Place names are substantive nouns, while poems are literary works, which mainly express feelings and create artistic conception. Whether the use of place names in poetry can set off the artistic conception or weaken the destruction, our answer is the former, because the poet needs to use place names to point out where and what kind of environment arouses his interest; Otherwise, all descriptions will become rootless trees and passive water.
A night-mooring near maple bridge written by Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty is a well-known poem. The third sentence, "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City", is a narrative sentence, pointing out the location and looking dull. However, with this sentence, the scene described in the first two sentences, "The moon sets with black hoofs and frost all over the sky, and the fishing in the river village sleeps", can be attached to the beauty and landed; It is precisely because of this sentence that the next sentence "Midnight bell knocks on a passenger ship" is introduced, which completely tells the whole story about the specific environment here and now. Now I'll give you a few examples to explain the seven laws, seven unique styles and ancient styles.
The first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763) was the year when the Anshi Rebellion ended. The rebels all collapsed because the leader Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and recovered the north and south regions centered on Ji Cheng (now both capital city). The good news reached Du Fu, who lived in Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province) at that time. He couldn't restrain his inner joy and couldn't help but write the famous seven-rhythm poem "The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army".
The first sentence is "the news of this distant west station!" The north has been taken back! " , with two place names at the beginning. Factor continent is in the south of Jianmenguan, so it is called "outside the sword", which shows that the poet heard the news thousands of miles away. Another place name "Northern Hebei" refers to the recovered place centered on Ji Cheng, indicating the content of the news. The next five sentences are "at first, I couldn't stop tears from flooding my coat."
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. Sing my songs loudly, drink my wine, and let me go home on a green spring day. "
It vividly depicts the poet's feelings of surprise and preparation for returning to China. The next two sentences immediately entered the action, "come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" " .
The mood here is extremely high, and four place names have been used in succession to explain the journey home. From Zizhou to Sichuan, you have to pass through Fujiang, Jialing and Yangtze rivers, so "crossing Wuxia under the dam" is used to represent this voyage. "Xiangyang goes down to Luoyang", two common place names here represent the avenue between the north and the south at that time. It starts in Jiangling on the north bank of the Yangtze River, passes through Jingmen and Xiangyang, leaves Nanyang Basin and reaches Luoyang. These four place names, two pairs before and after, all end with the same sound, which is easier to recite and the syllables are loud and beautiful.
Six place names are used in the whole poem, which was highly praised by past critics, saying, "The subject and object are so rich that they are really good at (in this case, directing) many people." Look at Mao Zedong's Long March again. These seven laws are full of revolutionary optimism and are widely read.
The first two sentences, "The Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions, and Qianshan only has leisure", are in charge of the overall situation with thunderous momentum. Five place names-Wuling Mountain, Wumeng Mountain, Dadu River, Jinsha River and Minshan Mountain-have been used one after another, opening a picture of the Long March for us.
On the way to the Long March, there were thousands of waters in Qian Shan. Why did you choose these five place names? Because they are key locations in the Long March, they contain rich historical facts and witness the revolutionary history. In the geography of China, it is also an important place name with distinctive geographical features, with magnificent weather, which is beyond the reach of ordinary mountains and rivers. All the poems containing these five place names, on the one hand, describe the local geographical characteristics, and in essence express the broad mind of revolutionary soldiers.
When we recite this revolutionary poem, one place name after another makes our emotions soar and sublimate step by step, reaching three or four sentences in the seven laws of the apex, called couplets, which pay attention to the neatness of antithesis and often use some place names to pin the poet's interest. For example, when Du Fu was in Chengdu, he wrote "Climbing the Building", and its cloud said: "Silk water with bright spring scenery floats between heaven and earth, like a cloud of jade peaks, from ancient times to the present."
It is realistic to climb the stairs overlooking the clear stream and mountains and point out these two place names. Jinjiang, located in the south of Chengdu, is the downstream of Zouma River, a tributary of Minjiang River. Used for brocade in ancient times, it is fresher than other water. Therefore, it is also called Fuhe locally.
