Talking about how to do a good job in building construction safety management. As we all know, safety is the guarantee and prerequisite for the survival and development of every enterprise. So safety is very important. It is more difficult for construction enterprises to achieve safe production, because the safe production of their construction projects is different from other industries: First, there are many jobs at heights. According to the national standard "Classification of Work at Heights", more than 90% of the construction work is carried out at heights. Second, there are many open-air operations. The open-air operation of buildings accounts for about 70% of the total workload, which is influenced and endangered by different climates in spring, summer, autumn and winter and natural conditions such as strong sunshine, wind, rain, ice and snow, lightning and so on. Third, there are more manual labor and heavy manual labor. Most jobs in the construction industry are still operated by hand, which is easy to make people tired, distract their attention, make many mistakes and lead to accidents; Fourth, there are many interchange operations. The structure of building products is complex and the construction period is tight. Many units and types of work must cooperate with each other to carry out interchange construction. If the management is poor, the connection is improper and the protection is lax, it may cause mutual harm; Fifth, there are many temporary workers. At present, migrant workers account for about 60%-80% of the workers working in the front line of the construction site, and some construction sites are as high as 95%. These characteristics determine that the construction process of building engineering is a dangerous, sudden and casualty-prone production process. Therefore, with the increase of the business volume of construction projects undertaken by enterprises, it is very important to do a good job in the safety management of construction sites and ensure the safe production of construction projects. 2 1 century, people's requirements for building safety production are getting higher and higher, and building safety management is closely related to people's lives. Only by paying attention to construction safety and strictly controlling it according to the requirements of safe production can we build high-quality projects and benefit mankind. Only by strengthening the comprehensive management and education of construction personnel's safety, speeding up the establishment of safety mechanism, constantly updating the construction safety production standards, perfecting the construction safety guarantee system, and building a good construction safety management system can the best effect of construction safety and efficiency be achieved. Keywords: construction site; Safety management; Construction safety production; The first chapter is about the current situation and understanding of safe construction in the construction industry. The construction industry is an industry prone to safety accidents, and it is also one of the key industries in the national special treatment of safety production. The management system of China's construction industry started late. From the early days of liberation to the end of last century, the building codes and management system of the former Soviet Union were used, and it was not until China joined the WTO that the national building management system was gradually in line with international standards. In recent years, with the increasingly fierce competition and decreasing profits in the construction industry, the safety management of the whole construction industry has been directly affected. In order to pursue high profits, some construction companies try their best to cheat and cut corners, which has laid hidden dangers for the construction safety of the construction industry and brought challenges to the project safety managers. It is still an important task for the construction industry to effectively prevent safety accidents and realize safe production. So, what are the factors that lead to safety accidents in the construction industry? Careful analysis of the reasons, mainly human behavior factors and the safety state of things. I. Safety Status of Construction Projects There are about 38.93 million construction workers in China, accounting for about 25% of the world's construction workers, and they are the largest industrial labor group in the world, but their working environment and safety situation are very problematic. Due to the characteristics of the industry, the quality of workers, the difficulty of management and other social and practical factors, such as cultural concepts and the level of social development, the situation of safe production in construction projects is grim, and the construction industry has become the most dangerous industry among all industrial industries in China, second only to the mining industry. At present, China is carrying out the largest capital construction in history and in the world. For example, in 200 1 year, the construction enterprises completed nearly 800,000 unit projects with a construction area of 65.438+88 million ㎡, and the number of unit projects exceeded 500,000, with a completed area of 980 million ㎡. At the same time, more than 1000 employees in China's construction industry die from safety accidents every year, and the direct economic loss exceeds1000 billion yuan. In recent years, with governments at all levels attaching great importance to construction safety production, the safety situation of construction projects in China has improved, and the number of deaths has basically decreased, but the overall situation of safety production is still grim. Second, the construction industry's awareness of safe construction in 20 12 and 10 months, there were 4 1 accidents in the production of municipal housing projects in China, with 60 deaths, a year-on-year decrease of 15, and the number of deaths decreased 