"Renaissance" refers to an ideological and cultural enlightenment movement that took place in Europe from14th century to16th century (some people say14th century to17th century). Known as a milestone in opening modern western civilization. Renaissance is one of the most important and brilliant periods in the development of culture and art in western history. Western painting represented by oil painting has achieved unprecedented development in this period. From the foundation to maturity, classical oil painting has produced a large number of outstanding painting masters, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, giorgione and Caramacho, which has become the most brilliant chapter in the history of western art.

Renaissance painting takes the revival of ancient Greek and Roman art as the slogan, and advocates the liberation of human nature by spreading the humanism that "man is the master of the world". In form, it creates classical realistic techniques and expressions that people love to see and hear, and in content, it endows oil painting with rich humanistic spirit. Its main style features are as follows:

First, take realism as the creative principle, and pursue the rigorous, scientific and realistic image of oil painting. It is put forward that "sketch is the basis of oil painting and all plastic arts", and the relationship between focus perspective, anatomy, light and shadow and color is applied to oil painting creation, gradually forming a complete theoretical system of classical realistic oil painting creation.

Secondly, under the framework of classical realism, various styles and characteristics have been formed. For example, Leonardo da Vinci's preciseness and delicacy, Michelangelo's boldness and boldness, Raphael's gentleness and harmony, giorgione's tranquility and elegance, Titian's dignity and quietness, Caramaggio's dynamic and unrestrained, etc. In a big way, they are all classical realistic oil paintings, but in specific works, they show different personality styles of artists.

Thirdly, taking religious historical myths as the theme and expressing them in the name of God actually reflects people's thoughts, desires and pursuits in real life. For example, Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna among the Rocks, Raphael's Madonna, Giorgione's Sleeping Venus, Titian's Love in Heaven and Secular Love, etc. They are all based on the myths and legends of ancient Greece and Rome, with the legendary gods as the main body, but in fact they clearly express a kind and warm humanity and people's desire and yearning for a better life.