Abbreviation note:
(1) Before abbreviation, you must read the article several times to understand the content and grasp the main points. Only by understanding and grasping the center of the article can we do the abbreviation without deviating from the theme.
(2) Abbreviation cannot change the central idea of the original text. Abbreviated articles are more concise than the original, but they must not modify the central idea of the original, or even set up another center.
(3) Grasp the main content of the original text. Read the original text carefully before abbreviation, and on the basis of a preliminary understanding of the full text, summarize the main contents of the article with concise sentences, distinguish between primary and secondary, and highlight the key points. Write the main content in detail and the secondary content briefly.
(4) Keep the main plot of the original text. Abbreviations must make the original story very clear.
(5) Section by section
Model essay 1: abbreviation "grass boat borrows arrows."
Zhou Yu was very jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent.
One day, when Zhou Yu was discussing military affairs, he suggested Zhuge Liang to make 654.38 million arrows and said not to turn them away. Zhuge Liang said that he was entrusted by the viceroy to do it, promised to build it within three days, and issued a military order. Zhuge Liang borrowed a boat, a sergeant and a straw handle from Lu Su afterwards.
On the third day, Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to fetch the arrow together. On this day, it was foggy all over the sky, and the people across the street could not be seen clearly. Before dawn, Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to sail and let the soldiers beat drums and shout. Cao Cao ordered that the fog was heavy and the truth could not be seen clearly. Don't go out easily. Tell the crossbowman to shoot an arrow at the approaching ship. The sun has come out and the fog has not dispersed. The sides of the boat were covered with arrows. Zhuge Liang ordered Li to return to Li, but Cao Cao chased him too late.
65438+100000 arrows were "borrowed". Zhou Yu sighed after learning the story of borrowing an arrow: I'm really not as good as him!
Mode 2: Abbreviation "the little scribe"
Liu Chang, Class 4, Grade 6, Han Shi Primary School, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province
Souriau is a fifth-grade primary school student, aged 12. His father is a railway worker, and his family lives in poverty. Recently, souriau learned that his father had written a letter for the magazine. Sulio wanted to write behind his back, but his father didn't agree.
One night, after his father fell asleep, Sulio quietly wrote a label for his father. The next day, my father happily earned more money, and Sulio was also very happy after listening. Since then, Syrio has to get up every night to help his father copy labels, which leads to his lack of sleep and fatigue in doing homework. Dad was angry with him from the constant reminder to the end, but Syrio couldn't help getting up every night to help dad copy.
Once, souriau helped his father copy the label and accidentally dropped a book on the ground. His father followed Sulio silently, filled with regret and love. He hugged his son's head and said, "I see, everything is clear!" " "
Model essay 3: The abbreviation Xiaojie Rain is coming.
There is a village in Lu Hua in the north of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region, where Yulai, who is 12 years old, lives. Yulai likes swimming very much, and her swimming skills are superb.
Rain comes to night school, and the teacher teaches students to read "We are from China, and we love our motherland."
One day, the devils came to "mop up" and dad went to that area to gather. Later, mom went out, too. Suddenly, Uncle Li, a traffic policeman, came in, removed the half-full chaff jar and hid it. When the rain came, he immediately moved the jar back to its original place. The devil came in, and the rain immediately ran to the backyard, and finally ran to the backyard, and was finally caught.
The devil took out a lollipop and a gold ring and asked the rain to tell him where Uncle Li was, even if it was to die. The devil was angry, stretched out a pair of talons-like hands and twisted the rain's ears to both sides. The rain staggered on the cupboard, and blood dripped from the nose on a few lines of the textbook: "We are from China, and we love our motherland." Even so, the rain gritted his teeth and said, "I didn't see it!" " "The devil was so angry that he said he would shoot rain.
Gunshots rang out on the river on the way back, and everyone thought the rain was coming to die. Uncle Li didn't see the rain coming to move the jar, so he went out through another passage. I just know that the rain is going to die! But there is a small head beside the reed, and the rain is still alive!
Fan Wen 4: abbreviation of Yang Haofan's Five Strong Men of Langya Mountain.
194 1 year, after more than a month of war, the Seventh Company and the Japanese aggressors prepared to move from Langya Mountain to Longwang Temple, and handed over the task of protecting the masses and transferring the company to Class Six.
Five soldiers led the enemy to Langya Mountain and used dangerous terrain to knock him down again and again. All five brave men were absorbed in the battle.
They successfully completed the cover task, but did not catch up with the company, but climbed to the chessboard mound, where there were cliffs on three sides, and they wanted to lead the enemy to a dead end.
Five brave men shot while climbing the mountain. When they reached Qipaituo, they continued shooting. When there were no bullets, they were stoned, and many enemies fell into the mountain stream.
A group of enemies jumped up again. The monitor threw the last Grenade at the enemy and the enemy group exploded. When the companions left, five brave people jumped off the cliff one by one. Their heroic slogan resounded through Langya Mountain:
"Down with Japanese imperialism!"
"Long live China!"
This is the unyielding voice of the heroic people of China, which is earth-shattering and magnificent. Abbreviations.
2. How to abbreviate the so-called abbreviation in the composition is to re-express the meaning of the article in concise language and compress a long article into a short story.
The principle of abbreviation is: leave the trunk and remove the branches and leaves. The so-called trunk refers to the main content of the article, and the so-called branches and leaves refer to the details and materials that help to express the center.
