Guo Moruo

This is the fifth cycle of Shen Jia, and this year marks the 300th anniversary of the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

Seriously speaking, the demise of the Ming Dynasty was stipulated in Shen Jia 300 years ago. Shen Jia died in Chongzhen on March 19th.

After the disaster, there were Hong Guang in Nanjing, Longwu in Fuzhou and Li Yong in Zhaoqing, until the first year of Kangxi in the former Qing Dynasty (Liu Yi

62) Eighteen years later, Li Yong was killed by Qing officials. Anti-Qing in Taiwan Province province and San Francisco. Let's just say that.

Not included. However, in the habit of ordinary historians, Jia is considered to be the year of the Ming Dynasty, which is also a fact.

This is necessary. Because it should be confined to the Ming Dynasty, in fact, it has long lost the popular support and stayed in Shen Jia.

Time has long been the only form.

Take China as an example. During the 260 years of the Qing Dynasty, no nation died and resisted the Qing Dynasty.

The liberation struggle has never stopped.

However, Shen Jianian is always a memorable historical year. Large-scale and long-term peasant revolution

Life, in this year, the most autocratic monarchy in the Ming Dynasty collapsed, but unfortunately there were all kinds of mistakes.

With the arrival of the Qing Dynasty, people's blood and tears have been flowing for more than 260 years. Anyway, it's worth it.

This smell.

When the surnames were changed in past dynasties, the monarch who died in the country was often scolded.

Emperor Chongzhen was an exception, and he won the sympathy of later generations. This is Li Zicheng's imperial edict of Deng Ji.

Noodles also said: "aren't you very dark, isolated from the world, and there are many stoves;" I'm not as loyal to the party as I am to the public. "No.

In other words, "you are not the king of national subjugation, and all ministers are ministers of national subjugation." In fact, Emperor Chongzhen was very

Something's wrong. He seems to want to do something, but his methods always go the wrong way. He's starting.

When he acceded to the throne, he once played his "decisive role". Apart from Wei Zhongxian and Hakkas, he was the most dazzling.

Glorious period. But in a blink of an eye, relying on eunuchs, the handling of military affairs depends on the rise and fall of characters, often

This is fickle, trusting and jumping to conclusions.

Seventeen years is not a short time, but I can only see him cutting the minister today and striding into Xinjiang tomorrow.

Everyone is at a loss. What about ordinary people? Although I have written to myself many times about crimes, I have declared that I love the people.

But it's all lip service Ming History criticized him as "suspicious, rigid and resentful". Any inspection is harsh.

Ungrateful, you will lose your head in a rage "("The Story of the Rogue "). This statement is not harsh at all.

Natural Chongzhen's luck is too bad. After Wanli and the apocalypse, he proclaimed himself emperor, and his internal affairs were corrupt.

The disasters in the northeast border have developed again. In this case, droughts and locusts are almost everywhere every year.

On April 26th, 2002, Ma Maocai wrote "Preparing for the Famine of Chen Da", which described the disaster situation in Shaanxi in great detail.

Fortunately, even now, I feel a little chilling: "After I died, I lived in my hometown's Yan 'an house for a year. "

Rain scorched the plants. In August and September, people are fighting for grass in the mountains. Its grains are like chaff skin and taste bitter. eat

Can only extend to eternal life. /kloc-after 0/0, the crown is exhausted, and you peel the bark and eat it. Among all the trees, the quality of elm bark is poor and miscellaneous.

His bark is food, and his death can be delayed a little.

By the end of the year, when the bark was gone, they dug stones in the mountains to eat. Stone is cold and fishy, so eat less and be full.

Within a few days, he was bloating and fell to his death.

Some people don't want to eat stones, but the dead start to get together as thieves, and one or two people who have accumulated a little are robbed.

It's all gone. ……

The most compassionate people, such as Hebei city in the west of Ansai, have one or two babies abandoned in it every day. Those who wail,

Some call their parents, others eat their dirt. By the next morning, the abandoned son had no life, and some people abandoned him.

What's more, the child is a loner. Once out of the city, there is no trace. After seeing people outside the door, cook human bones.

For the sake of wages, they cooked human flesh and ate everyone they knew before. And cannibals are inevitable in a few days.

Red swelling, internal heat and death. So the deceased leaned back and stinked, and dug several pits outside the county seat, each of which could be filled.

Hundreds of people, to cover their bodies. When I came, there were more than three pits full, but those thousands of miles away were better hidden, and I didn't know it yet.

How much is it? ..... There is a company that is strict with work orders and departments. The only thing left is Li, and there is only one escape ear.

Run from here to there and then from there. Running away makes a thief. The reason why this thief spread all over Qin is also.

Generally speaking, the famine in Qingyang and north of Yan 'an is extremely high, and the thief is slightly worse; Han An

Below average, thieves are extremely high, and famine is the level. "(see" Introduction to the North of the Ming Dynasty ",Volume 5)

This is indeed a document of great historical value, which briefly explains the origin of the so-called "hooligans" in the late Ming Dynasty.

Li Zicheng and Zhang, both transferred to Yan 'an government, rose in succession under such circumstances.

Famine is indeed serious, but it is not without remedy. The famine is so extreme that it flows and is stolen, which shows that

On the one hand, there are people who don't want to starve to death and take risks, on the other hand, there are things that can't starve to death and make thieves all over the city.

Save money. If politics is clear, then paying attention to this can make up for the loss and use manpower.

The fight against natural disasters is "a strict command and a strict supervision."

It is enough to show that famine and thieves are actually caused by politics.