Lei Yu is the name of a mountain. During the Tang Dynasty, a pass was set up here to control the main road leading to Tibetan areas. Connecting the river with space and connecting the pass with time not only makes the confrontation accurate and steady, but also makes the weather vigorous and powerful, which opens the way for painting the poet's feelings below.
Another example is the two sentences written by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, "Snow on the boat at night, autumn wind scattered in the iron horse", which is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Guazhoudu and the Big Three Pass, so the poet chose two place names, which have profound meanings.
The former is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, south of Jiangdu County, Jiangsu Province, and is an important link between the north and the south. The latter is a pass in the Qinling Mountains southwest of Baoji, blocking the main road leading to Guanzhong. These two strategic locations, one water and one land, one east and one west, were the front lines of Song and Jin Dynasties.
The poet expresses patriotic enthusiasm through two place names; Moreover, these two places were visited by the poet in Zhenjiang and Nanzheng Army in his early years. Looking back now, whether in the country or in oneself, why not let him feel sad and angry? There are only four lines and 28 words in the Seven Musts, which are short in length, rich in content, numerous excellent works, full of sound and emotion, and infinite in emotion. They are regarded as the treasures of China's classical poems. In this kind of poetry with limited words, can you use place names freely? There is a very common sentence with a place name in the four-character poem. Although I don't need to mention it, two, three or even four sentences all use a place name, which is everywhere in the works of famous writers in the Tang Dynasty. There are as many as five or six consecutive place names.
Now let's give a few examples.
2. The poem about place names is 1. Go to the front to advise the book, first take Guanzhong and Hebei.
-"Send Van Scheeren back to the DPRK" Song Lu Tour 2. The daughter of Luoyang looks like a flower, while the head of Yin Da in Henan is like snow. -"Persuade Wine" Tang Bai Juyi 3. You don't know Han's family. In thousands of villages in Qian Qian, nothing grows except weeds. There are 200 in Shandong.
-"Military Vehicle Shop" Tang Du Fu 4. Shanxi heroes return to the bag, and the north wind shines on the glass. -"Send Zhao to Shaanxi for Punishment" Song. Wang Anshi 5. He Bao relies on three assistants, and Longyou is linked to Sichuan.
-"Man Xing" Yuan. Wang Mian 6. Hunan will send you away and Hubei will send you back. -"Xiang Le" Tang Cui Guo Fu 7. It's convenient to leave the horse and move out of Anhui.
-"Yong Jian Ci" Tang Liang Zaiyan 8. Jun is in the east of Zhejiang, proud of driving the party. -"Harmony in the Night" Don Bai Juyi 9. Rooted in Guizhou, the disease spread from ancient times.
-"Tang Kai Zhou Wen Bian Yuan Ji Xin Fu" Tang Quan German 10. Since I live in northern Yunnan, how many generations of grandchildren do I know? -Song Luyou, "Send the Zixiao female Taoist, Siming Xie Jun".
3. Poem on the Place Names of Lulou (Tang) Wang Zhihuan
The mountains cover the day and (the Yellow River) flows into the sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
Liangzhou Ci (Tang) Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why should a strong brother complain about willow? Spring breeze is not enough (Yumen Pass).
Lanxi Bangzi (Tang) Dai Shulun
Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more.
(Lanxi) Peach blossoms rained for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight.
Night parking near Fengqiao (Tang)
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
(Gusu) Hanshan Temple outside the city, the bell rang at midnight to the passenger ship.
See you again on the way from Yellow Crane Tower to Yangzhou Meng Haoran (Tang) and Li Bai.
An old friend stayed in the west (Yellow Crane Tower), and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Looking at Painting (Song Dynasty) Sima Guang
Luoyang is the most prosperous in spring.
One hundred thousand families with shade of red and green.
