The origin of Xiangshan's name
There are two explanations for the origin of the name of Xiangshan: one explanation is based on the historical data "Xiangshan Ai 'an Ji": Xiangshan: there are big stones like incense burners on the mountain, so it is named Xiangshan; . Another explanation, according to the literature "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital", is that Xiangshan is the source of apricot flowers. Legend has it that Xiangshan area is also called Xinghua Mountain, which is also called Xiangshan because it is fragrant and refreshing. In fact, these two statements reflect the real situation of Xiangshan from different angles. Introduction of main landscapes
Beijing Xiangshan has unique natural resources. There are more than 280,000 trees in the park, including more than 5,800 ancient and famous trees, accounting for about a quarter of the urban area of Beijing, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 98%. In recent years, it has been identified as one of the regions with the highest negative oxygen ions in Beijing. Birds are singing and insects are singing in the park, streams are gurgling, squirrels are playing in the ravine forest, and man and nature live in harmony. In the late autumn, 654.38+ 1 100 million cotinus coggygria forests are all dyed magnificently, becoming the strongest autumn color in Beijing. The red leaves of Xiangshan Mountain in Beijing are pets in autumn. Every late autumn, the dazzling red leaves in the morning glow add infinite charm to autumn. Throughout the ages, people are used to closely linking the beautiful maple leaves with the golden autumn. As the saying goes:
Xiangshan song
The mountain forest faces the city blankly,
Red leaves and yellow flowers belong to Yichuan.
Wild water takes advantage of people's appointment,
Chang Song doesn't know the year when he read the world.
-Zhou Ang, an academician of the Jin Dynasty, wrote this poem about Xiangshan, which depicts a charming picture of autumn leaves in Xiangshan. It is really a swan song sung by autumn scenery in Xiangshan, Beijing.
The garden history of Xiangshan can be traced back to 1700 years ago. According to legend, the earliest human landscape in Xiangshan began in the Western Jin Dynasty, when a Taoist priest named Ge Zhichuan who practiced Dan was named Hong (284-364). He chose this place with abundant trees and beautiful scenery, lived in a cave, built a Dan furnace with grass and explored the road to longevity.
Since then, emperors have built palaces and gardens here. In the twenty-sixth year of Jin Dading 1 186, the emperor built a palace and Xiangshan Temple here. According to Records of Sejong in Di Chin, in February of the 26th year of Dading (1 186), Xiangshan Temple was named Daianji. It was expanded in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was the residence of royal tourists.
As a royal garden, Xiangshan was built on a large scale during the Qianlong period. Large-scale construction began in Qianlong 10 (1745), and pavilions were built here, which are famous for 28 scenic spots in Beijing. Later, a wall was built and named Jingyi Garden. Jingyi Garden (Xiangshan), Jingming Garden (Yuquan Mountain), Qingyi Garden (Wanshou Mountain), Yuanmingyuan Garden and Changchun Garden are famous three mountains and five gardens in western Beijing, with 28 scenes:
Qin Zhengtang, Zhu Lilou, Lv Yun Boat, Xu Langzhai, Zhang Luoyan, Cuiwei Pavilion, Wei Qing, Reindeer Slope, Toad Peak, Yun Qi Building, Zhilehao, Xiangshan Temple, Tingfasong, Laiqingxuan, Shuangshuang, Xiang Yan Room, the following table pedal, Yuruquan and Xuanxuan.
Beijing Botanical Garden is a comprehensive botanical garden integrating the functions of popular science, scientific research and sightseeing, and it is one of the national key botanical gardens.
Located between Xiangshan Park and Yuquan Mountain in Haidian District, Beijing Botanical Garden was established with the approval of the State Council in 1956. It is a large-scale comprehensive botanical garden integrating plant scientific research, plant knowledge popularization, sightseeing and leisure, germplasm conservation and promotion of new and excellent plants. Its planned area is 400 hectares, and an open tourist area of 200 hectares has been built, which consists of plant exhibition area, scenic spot, scientific research area and nature reserve. More than 654.38+500,000 plants 10000 were introduced and cultivated in the park. It covers an area of about 900 mu. With a collection of more than 3,000 species of plants, it is the largest botanical garden in northern China at present, and it is also a scientific research base specialized in theoretical research and experiment of plant introduction and domestication. The whole park is centered on the plant exhibition greenhouse, with *** 13 exhibition rooms, and more than 500 kinds of tropical and subtropical plants 1500, including precious plants such as stone flowers, bachelor trees and dancing orchids.
Buildings in the park
Beijing Botanical Garden consists of plant exhibition area, cultural landscape of historical sites, nature reserve and scientific research area.
