Housi (Han Zhaolie Temple) is located in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It began in 223 AD, and Liu Beihui's mausoleum was built. It is the only temple dedicated to monarchs and ministers, a memorial place for the most famous heroes such as Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei and Shu Han, and the most influential museum of the Three Kingdoms.
Internal structure of Wu Temple
196 1 year, the State Council announced Wuhou Temple as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and in 2008, Wuhou Temple was announced as the first batch of national first-class museums. Chengdu Wuhou Temple covers an area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. It consists of three parts: the Three Kingdoms Cultural Relics Zone (Cultural Relics Zone), the Western Regions Zone (Cultural Experience Zone) and the Jinli Folk Custom Zone (Jinli Zone). Enjoy the reputation of "the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms".
Houci is the ancestral hall of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Chu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms period. It originated from Zhuge Liang's being named Wuhouxiang before his death.
In August 234, Zhuge Liang died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan (about 20 kilometers south of Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang is the prime minister of Shu Han. He was named "Hou of Wuxiang" before his death and "Hou of Zhongwu" after his death. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, but the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu has the greatest influence at present.
According to records from 0755 to 79000, after Liu Bei died in Baidicheng in 223, his coffin was transported back to Chengdu and buried here. According to the system of the Han Dynasty, where there is a tomb, there must be a temple, so at the same time, the Zhaolie Temple of the Han Dynasty was born. Around the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wuhou Temple in Chengdu merged with Hui Ling Temple and Zhaolie Temple in Han Dynasty.
Nanjiao park
From June 5438 to February 2003, the former Nanjiao Park in Chengdu was merged into Wuhou Temple Garden District. The southern suburbs used to be the cemetery of Liu Xiang, chairman of Sichuan Province during the Republic of China and commander of the Seventh Theater during the Anti-Japanese War. This 400-meter-long central axis runs through the north and south, from 1938 to 1942. Shimen, Sandongmen, Sifang Pavilion, Jianxin Hall and Tomb are the only remaining northern cemetery buildings in Southwest China. In the development planning of Wuhou Temple, the west area will be the center of cultural exchange and experience among the three countries.
1953 was converted into a park, with relief stone archway gate, Zhongjing gate, tablet pavilion, Jianxin hall, Liuxiang tomb and other buildings. Wuhou Temple Museum restored the Golden King Hall on the east side of Wuhou Temple. Jinli is an ancient street with the architectural style of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Relying on Wuhou Temple, we will expand the cultural extension of the Three Kingdoms and blend into the western Sichuan customs. It integrates food, life, travel, tourism, shopping and entertainment, and has become a new highlight of cultural tourism in Chengdu.
Jingu steet
The "Jinli" ancient street adjacent to Wuhou Temple was rebuilt by Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum and is a "national cultural industry demonstration base". Jinli is a part of Wuhou Temple Museum (the historical and cultural heritage of the Three Kingdoms, Jinli Folk Area, West Area). It covers an area of more than 30,000 square meters, with a building area of14,000 square meters and a street length of 550 meters. The architecture is based on the residential buildings in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the architectural style in Sichuan, and the content is based on the culture of the Three Kingdoms and the traditional residential culture in Sichuan. In June 2004, 5438+ 10 and in June 2009, 5438+ 10 was officially opened to the public. The expansion of Jinli boldly introduced flowing water into circulation, forming a new landscape of' waterfront Jinli'. "Worship Wuhou and soak in Jinli" has become one of the most attractive slogans of Chengdu tourism.
Legend has it that Jinli is one of the oldest and most prosperous streets in the history of Shu. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was famous all over the country. Today's Jinli is based on Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, with the spirit of Qin and Han Dynasties as its soul, the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties as its appearance, and the folk customs of western Sichuan as its content, which condenses the achievements of western culture.
The plaque is' Han Zhaolie Temple'. In the shade of the gate, there are six stone tablets, and there is a tablet gallery on each side, the largest of which is in the East Tablet Gallery. In the Tang Dynasty, it was built in Yuanhe four years (AD 809) in Tang Xianzong, and it is a national first-class cultural relic. Because of its superb skills in writing, calligraphy and carving, it is called' Three Monuments'. Pei Du, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, and Liu, a calligrapher (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and a famous craftsman wrote the inscription, all of which were written by famous artists and were called the Three Monuments by later generations. The inscription focuses on the life of Zhuge Liang. Praise Zhuge Liang's moral integrity and martial arts as much as possible to inspire the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. The inscription especially praised Zhuge Liang's thought of rule of law. Ma Su was beheaded by Zhuge Liang for losing his street pavilion. Ma Su cried and said, die without complaint. Both Li Yan and Liao Li, criminals exiled by Zhuge Liang, are willing to plead guilty. When they learned that Zhuge Liang had died of illness, they "smelled his pain, cried or died". These are historical facts. According to Pei Du's comments on history, the inscription is so incisive and fluent that it is insatiable and convincing. Zhuge Liang has noble thoughts, decent style, and does not abuse power for personal gain, which is admired by future generations.
