Where the voltage is changed. It is the place where the voltage and current of electric energy are converted, concentrated and distributed in the power system. In order to ensure power quality and equipment safety, voltage regulation, power flow control (the direction and distribution of voltage, current and power of each node and branch in the power system) and protection of transmission and distribution lines and main electrical equipment are also needed in the substation.

There are power distribution devices with different voltages, power transformers, control, protection, measurement, signal and communication facilities and secondary loop power supply in the substation. Some substations are also equipped with shunt capacitors, shunt reactors, static reactive power compensation devices, series capacitor compensation devices and synchronous phase regulators. Due to reactive power balance, system stability and overvoltage limitation.

Extended data

Substation layout requirements

1, easy to operate, easy to maintain, easy to maintain. A separate duty room should be set up for the substation with people on duty. The duty room should be as close as possible to the high and low voltage distribution room, and there is a door through it. The substation on duty day and night should be equipped with lounge, toilet and water supply and drainage facilities. Electrical devices such as transformers, high-voltage and low-voltage switchgear should have sufficient safe clear distance and operation and maintenance channels.

2. Easy access. If it is a high-voltage overhead incoming line, the high-voltage distribution room should be located at the incoming line side. The low-voltage outlet current of transformer is relatively large, and generally rectangular bare bus is adopted, so the installation position of transformer should be close to the low-voltage distribution room. Low-voltage distribution should be located at the outlet side.

3. Ensure safe operation. The doors of high and low voltage distribution rooms and capacitors should be opened to the duty room or outward. When the substation adopts double-layer layout, the transformer should be located at the bottom.

4. Save land and construction costs. When the dry-type transformer has a protective shell not less than IP2X, it can be installed in the same room as the high and low voltage power distribution devices, while the three-phase oil-immersed transformer should be installed in a separate power distribution room when the oil content exceeds 100kg.

5. Adapt to development requirements. An appropriate number of standby positions of switch cabinets (screens) shall be reserved in the high and low voltage distribution room. When the distribution room is expanded, the possibility of replacing a transformer with larger capacity should be considered.

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