Who says flowers are like brilliant flowers,
People will learn from the splendid flowers.
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia (Song) Su Shi
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever.
To the west of the old base, the humanities are Zhou Lang (Chibi) in the Three Kingdoms.
The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow.
The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit.
A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes.
I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely.
Life is like a dream, a statue returns to the moon.
Mulan Ci (Han) Han Yuefu
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home.
I don't smell the loom, only the woman's sigh.
What is this woman thinking? Ask the woman what she remembers.
Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember.
Seeing the military post last night, Khan sent more soldiers.
The art of war consists of twelve volumes, which contain the names of lords.
Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no eldest brother,
I am willing to be a pommel horse in the city and sign for you from now on.
Buy horses in the east market and saddles in the west market.
Buy halters in the south and whips in the north.
Say goodbye to parents and stay at dusk (Yellow River).
I can't hear my parents calling for women.
But I heard the Yellow River splashing.
Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk.
I can't hear my parents calling for women.
But I heard the chirping of Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying.
The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron.
The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall.
Policy 12 turn, before reward 100.
Khan asked him what he wanted, "Mulan doesn't need Shang Shulang,
I want to borrow a camel from the Ming Dynasty to send my son back to his hometown. "
When parents heard that their daughter was coming, they went out to help Guo.
Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of her red makeup.
When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep.
Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed.
Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes.
When the window is decorated with clouds and temples, the mirror is painted yellow.
When you go out to see a fire companion, the fire companion is dismayed.
After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.
"The male rabbit's feet are confused, and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred;
When two rabbits walk on the ground, Ann can tell whether I am a male or a female! "
Chang Cha (Tang) Liu Yuxi
Raw white green onion and drunk buds,
Lao Lang sent a letter to Chen Xian's home.
There is still a more (Xiangjiang) month today.
Reflect a bowl full of flowers
Hengjiang Ci (Tang) Li Bai
Poseidon returned to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen.
(Zhejiang) What happened in August? Waves are like snow coming from the mountains.
4. Poems about place names A bright moon hangs in the capital, and ten thousand hammers beat the ground. -Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge Qiu Ge
Looking at Dongting from a distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate. -Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting"
The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start. -Zhang Ji "Qiu Si"
In autumn, the sails on the river are far away, and Baidicheng is sparse along the Yellow River. Gao Shi demoted Li and Wang and moved to the middle of summer and Changsha.
Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! -Wang Changling "Breaking up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn"
It snowed all night in the building, and the autumn wind dispersed in the iron horse. -Lu You's "Five Disgruntled Books, Part One"
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains. -Wang Anshi's "Dengguazhou"
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! -Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci. The first part "
In Yangzhou, the spring breeze blows all over Sanli Long Street. With beaded curtains, no one can match her beauty. -Du Mu's Farewell, More than Thirteen Years
Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation. -Du Mu's Farewell
The spring in Luoyang city is good, and Luoyang talents are always in other places. -Wei Zhuang's "Bodhisattva Man, Good Spring in Luoyang City"
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent. -Lin Sheng's "Title Lin 'an House"
Four million Taiwan Province compatriots burst into tears. Today last year, the day when the motherland was ceded! —— Autumn Feng Jia's "Spring Sorrow, Spring Sorrow Can't Force the Mountain"
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. -Wang Changling's "Seven Military Services, the Fourth"
In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day. -people Meng Jiao "after graduation".
5. What are the poems with place names? 1, Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet. It's not as good as a gift from Wang Lun.
2. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain.
There is a water room in Guazhou, Jingkou, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.
4. I advise you to have a drink and go out of Yangguan for no reason.
5, Bai Di Cai Yun resigned, a thousand miles a day Jiangling.
6. Therefore, Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou rang the bell of the passenger ship at midnight.
7. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! .
8. Why should the flute blame the willow? Spring breeze is not enough for Yumenguan.
9. Looking at the green mountains and green waters in Dongting, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
10, an old friend stayed in the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.
