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What influence did the First World War have on human social life?
The First World War lasted more than four years. More than 30 countries and 654.38+0.5 billion people were involved in the war, which caused great material and spiritual losses to mankind.

The great achievement of the First World War was that it severely weakened the power of imperialism and destroyed the ancient feudal empires in Europe, such as the Russian Empire, a Christian orthodox country in Eastern Europe, the German Empire, a Protestant country in Central Europe, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a dual monarchy of Christianity and Catholicism in Central Europe and the northwest Balkans.

Imperialist countries such as Britain, France and Italy were weakened, and the Ottoman Empire, which once spanned Europe, Asia and Africa, also disintegrated.

At the end of the war, the Russian proletariat on the eastern border of Europe opened a weak link in the imperialist chain and won the Russian socialist revolution in 10. At the beginning of the war, the proletarian revolutionary movement in capitalist countries and the national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America appeared a new situation with climax after climax.

Extended data

history

65438+At the end of 2009 and the beginning of 1920s, under the influence of the unbalanced development of capitalist economy and politics, imperialist countries launched a fierce struggle for world hegemony and colonies. The contradictions among European powers are complicated, but there are three basic contradictions, namely, the contradiction between France and Germany, the contradiction between Russia and Austria and the contradiction between Britain and Germany.

Franco-German contradiction

The contradiction between France and Germany is very sharp. France, defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, lost its original hegemony in Western and Central Europe, and all walks of life in China unanimously demanded revenge. In order to prevent France from making a comeback, Germany greatly expanded its armaments.

Russia-Austria contradiction

The contradiction between Russia and Austria is manifested in the struggle for the Balkans. Over the years, Russia, under the banner of Slavism, has expanded to the Yugoslav populated areas in the Balkans, and the sovereign state of Central Europe, Austria-Hungary, has also expanded to the northwest of the Balkans, fearing that the Yugoslavs under its rule will become independent from the rule of Austria-Hungary.

Contradiction between Britain and Germany

Starting from the traditional foreign policy, Britain strives to maintain the balance of power on the European continent, and neither wants Germany to be too strong nor wants to see Russia's power expand excessively in the Balkans. With the intensification of the conflict on the colonial issue, the contradiction between Britain and Germany began to intensify and gradually became the main contradiction between imperialist countries.

19 In the 1970s and 1980s, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy established triple alliance against Russia and France. 1879, under the impetus of Bismarck, Germany and Austria signed the Treaty of Alliance, which was obviously anti-Russian.

Later, because Italy failed in the struggle with France for Tunisia, Bismarck took the opportunity to woo Italy against France. 1882, Germany, Austria and Italy signed an alliance treaty, and triple alliance was formally established. Germany became the core of triple alliance.

"three-nation alliance"

Russian-French alliance

In order to deal with "triple alliance", France and Russia reached a military agreement in 1892, stipulating that once France is attacked by Germany or Italy supported by Germany, Russia will attack Germany with all its military strength, and once Russia is attacked by Germany or Austria-Hungary supported by Germany, France will attack Germany with all its military strength.

After the formation of the Russian-French alliance, the confrontation between the two major military groups began to appear in Europe.

This is also the first step towards the tripartite agreement. With the contradiction between Britain and Germany becoming the main contradiction between imperialism, Britain adjusted its relations with France and Russia, and signed the Anglo-French Agreement and the Anglo-Russian Agreement in 1904 and 1907 respectively, thus two major military blocs in Europe were finally formed.

1965438+On June 28th, 2004 (Serbia's National Day), Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, the Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, were shot and killed by Serbian youth Gaffry Joe Princip while visiting Sarajevo. Become the fuse of World War I.

A month later, with the support of Germany, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia under the pretext of Sarajevo incident. Then Germany, Russia, France and Britain went to war one after another. The warring parties are Germany and Austria-Hungary, the allies, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, which support them. On the other side are allies Britain, France and Russia, and Serbia, Belgium, Italy, Japan and other countries that support them.

Italy, which was originally an ally, joined the Allies for its interests.

In order to expand its influence in East Asia and invade China, Japan declared war on Germany in 19 14 under the pretext of the anglo-japanese alliance concluded in 1902, and quickly occupied Germany's sphere of influence in Shandong, China.

After the outbreak of World War I, the war was mainly fought on the European battlefield. Britain, France, Belgium and other countries' armies fought against the German West Line and Russian troops fought against the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German East Line, which played a decisive role.

The war can be divided into three stages:

19 14 was the first stage of the war. This year, according to the Schrieffen plan made before the war, the Germans first launched a large-scale attack on the western front. Due to the fierce resistance of French, British and Belgian troops in the Battle of the Marne River and the Russian attack on the Eastern Front, the German quick war plan went bankrupt. The two sides in the western front fought in trenches, confronted each other for a long time and turned to positional warfare.

1915 ~1916 was the second stage of the war. As both sides regarded 19 16 as a decisive year, three large-scale land wars took place this year, namely the Battle of Verdun on the western front, the Battle of the Somme on the eastern front and the Russian summer offensive. At sea, after the Jutland naval battle, Britain still firmly controlled the sea power. At this stage, the strategic initiative of the war was transferred to the side of the allies.

1917 ~1918 is the third stage of the war. 19 17 years, the United States participated in the war against Germany, and China and other countries also participated in the war one after another. The number of allies increased to 27, and Russia broke out the "February Revolution" and "October Revolution" and withdrew from the imperialist war.

191811In June, Germany declared its surrender, and the First World War ended in the defeat of the Allies.

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