The plant exhibition area includes ornamental plant area (special garden), arboretum, bonsai garden and greenhouse flower area. The ornamental plant area consists of 1 1 special gardens under construction, such as Peony Garden, Rose Garden, Bitao Garden, Lilac Garden, Begonia Garden, Ceramic Garden, Mulan Garden, Jixiu Garden (Bamboo Garden), Perennial Flower Garden, Peony Garden and Plum Garden. The Botanical Garden consists of Ginkgo, Pine, Maple, Tilia, Magnolia and Berberis, Platanus acerifolia and Paulownia. The scenic spots and historical sites are composed of the Sleeping Buddha Temple, Cherry Valley, Longjiao Temple Site, the "December 9" Memorial Pavilion, the Tomb of Liang Qichao, and the Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall in Huangye Village. More than 560,000 plants and 5,000 species have been introduced and cultivated in the park, covering 900,000 square meters of grass. There is a scientific research building and a popular science museum in the park. The reclining Buddha Temple, built in the Tang Dynasty, is a state-level cultural relic protection unit, which protects and displays the rare bronze statue of Sakyamuni in the Yuan Dynasty in the world. Cherry Valley is a planned nature reserve with dense trees. Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall shows Cao Xueqin's life and the scene of writing A Dream of Red Mansions in Xishan.
state of play
Beijing Botanical Garden is the introduction, domestication and breeding base of new and excellent plants designated by Beijing Bureau of Landscape Architecture. Today, Beijing Botanical Garden has begun to take shape, playing an increasingly important role in social and environmental benefits, and is increasingly loved by citizens.
In June 2000, 5438+ 10, Beijing Botanical Garden was awarded the first batch of national AAAA-level tourist attractions. In March 2002, it passed the double certification of ISO9000 quality management system and ISO 14000 environmental management system, and was the first batch of certified boutique parks. In 2004, it achieved excellent results in the evaluation of civilized industries in the capital. Botanical Garden is welcoming domestic and foreign guests with beautiful environment, excellent order, excellent service and excellent culture.
Floriculture.
There are more than 3,000 kinds of plants in Beijing Botanical Garden (referred to as South Garden for short). The main place to visit is the greenhouse exhibition area, with 13 exhibition areas and 1500 kinds of plants. Among them, tropical plants account for more than 65,438+0,000 species, including palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, Wang Lian rooms, succulents rooms, medicinal plants rooms, industrial raw materials plants, orchids, aromatic plants, tropical fruit trees and citrus plants. The arboretum here covers an area of 70,000 square meters, and contains rare China tree species, such as silver fir, American redwood and Sri Lankan bodhi tree. There are also special gardens and national herbarium.
Beijing Botanical Garden Exhibition Greenhouse
The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing Botanical Garden started construction on March 28th, 2000, and began to receive tourists on 1998 and1October 28th. The exhibition greenhouse has a building area of 9,800 square meters and covers an area of 5.5 hectares. It is the largest exhibition greenhouse in Asia and the largest single greenhouse in the world at present, with an area twice that of the Kunming World Expo, which is a masterpiece in the architectural history of China.
Greenhouse is divided into tropical rain forest room, desert plant room, orchid room, pineapple room and insect-eating plant room, four seasons garden and so on. More than 365,438+000 species of tropical and subtropical plants are displayed, and strange phenomena such as single tree becoming a forest, strangulation, roots and old stems are displayed. Exhibition greenhouse is the base of plant science education and the main place for plant resource protection and scientific research. As a landmark project for Beijing to become an international metropolis, the greenhouses in the exhibition hall are increasingly exerting great social benefits.
Beijing Botanical Garden Exhibition Greenhouse is a key project for Beijing to welcome the 50th anniversary of the founding of New China. Located on the west side of Zhongzhou Road in Botanical Garden, with a building area of 1.7 million square meters, covering an area of 5.5 hectares and an investment of 260 million yuan. The architectural design of the exhibition greenhouse is undertaken by Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute. Taking "the memory of green leaves to roots" as the design theme, the inclined glass ceiling interwoven with "roots" was skillfully designed, as if a green leaf was falling at the foot of the western mountain. The design of plant display in the exhibition room is undertaken by Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture Design and Research. The underground foundation of the exhibition greenhouse was started at the end of March. 1998. /kloc-0 completed the main steel structure and glass curtain wall in may, 1999, and opened it to the outside world in may, 2000. The exhibition greenhouse is divided into four main exhibition areas: tropical rain forest area, desert plant area, four seasons garden and characteristic plant exhibition room. More than 60,000 plants of 365,438+000 species were displayed, providing people with colorful plant landscapes, learning scientific knowledge and high-grade scenic spots. It is also a place for horticultural research and international exchange. The exhibition greenhouse project won the gold medal of the 10th National Excellent Engineering Design Project, the silver prize of the 20th National Excellent Engineering Design Project in 2003, the first prize of the 10th Beijing Excellent Engineering Design Project, and the second prize of the "Introduction Design of Large Exhibition Greenhouse Plants" project in Beijing, and was rated as one of the top ten buildings in Beijing in the 1990s.