Big farmers, ranchers and capitalists made a lot of money during the Great Depression in the United States: Roosevelt's government demanded reducing cultivated land, slaughtering livestock and reducing production. And the loss part, the government funded compensation. Because land, animal husbandry and products are in the hands of big capitalists and ranchers, they rely on their original capital to make profits.
Yongke capitalists and arms dealers. The former was that Weimar government gave high subsidies to reverse the decline during the crisis, but it ended without results. The latter was caused by Hitler's slogan that he wanted cannons instead of butter.
Britain used the vast number of overseas colonies to exchange sovereignty for privileges, recognized colonial sovereignty, but reserved privileges and dumped goods. On the other hand, France uses foreign loans to charge high interest. But it is the big capitalists who can make a profit.
1. TheGreatDepression refers to the economic crisis of 1929 to 1933, which originated in the United States and later spread to the whole capitalist world, including the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Japan. This crisis has the characteristics of long duration, wide scope and strong destructive power, and its root lies in the basic contradiction of capitalist system, that is, the contradiction between socialization of production and private ownership of capitalist means of production.
Second, the Great Depression is the longest economic depression in modern society, which not only led to long-term large-scale unemployment, but also changed social relations, destroyed the ruling government, helped the Nazi party come to power, and finally led to the outbreak of World War II.
Third, Britain was a creditor before the war, but it used the income from overseas investment and loans to pay its long-term surplus. On the contrary, the United States usually has a trade surplus, and the increase of this trade surplus is due to domestic political reasons to keep tariffs at a high level.
Fourth, in addition, in the 1920s, because many countries paid war debts, funds kept flowing into the United States. Between 19 13 and 1924, the gold reserves of the United States increased from192.4 billion dollars to 4.499 billion dollars, which is half of the total gold reserves in the world. In recent years, this imbalance has been offset by the large-scale loans and investments of the United States overseas; From 1925 to 1928, the average annual foreign investment of the United States reached 1 1 billion dollars.
Fifth, of course, this situation has finally strengthened the imbalance and cannot last indefinitely. Due to due payment, debtor countries have to reduce their imports from the United States, and some economic sectors in the United States, especially agriculture, have also been damaged. In addition, some people think that they must default on their debts, which has shaken some financial companies in the United States.
6. The imbalance of American economy is as serious as that of international economy, and the fundamental reason is that wages lag behind the improvement of productivity. From 1920 to 1929, the hourly wage of workers only increased by 2%, while the productivity of factory workers soared by 55%. At the same time, due to the decline in agricultural product prices, the increase in taxes and living expenses, the actual income of farmers is also decreasing.
19 10 In July, the income of each farm worker was less than 40% of that of non-farm workers, but by 1930, the proportion was less than 30%. This kind of poverty in rural areas is a serious problem, because the agricultural population accounted for one-fifth of the total population at that time.
8. The weakness of American banking industry is the last factor leading to the crash of 1929 stock market. At that time, many independent banks were operating, and some banks lacked sufficient financial resources to overcome the financial turmoil. Therefore, when a bank goes bankrupt, panic spreads, and depositors will flock to other banks to withdraw their deposits, thus triggering a chain reaction that destroys the entire financial structure.