10. The number of accidents decreased by 30.66638.560000006 compared with last year, and the number of deaths increased by 1 1, up by 1 10%. Safety, for all living things, is the guarantee of survival; For human society, it is a manifestation of progress; For all kinds of enterprises in all walks of life, it is the embodiment of strength. It embodies humanistic thought, technology and management level, and is an eternal and unremitting proposition. For construction enterprises, it is even more demanding to be perfect, and safety should be put in the first place at all times. Chapter II Research on the Main Problems of Safety Management. The main leaders of some construction enterprises do not attach importance to safety in production. In the early stage of national market economy, the main leaders of enterprises (or enterprise representatives and administrative leaders) played a very important role in safety production. However, the main leaders of many enterprises do not pay enough attention to safety in production, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: ① Some business owners hold the idea of "replacing others' lives with their own money" and violate the law or knowingly commit crimes in production and operation, resulting in constant accidents and countless casualties; (2) Some enterprises are lucky in safety, because their products are in the right way, meet the market demand and have good benefits. In addition, there have been no major accidents for many years, and they think that safety issues are irrelevant; ③ Local government supervision is not in place. Some local governments and departments do not attach importance to safety in production, their work is not in place, they turn a blind eye, neglect supervision and organize safety inspections. For example, the assessment and acceptance of safety responsibility organized at the end of each year is poor in operability and a mere formality, which easily gives the person in charge of the enterprise an illusion that safety management is such a simple matter, and you can win the honorary title of local advanced unit of safety production without innovation and investment. As can be seen from the above points, the person in charge of the enterprise often only wants economic benefits and "tickets" and ignores or even does not want safety in production. They don't realize that this is a serious violation of human rights and its legal consequences. Second, the safety production management organization and personnel need to further implement the safety production management organization and personnel's role is to implement the relevant national laws and regulations on safety production and be responsible for daily safety management, which is an important organizational guarantee for enterprise safety production. However, many enterprises have not set up safety production management institutions, equipped with safety production management personnel, and failed to train relevant management personnel as required. As we all know, safety work is not only a management work, but also a highly technical work, involving a wide range of contents and fields. In addition, the merger of enterprises and institutions has reduced the number of personnel, and the security department bears the brunt, resulting in a serious loss of security personnel. Three. For enterprises with insufficient investment in safety production, it is very important to arrange appropriate funds for improving safety facilities and updating safety technical equipment, equipment, instruments and meters to ensure that their safety production conditions meet the requirements of national laws, regulations and standards. At present, some enterprise construction projects implement the "three simultaneities" examination and approval system, leaving hidden dangers of accidents without safety evaluation and safety demonstration; Not equipped with necessary labor protection articles according to regulations, and some enterprises adopt the method of price comparison procurement to reduce costs, resulting in poor quality of labor protection articles purchased; If there is no social insurance for work-related injuries, employees who have suffered accidents or occupational diseases cannot get medical treatment, vocational rehabilitation and economic compensation. Some enterprises do not carry out work-related injury appraisal and do not enjoy work-related injury treatment. What is more serious is that the labor contract will be terminated if the work injury or suspected occupational disease is caused. Many enterprises lack necessary safety warning signs, and the design, manufacture, installation, use, testing, maintenance and transformation of safety equipment and special equipment do not meet national standards or industry standards until they are scrapped; Using backward technology and equipment, the safety conditions are extremely poor, the dust and noise seriously exceed the standard, the ventilation does not meet the requirements, and the lighting is poor or insufficient. Employees work under such conditions that there is no guarantee of safe production, which leads to a high incidence of casualties and occupational diseases. Fourth, the workers' cultural quality is low, and they lack awareness of safety and self-protection. The cultural and technical quality of Chinese workers is generally low, and they lack safety training at the stage of education and safety education when they take part in work. Moreover, most workers still consider how to earn money to support their families, hoping to earn more money to improve their economic life, ignoring the simple truth that peace is happiness. In addition, a large proportion of production safety accidents (including occupational diseases) occur in migrant workers who are in a state of tension from rural environment to unfamiliar industrial environment; Some migrant workers (especially seasonal workers recruited during busy production hours) go to work without