1 1, Tianmen interrupted the opening of the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flowed to this back.
12, Jun asked that the return date was undecided, and the rain rose in the autumn pool at night.
13, but make Longcheng fly, not teach Huma to spend Yinshan.
14, smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
15, relatives and friends in Luoyang asked each other, and a piece of ice heart was in the jade pot.
16, west of Jiating in the north of Gushan Temple, with gentle water level and low cloud feet.
17, the warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent.
18, Changyunqing Snow Mountain in Qinghai, overlooking the isolated city of Yumenguan.
19 I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong.
20. I have sorrow in my heart, and the moon has sorrow. I will always follow you until Yelangxi.
2 1, where the Yellow Crane carried the saints to heaven a long time ago, now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.
22. Bashan Chushui was desolate and deserted for 23 years.
23. I have to go to Heyang to serve food, and I have to prepare breakfast in the morning.
24. The fog in Yungu and Menggu hangs over Yueyang City.
25, Xiangyang is so romantic, it makes me drunk! .
26, Luoyang March flowers, such as brocade, how much hard work.
27. Every winter solstice in Handan, I always have a knee lamp.
28. Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
29. Chang 'an looks back at the embroidered pile, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times.
30. A letter was typed in the sky and 8,000 in Chaozhou Road at night.
6. The poem Exploring Li is related to Sichuan.
Shu is everywhere, and the leaves are shaded by three rivers.
"When I first entered Qinchuan Road, I met cold food" Li Longji.
Ever since Guan Ju entered Qinchuan, there has been an argument about who doesn't whip.
"Spring Platform Watch" Li Longji
Looking at thousands of miles, the mountains and rivers are strong.
"Toucishan Prefecture" Li Longji
Mountains and rivers are in danger, and customs limit the west to the east.
The Stylistic Word Li Longji in The Spring Festival Evening and the Origin of Li Zhengdian, a Courtesy Officer.
Yichuan in Ji Ye is green, and the suburbs are bright and red.
"Through the Flower Moon" Li Longji
Driving to Jing Yi means Luochuan.
"To Cui Ri in Luzhou" Li Longji
Will book the prime minister's policy, and give Yingchuan gold first.
Li Chen, Xinghuayan Temple
The tent temple is empty and cold, and Yuanchuan overlooks the green cage.
"Tang Tianle? Fourth, Wu Zetian
Ming Kai Yanwubian, the picture recommended Luochuan Middle Road.
7. A poem named 1 Go to the front line to encourage the policy of "white book", and take Guanzhong and Hebei first.
-"Send Van Scheeren back to the DPRK" Song Luyou
The daughter of Luoyang looks like a flower, while the head of Yin Da in Henan is like snow.
-"Persuade Wine" Tang Bai Juyi
You don't know that there are thousands of villages in the Han family, 200 states in Shandong, and nothing grows except weeds.
-"Ice Car Shop" Don Du Fu
4. Shanxi heroes return to the bag, and the north wind enters the glass.
-"Send Zhao to Shaanxi for Punishment" An Shi of Wang Song
5. Hebao relies on the three assistants, and Longyou is linked to Sichuan.
-"Manxing" Wang Yuan noodles
6. Hunan will give you a knife and Hubei will send you back.
-"Xiang Le" Don Cui Guo Fu
7. It's convenient to get out and move out of Anhui.
-"Yan Fu Jian Dian Song" Tang Liang Zaiyan
8. Cao Jun returned to the east of Zhejiang and proudly drove away.
-"Harmony in the Night" Tang Bai Juyi
9. Rooted in Guizhou, the disease spreads from ancient times.
-"Tang Kaizhou Wen Bian Yuan Xin Fu" Tang Quan German
10. Since I live in northern Yunnan, how many generations of grandchildren do I know?
-Song Lu's answer to "Send the female Taoist priest Zixiao to give thanks".