Liubeidian
The second gate is Liubei Temple, also known as Zhaolie Temple. Entering the main entrance of Wuhou Temple, you can see the magnificent Zhaolie Temple. Zhaolie Temple is a building with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. There is a gilded statue of Liu Bei in the middle, 3 meters high, plump and solemn, with big ears and big shoulders. On the left is the statue of his grandson Liu Chen, the king of the North. The image of Liu Chan, the son of Shu Han originally created by Liu Bei, was demolished by Sichuan local officials in Song Zhenzong and failed to be rebuilt because of Liu Chan's incompetence. When he surrendered to Wei, his son Liu Chen went to Liu Bei's grave to cry and worship, killing his family and committing suicide. There are statues of Guan Yu's father and son, Zhou Cang, and three generations of statues of Zhang Fei's grandparents and grandchildren in the East on both sides of the main hall, which show the different appearances and personalities of Guan and Zhang, and also reflect the same characteristics of their superior martial arts and bravery. There are fourteen statues of civil servants and military commanders of Shu Han in the East and West Corridor. Pang Tong in the east is the chief civil servant of Langfang, and Zhao Yun in the west is the chief military attache of Langfang. Each statue is life-size, with a small stone tablet in front, and its name and life are announced on the stone tablet, so that visitors can easily understand it. These statues are magnificent and have both form and spirit, which embodies the superb clay sculpture skills of folk artists in the Qing Dynasty. On the west wall of the Hall of Heroes in Zhaolie Temple, there is Yue woodcut "The History of the Three Kingdoms", and on the east wall, there is a modern calligrapher Shen woodcut "Jia Zi".
Zhuge Liang Dian
Behind Liu Bei's temple, there are several steps down (Wuhou Temple is lower than Zhaolie Temple in Han Dynasty, symbolizing the relationship between monarch and minister in ancient times). This is a big hall with a plaque of Wuhou Temple. Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang was named "Hou of Wuxiang" before his death, and posthumous title was named "Zhong Wu" after his death, so the ancestral temple in memory of him was called "Wuhou Temple". On Zhuge Liang Hall, there is a plaque "Famous for the Universe", and on both sides is Zhao Fan's "Attack on the Heart" in the Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack the heart, you will be against it." Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting; Do not judge the situation, temper leniency with severity. You should think carefully about governing Shu in the future. "This couplet is a famous couplet. By analyzing and summarizing the success or failure of Zhuge Liang and Liu Zhang's regime, we remind future generations to learn from the experience and lessons of their predecessors when governing Shu, especially to pay attention to "attacking the heart" and "sizing up the situation". The main hall is dedicated to the statues of three generations of Zhuge Liang. In the middle of the hall, there is a G.
In Wu Temple, there are statues of important people in Shu. Among them, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei all have special halls, and other important civil servants and military commanders are shaped in the civil and military corridors. East is the official gallery, headed by Pang Tong, followed by Jian Yong and Lu Kai. This is the gallery of western military commanders, led by Zhao Yun, followed by Sun Gan, Zhang Yi, Ma Chao, Wang Ping and Jiang Wei.
There are 14 civilian military commanders in the left and right corridors, including 28 civil and military officials. Pang Tong is the head of Dongfu Gallery, followed by Jian Yong, Lu Kai, Fu Cong, Fei _, Deng Zhi, Kyle, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun,,, and Ji Cheng. With Zhao Yun as the team leader, the audience were, in turn, Yi Chang, Ma Chao, Wang Ping, Jiang Wei, Huang Zhong, Liao Hua, Fu Qian, Ma Zhong, Zhang Huan and Feng.
Hui Ling
On the west side of Zhuge Liang Hall is the tomb of Liu Bei, which is called "Hui Ling" in history. Zhuge Liang personally chose the treasure land and buried Liu Bei here. 055-79000 Record: "Hui Ling was buried in August". According to Longzhong Dui, "loving the people and dating each other" means "Hui", so Liu Bei's tomb was named "Hui Ling". Liu Bei's two wives, Gan and Wu, were buried together in the mausoleum. In front of Liu Bei's tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Han Zhaolie Mausoleum" erected during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Mausoleum architecture consists of zhaobi, gate, Shinto and bedroom. There is a small Shinto in Qing Dynasty in front of the mausoleum. Like the main building of Wuhou Temple, Hui Ling faces south, adjacent to Hanzhaolie Temple, on the west side of Wuhou Temple. There is a red wall connected with Wuhou Temple.
There are many calligraphy, paintings and couplets in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, among which the modern calligrapher Shen's Commandment is the most striking. There is also the stone carving of ZhuGeLiangChuan written by Yue Fei (the authenticity of this has always been controversial. There is a saying that "Front Table" and "Back Table" were actually written by Amin scholar Bai Lin under the pseudonym of Yue Fei.
Sanyi temple
Sanyi Temple, formerly known as Sanyi Temple, was built by Zheng Jiaolin, a Sichuan magistrate in the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi. Ganlong was destroyed by burning incense in 49 years (1784), rebuilt in 49 years (1787) and fully recovered in 22 years (1842). The buildings and plaques we see now are mainly the remains of the Daoguang period. Its building is a mixed structure, with an area of 569, four floors and five halls, and its scale is huge. After the collapse, only a few buildings were intact. 198 1 was announced as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Chengdu. 1998, due to the needs of urban construction, Sanyi Temple was moved from Tudu Street to Wuhou Temple.
Famous inscription
Formerly known as Zhu Hou Temple Monument, he was the prime minister of Shu. The East Monument Pavilion between the gate and the second gate of Wuhou Temple. The monument is 367 cm high, 95 cm wide and 25 cm thick. It was carved in Tang Xianzong and built in the fourth year (809). Pei Du, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, and Liu, the calligrapher (Liu Gongquan's younger brother) wrote and stonemason carved. Pei, both are excellent, so later generations called the three monuments. "Three Unique Skills" refers to Zhuge Liang's achievements, Pei Du's articles and Liu's calligraphy. The tablet is engraved with inscriptions, titles and inscriptions of Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties.