preventive measure
Psychological crisis
Psychological crisis can refer to the serious disorder of psychological state, the fierce psychological contradictions and conflicts that are difficult to solve, the occurrence of mental breakdown or psychological obstacles.
China Representative of the World Association for Suicide Prevention, Executive Director of Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center.
When a person has a psychological crisis, the parties may notice it in time, or maybe? Wood knows wood? . A person who thinks he follows a certain habitual behavior pattern may also have a potential psychological crisis. People with serious bad hobbies often have psychological crisis. When you quit addiction, your psychological crisis will be exposed.
Whether you can overcome the psychological crisis depends first on a person's self-confidence. The key to crisis intervention lies in implementation? Character building? Help people in crisis recover their self-confidence, improve their psychological defects and give full play to their personal potential. Psychologists explain that crisis has two meanings: danger and opportunity. If a person's life and family are seriously threatened, causing suicide or mental breakdown, this crisis is dangerous. However, if a person gets timely and effective therapeutic intervention in the crisis stage, it can not only prevent the further development of the crisis, but also help him learn new coping skills and restore or even exceed the pre-crisis level. Therefore, it can be said that the crisis is an opportunity and a turning point.
Hotline consultation is one of the ways of crisis intervention. Telephone consultation has two characteristics: anonymity and quickness. Can let the consultant speak freely without scruple. Through the objective analysis and patient persuasion of psychological engineers, we can effectively release the pressure and alleviate the crisis.
Crisis intervention is one of the important symbols of spiritual civilization and social development in a country and region, which should attract the attention and input of the whole society. World-renowned mental health experts call for the establishment of a community service network in addition to the existing professional crisis intervention, so that all people with psychological crisis can get timely consultation and effective intervention.
Suicide prevention
Various ways
Among psychological factors, the ability to cope with and adapt to bad life events, personal sense of self-worth and self-confidence, skills to cope with and solve problems, and the behavior of actively seeking help are all protective factors to prevent suicide. Among the social and cultural factors, keeping close contact with the society, maintaining good interpersonal relationships with friends, colleagues and neighbors, obtaining the support of relevant personnel and accepting the advice of doctors can reduce the risk of suicide. Among the life factors, healthy lifestyle, good eating and sleeping habits, regular physical exercise, no smoking, no use of drugs or addictive drugs can also reduce the occurrence of suicide.
In this world, no one is born without loving life, because life is not only the premise of happiness, but also the source of creating happiness; There is no one in the world who is not afraid of death, because life is only once for people. Why do humans commit suicide? Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, has a classic exposition:? When a person's fear of survival is greater than his fear of death, he will choose suicide. ? So what is the biggest fear of survival? Very simple, it is despair, that is, a person's despair of completely losing the courage to survive in the present situation or the future. In this sense, if our society wants to prevent suicide, we must first prevent the soil of despair.
Some despair has nothing to do with society or others, for example, someone has lost the courage to live after suffering from a disease that human beings can't do. This seems to be his own business, but we can't let him commit suicide because his death will leave long-term regret and pain for the living. We should help him overcome his illness, care for him, try our best to alleviate his pain and let him walk the road of life naturally.
Some despair is mainly caused by society or others. For example, not long ago, three farmers in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province committed suicide because of the rough behavior of the township working group. For example, Weng Biao, a resident of a city, committed suicide because of forced demolition. This kind of despair should be completely avoided from the source, because suicide caused by this despair sometimes takes the form of losing rationality, retaliating against the responsible person or even killing the innocent, which has caused great harm to society. In this regard, society should do a lot, but the most important thing is to let every citizen have such a belief or experience: although society can't completely avoid injustice, the government is clean and the courts are completely trustworthy. Even if there are problems in the law itself, as long as we appeal and appeal according to law, we will be corrected and justice will be obtained one day!
Prevention mode
A three-level prevention model of suicide has been formed in the world. The so-called primary prevention measures refer to measures taken to prevent acts that cause fatal consequences, with the goal of reducing suicide mortality. These measures include treating mental patients, controlling guns, eliminating the toxicity of household gas and automobile exhaust, controlling the exposure of toxic substances and relaxing news reports. Relevant research shows that reducing the availability of suicide means, such as effectively controlling the use of poison in the general population, can reduce the suicide rate and will not increase the use of other suicide methods.
Secondary prevention refers to early intervention for people on the verge of suicide, and its measures include establishing suicide or crisis intervention institutions, controlling convenient ways to trigger suicide, and strengthening emergency services.
Three-level prevention refers to preventing people who have attempted suicide from committing suicide again, and its measures include: (1), psychological counseling and early crisis intervention; (2) Strengthening drug and psychological treatment for high-risk groups; (3) To study the environmental factors leading to suicide, and take measures such as vocational training, improving education and cultural level, and adjusting the mentality of sub-cultures prone to suicide, so as to minimize the influence of environmental culture on suicidal ideas or behaviors, thus effectively preventing suicide and correcting distorted behaviors. It is very important to coordinate the research on suicide causes and suicide prevention, effectively publicize mental health knowledge, provide training for staff in different service institutions, better identify and deal with high-risk groups of suicide, and monitor the characteristics of suicide deaths and attempted suicides among the general population.
Related measures
20 13 September 10 is eleven? World suicide prevention day? What is the theme of 20 13? Discrimination: a stumbling block to suicide prevention? . According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, the global suicide rate is about 14.5/65438+ ten thousand, and about 1 ten thousand people die of suicide every year. According to statistics, about 250,000 people die of suicide every year in China, and the number of attempted suicides is about 2 million. Suicide has become the fifth leading cause of death in China and the first leading cause of death among young people aged 15 to 34.
China is a country with high suicide rate. The suicide rate in rural areas is higher than that in cities, small and medium-sized cities are higher than that in big cities, and the elderly are higher than the young. According to the data released by the former Ministry of Health on 20 10, the national suicide rate is 6.86/65438+ 10,000. Among them, the suicide rate is10.01110,000 in rural areas, 8.37/ 1 10,000 in small and medium-sized cities and 641/10,000 in big cities. Suicide is preventable. The reporter learned from the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau that the Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center has been set up in huilongguan hospital, Beijing, and a 24-hour psychological assistance hotline has been set up to provide citizens with free psychological crisis intervention services. Up to now, the center has received more than 6.5438+0.9 million hotline calls, including more than 8,000 high-risk suicide calls.