training, or even engage in some special or dangerous operations, lacking basic knowledge of safety production and self-protection, and there are many problems: First, illegal operations, such as industrial gas cylinders without shockproof rings and protective caps, slamming and bumping, and barbaric operations; Latchers wears gloves illegally and doesn't wear glasses everywhere; What is more serious is that unlicensed personnel are engaged in special operations such as driving, forklift, painting, electric welding and electrician. Second, many workers lack safety knowledge and awareness, think that it is unnecessary to wear and use labor protection articles, and often do not wear or use labor protection articles correctly according to regulations, resulting in personal injuries and occupational diseases from time to time. Five, the responsibility system for production safety is not implemented, and the rules and regulations for production safety exist in name only. The responsibility system for production safety is the most basic safety management system of enterprises, which refers to the responsibilities that all kinds of personnel at all levels should bear in production safety. Safety production rules and regulations are important means for enterprises to do a good job in safety production and ensure its normal operation. Many enterprises have a wrong view that the responsibility system for safety is a matter for safety departments and safety managers, and has little to do with other departments and personnel; Some enterprises "are not strict with safety work and fail to implement it in place", and there is a phenomenon of "it is important to say it, but it is secondary to do it. It is unnecessary to be busy and do it again if something goes wrong". There was no accident, and the safety problems raised by the safety department were diluted by the busy production, which could not attract enough attention from the leaders. The rules and regulations of many enterprises cannot be revised in time according to the development and changes of the situation. The rules and regulations taken out in the inspection were formulated more than ten years ago in the era of planned economy, which has long been out of line with the needs of enterprise development. The rectification of hidden dangers of accidents in some enterprises is not in place, the problems raised in each inspection cannot be seriously rectified, and effective preventive measures are not formulated, resulting in frequent accidents. Many enterprises undertake contracting or leasing, but some contractors and individuals do not have the conditions for safe production or the corresponding qualifications. For example, special operators work without a license, toxic and harmful operators do not have safety protection articles, and do not carry out occupational health examination. Chapter III Methods of Safety Management in Construction Sites Construction sites are mostly open-air and high-altitude operations, with poor production and living conditions, relatively low quality of employees and high mobility. It is an industry with frequent industrial accidents, and the main causes of industrial accidents are the mismatch between safety management, safety education, people, machines and environment. In the process of project management at each construction site, we should adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first", do a good job in comprehensive safety management at the construction site, improve the management mechanism of the safety management system at the construction site, and ensure safe production at the construction site. The principle of "safety first, prevention first" is to ensure safety, and prevention first is to take prevention as the primary guiding ideology, that is, practical measures must be taken to prevent the occurrence of various safety accidents in the production activities of construction projects, and timely measures should be taken to eliminate hidden dangers of safety accidents. First, adhere to the regularity of safety education. In the safety management of construction sites, safety inspections are conducted at various construction sites, and project managers, managers and workers are organized to comment on the outstanding problems in the inspections. Based on the project manager's responsibility system and focusing on the standardized management on site, the prevention consciousness of the construction site management personnel is improved. Regularly, irregularly and pertinently carry out safety education for all employees, learn the laws and regulations related to safety production, promote safety precautions and deepen safety management on the construction site. Due to the frequent movement of employees in and out of the construction site, in the project management, three-level admission education is adopted at any time, tracking education is carried out for different construction stages and employees' ideological reality, and targeted education is carried out for temporary power consumption and falling from a height, so as to enhance the awareness of all employees and sound the safety alarm. Second, pay attention to the norms of safety behavior, organize construction according to scientific laws, abide by construction safety regulations and standards, and be bound as the code of conduct for organizing construction on the construction site. We regulate its behavior from two levels. First of all, managers are required to strictly implement the laws and standards on construction safety management promulgated by national and local construction authorities, and implement various management systems of enterprises. Before construction, explain the technical requirements for safe construction to the operation team and workers in detail, and both parties will sign for confirmation, and the safety officer will check and implement them every day. Second, the operating layer and workers are required to abide by the mandatory