participate in the 19 19 Paris Peace Conference as a victorious country and become a member of the League of Nations, but also was elected as one of the six non-permanent members of the Executive Yuan of the League of Nations. It became an important member of the international community when it entered for the first time, which greatly enhanced China's international status! The Treaty of Versailles gave Germany's rights in Shandong to Japan. With the support of the people all over the country, the Beiyang government stubbornly refused to sign a peace treaty, and forced Japan to unconditionally return its rights and interests in Shandong and agreed to withdraw from Shandong at the 192 1- 1922 Washington Conference. This is a great victory over Japan since the late Qing Dynasty.