Only by grasping the backbone when abbreviating an article can we not destroy the integrity of the article and convey the central idea of the original text. When abbreviating articles, we should pay attention to the following points: First, read the original text carefully and make clear its content.
Before abbreviation, you must read the original text carefully, clarify the hierarchical structure, grasp the main content, grasp the central idea and grasp the main points of the article. Only when you have a thorough understanding of the original content and know what you are doing, the abbreviated article will not go out of line.
Second, the abbreviation should grasp the main content of the original text. An article has important parts and unimportant parts. Before abbreviation, you should read it and find out the important part of the article.
When abbreviating, the key plots should be clearly stated, and the non-key parts can be omitted or omitted. However, the time, place, people, reasons and other factors that promote the development of things cannot be omitted.
Third, we should keep the genre and center of the original text. Abbreviations should be based on the structural framework of the original text, maintaining the expression, person, central idea and language characteristics of the original text, and should not change the original content at will, let alone add the original text at will.
In order to restore without changing the original intention, we can change the long sentences in the original text into short sentences, change the dialogue into direct reporting, and sum up several sentences into one sentence. Fourth, we should pay attention to the standardization of abbreviated composition.
Abbreviations are not summaries of content. Although the abbreviated composition is shorter than the original, it must be linked into an article with complete structure and clear center, so that the full text becomes an organic whole, small but not chaotic. This requires students to carefully conceive before writing, determine the level and details of the article, and preferably list the outline.
Abbreviated composition training can not only improve students' reading comprehension, analysis and comprehensive ability, but also improve students' ability to master language.
3. Composition abbreviation & gt
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, so he threatened Zhuge Liang with 100 thousand arrows needed for military work in ten days. Who knows that Zhuge Liang made a written military order, promised to build it in three days, and left. So Zhou Yu sent Lu Su to inquire about Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang met Lu Su and asked Lu Su to help prepare twenty clippers. He was not allowed to tell Zhou Yu. When Lu Su met Zhou Yu, he really didn't mention it. Zhuge Liang did not move two days ago. On the third day, at four o'clock, Zhuge Liang quietly invited Lu Su to the boat to get the arrow together! The ship is heading for the north shore. Near the Shuizhai in Cao Jun, Zhuge Liang ordered the bow to face west and the stern to face east. Let the soldiers beat drums and shout. Because of the fog on the river, suspicious Cao Cao dared not make a move, so he could only let the crossbowman shoot at Zhuge Liang's more than 20 warships. Later, Zhuge Liang made the bow face east and the tail face west, and continued to collect arrows. It's almost dawn, but the fog hasn't dispersed yet. Zhuge Liang's ship is full of arrows! After borrowing the arrow, Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to sail back to the south bank. Because the ship had traveled more than twenty miles, it was too late for Cao Cao to chase it. After Zhou Yu learned through Lu Su that Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow, he admired it very much.
4. How to abbreviate the methods and steps of writing abbreviated sentences?
(1) Read the original sentence carefully and understand its meaning.
(2) Find out the main part of the sentence "who" (what), "what" or "how" (subject, predicate and object), and delete the secondary parts (definite, form and complement).
(3) Check whether it is simplified to the simplest sentence and whether it retains the main meaning of the original sentence.
3. Matters needing attention when writing short sentences
(1) Abbreviated sentences should retain the basic meaning of the original sentence, and the sentence pattern cannot be changed. For example, "My brother has a nice haircut". If it is abbreviated as "my brother is beautiful", it should be abbreviated as "beautiful hairstyle". It is wrong because it changes the original meaning of the sentence.
(2) Remove all the modifiers in the sentence, that is, the so-called branches and leaves, and try not to be a little, but a little. For example, "He told you a detailed story in great detail." It should be abbreviated as "the story he told." If it is abbreviated as "he told everyone what happened." Or "He told this story." All abbreviations are incomplete, incomplete and incorrect. But some special sentences can't delete all the "branches and leaves". For example, "My classmate Chen's mother turned out to be the sister of my neighbor Uncle Wang." It should be abbreviated as "Chen's mother is uncle Wang's sister." If it is abbreviated as "mother is sister", it will become a joke, so what kind of branches and leaves to remove depends on the content of the sentence.
(3) The negative words such as "no, no, no" in the sentence should be kept when the sentence is abbreviated, and cannot be removed, otherwise the original intention of the sentence may be reversed. For example, "I didn't find the bag containing the books in the house" should be abbreviated as "I didn't find the bag". If you remove "no", it will become "I found the bag", which is quite different from the original sentence. This is a big mistake.
(4) The modal particles such as "zhe, le, guo" after the predicate and "ah, mo, ya, ni" after the object in the sentence should be kept. If removed, the structure, sentence pattern, tone and emotion of the sentence may be changed. For example, "the calm water suddenly ripples." It can be abbreviated as "water is rippling". Another example is "the heavy rain last night was really a timely rain!" It can be abbreviated as "this heavy rain is timely!" Only in this way can the original sentence and the abbreviated sentence be consistent in emotion and tone.
Sentence component "jingle"
Subject-predicate object, definite complement,
The main branches and leaves are clearly divided;
The basic components are subject, predicate and object,
The joint components are complementary in shape;
Attributes must appear before hosts and guests,
The former is a form and the latter is a complement;
Six relationships are clearly distinguished,
There are several mistakes in the analysis.