standards, rules and regulations and operating procedures for safe production, and correctly use labor safety protection appliances, machinery and equipment, etc. It is forbidden to operate illegally and take risks recklessly. Construct a safety guarantee system combining special groups in the construction site. Third, highlight the pertinence of safety protection, sort out and abstract the hidden dangers that may breed accidents on the construction site, and formulate preventive countermeasures and measures. When compiling the construction organization design, the safety management points of the construction site should be clearly expressed. And the preparation of safety technical measures, construction temporary electricity, foundation pit support, earthwork excavation, formwork, scaffolding, hoisting and other engineering construction schemes. Standardize the protection of important parts such as foundation pit excavation, hole edge, stairs, access openings and other space parts, find hidden dangers in time and make rectification through irregular inspection, and constantly improve the construction safety technical scheme. Effectively eliminate safety production accidents in the bud. Fourth, enhance the initiative of safety management. Construction safety management should be carried out first, planned early and arranged early, so as to supervise and inspect the whole process. Before construction, we set the above-mentioned project as a provincial double-excellent site for target management, and improve various safety production management measures and systems before construction to prevent problems in advance. The employees who enter the construction site shall first be educated on safety production and compliance with operating procedures, and then the safety technical disclosure of each division and sub-project shall be carried out, so that all employees can be familiar with various rules and regulations, consciously abide by safety rules and regulations and operating procedures, and enhance their awareness of self-prevention. Strengthen supervision and scope, and effectively control safety management objectives. Chapter IV Preventive Measures for Safety Management in Construction. To improve the safety awareness of construction workers in an all-round way, we should firmly establish the principle of safety production first, take professional safety knowledge as the content, and take administrative rewards and laws and regulations as the means to comprehensively improve the safety awareness of construction workers, constantly improve their own safety prevention ability, and clarify the relationship between responsibility, right and benefit in safety production, so as to achieve the best safety benefits of construction. The specific measures are as follows: 1. Strengthen the daily education and training of professional safety knowledge and technology, educate with typical safety cases and accident lessons, and make careful analysis and discussion with reference to laws and regulations. 2. Regular education and safety education and training must be regular and institutionalized. It is necessary to carry out regular universal education throughout the whole management process, and adopt multi-level, multi-channel and multi-form education methods according to the different characteristics of the educated objects, and achieve good results. Targeted disclosure to ensure VI. Safety inspection is created by the working class in China in practice. It is a concrete application of labor protection and an effective measure to promote labor protection. It includes not only the regular inspection of production hygiene by enterprises themselves, but also the regular inspection jointly organized by local labor departments and industry authorities. You can also carry out major safety and health inspections, and you can also carry out professional or seasonal inspections for a certain problem, such as heatstroke prevention and cooling, electrical safety, etc. Third, actively organize all kinds of managers to attend safety lectures and visit commended projects. 3. By attaching importance to personnel management, establishing mechanisms and perfecting systems, we will create a safety culture for construction enterprises. 4. Implement a three-level education system for new workers' entrance safety: all newly recruited contract workers and assigned interns and trainees will receive first-level safety education by the company, second-level safety education by the project management department, and third-level safety education by the site builders and team leaders (or representatives of labor services and outsourcing units). 5. Improve working conditions and working environment, and reduce the occurrence of casualty accidents and occupational diseases. Second, clarify the person responsible for project safety production. After the construction enterprise signs the project contract, the safety management shall be carried out simultaneously with other work. It is necessary to clarify the person responsible for project safety production according to law, and clarify that the project manager is fully responsible for safety control. It is necessary to formulate the key points of safety management and define the commitments and objectives of construction safety. Prepare the project safety plan, establish the responsibility system for production safety, and improve the safety guarantee system. Third, do a good job in safety management before and during construction. The construction safety of the project is produced in the production process, so it is necessary to "put prevention first" and do a good job in preparation before construction and supervision and management during construction. 1. Make preparations before construction. The preparation for construction safety should be carried out step by step. The first is to do a good job of investigation and research before construction. Investigate and record the topography and geomorphological features of the site, and find out the factors that may cause potential safety hazards in time. And according to the site records, design documents to do a good job in the preparation of safety technical measures, as well as on-site safety warning. Secondly, in the preparation stage of construction production, managers of construction enterprises should conduct safety education, implement safety technical training and assessment, and make safety technical disclosure according to the characteristics of construction projects and accident-prone places. 2. Pay close attention to the implementation of the construction safety production plan. The project department should establish a responsibility system for production safety, and decompose the safety responsibility objectives into posts and implement them to people. And according to different construction projects and conditions, reasonable organization of human, financial and material resources, to ensure the safety of construction and production. The specific requirements are as follows: (1) Follow the principle of "construction according to drawings", fully understand and master the requirements of design documents and the contents of safety technical measures. (2) Do a good job in safety team education in advance, check safety protection before construction, and establish the idea that "the next working procedure can be carried out only after safety protection has been improved". (3) Do a good job in the acceptance of various safety protection and stress support systems, such as shaft supports, scaffolding and various supports. (4) The unloading platform and other parts subjected to conventional live load shall be built according to the safe calculation mode. (5) Grasp the whole construction dynamics, and timely discover and correct illegal operations and behaviors. 3. Ensure the quality of material supply. For all kinds of raw materials, the materials department should establish and improve the system of inspection and acceptance and sampling inspection before entering the site. Therefore, it is required that material engineers and technicians should strengthen their technical business study, master the quality standards and performance of commonly used materials, be familiar with the provisions of material storage and transportation, and keep and stack materials in different categories. All unqualified materials are not allowed to be transported to the construction site to ensure that the materials will not cause construction safety problems. 4. The maintenance of electric power, machines and tools, equipment first stipulates that its operators must undergo pre-job training and hold post certificates issued by relevant government functional departments. Secondly, we should strictly implement the operating rules and abide by the operating system and discipline. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the management system and archives to realize the standardization and institutionalization of management. Five, timely investigation, nip in the bud, timely formulate corrective measures. Managers of construction enterprises should be good at summing up past safety lessons, finding out "common diseases" and "stubborn diseases" and formulating corresponding rectification measures. In daily construction, when potential safety hazards are found, the causes should be analyzed on site, corrected immediately and rectified within a time limit. The implementation process and effect of preventive measures and corrective measures shall be tracked and verified, and verification records shall be kept. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the reward and punishment system to promote construction safety production by means of economic assistance. Six, regularly carry out summary meetings, and carry out post-event summary of construction safety management. It is necessary to incorporate the post-event summary of construction safety into the industrialization and legalization of the system, so that all staff of construction enterprises can seriously review the achievements and shortcomings of safety management in project management, improve safety quality, enhance safety concepts, and persistently ensure construction safety. The specific methods are as follows: first, formulate a standardized format for construction safety management summary and incorporate it into the completion acceptance conditions of construction projects. The second is to establish and improve the construction safety management summary file, standardize and guide the daily construction safety management of the project manager. The third is to establish an early warning and supervision system for the summary content of construction safety management to ensure the smooth development of the construction safety management system in the project construction. Fourth, implement the system of summary, publicity and evaluation of construction safety management, promote the application and popularization of good construction safety management experience, and earnestly absorb the problems and lessons existing in construction safety management. To sum up, the safety management of the construction site is an arduous task, but as long as we improve our ideological understanding, improve the management organization, improve the safety system, formulate comprehensive and targeted safety measures according to the specific conditions of the project, establish the idea of nip in the bud, and pay close attention to implementation, then the safety accidents in our construction site will be greatly reduced, which is of great significance to enterprises and individuals. Safety work has a long way to go. In the construction process, we should always sound the safety alarm for everyone and awaken the sense of safety and responsibility. If you invest more and be more serious, it will be possible to avoid an accident, avoid a disaster and increase the efficiency of the enterprise. Why not? Do a good job in safety.