On March 5th, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, Zhang Jiao led an organized and prepared national peasant uprising. Because the uprising army is marked by the yellow turban insurrectionary, it is called the yellow turban insurrectionary in history. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the social crisis became more and more serious, and the contradiction between farmers and powerful landlords and feudal countries intensified. The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out on the basis of vigorous peasant struggle. Zhang Jiao, the leader of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, was born in Julu, Jizhou (now southwest of Pingxiang, Hebei) and the leader of Taiping Road. He called himself a "great moral teacher" and preached and taught among farmers in the name of preaching and treating diseases. During 10, the number of disciples reached 65,438+10,000, covering eight countries: Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu. They are divided into 36 parties, with more than 10,000 senior officials and six or seven thousand small parties, and each party has a commander-in-chief under his unified command. Zhang Jiao's prophecy that "Heaven dies and Huang Tianli stands, and he will be prosperous at the age of 60" is widely circulated. In addition, the words "Jia Zi" were scrawled on the doors of various government offices as a signal to launch an uprising. On March 5th, the first year of Zhong Ping (184, Jiazi year), Zhang Jiao was ordered to rebel at the same time. However, in 1 month before the scheduled date, due to the traitor's informer, Zhang Jiao sent someone to inform all parties of the early uprising. So 36 parties "suddenly", the number reached several hundred thousand. Zhang Jiao called himself "General Heaven", his younger brother Zhang Bao "General Earth" and Sean "General Man". In ten days, the world responded and the capital shook. Emperor Ling quickly mobilized elite soldiers from all over the country to suppress the Yellow Scarf Army. Local strongmen and landlords also rose up in succession, cooperating with loyalists to suppress the uprising, among which Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Sun Jian and Liu Bei were famous. At the beginning of the uprising, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army was scattered in Julu, Yingchuan and Nanyang. They fought in their own way, captured the city, burned down the government and won a great victory. At the same time, many independent peasant armed forces appeared in various places. However, the yellow turban insurrectionary army fought separately and lacked operational experience, which enabled the Eastern Han Dynasty to concentrate its forces and defeat them one by one. The Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan, Chen Guo, Runan, Dong Jun and Nanyang failed one after another. After the death of Zhang Jiao, the Yellow Scarf Army in Jizhou was led by Sean and adhered to Guangzong. In October of that year, Huang Fusong led loyalist to sneak attack the Yellow Scarf Army camp, and Sean was killed. More than 30,000 yellow turban insurrectionary troops were killed, more than 50,000 people threw themselves into the river, and the opening angle was cut open and slaughtered. Zhang Bao was immediately defeated and killed in Xiaquyang, and more than 65,438+10,000 people of the Yellow Scarf Army were killed. After that, the Yellow turban insurrectionary department and peasant armed forces all over the country still persisted in their struggle. Qingzhou yellow scarf once developed to a million. Later, due to the defeat in the battle, he was forced to accept Cao Cao's collection. When Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, Zhang Yan's Brakeshan army also surrendered. The Yellow Scarf Uprising and the people's uprisings of all ethnic groups under its influence lasted for more than twenty years. Because of the weakness of the peasant uprising itself, the uprising was brutally suppressed, but under the attack of the peasant uprising, the decadent Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, farmers in Taiping Road had a hard life because of the confusion of government and local decrees. In view of this, Zhang Bao, Zhang Jiao, Sean and Zhang Jiao of Wei County used spells to treat diseases everywhere. Many sick people drank his water and recovered without medication. Zhang Jiao is regarded as an immortal. Zhang Jiao sent eight ambassadors to preach abroad. So more and more followers were chased, even hundreds of thousands, all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, accounting for almost three-quarters of the country at that time. In order to go to the opening angle, many people do not hesitate to sell their property and come all the way to compete with each other, and their followers are also packed. It is said that more than 10 thousand people were trampled to death on the way. Zhang Jiao has been involved in folk activities for more than ten years, with 300,000 to 400,000 people joining. Seeing more and more believers, Zhang Jiao founded Huangtian Taiping, also known as Taiping Road, to manage believers and called himself "the Great Virtue Teacher". He divided his sphere of influence into 36 districts, called Fang, with more than 1 10,000 gentry and 6,000 small parties, and each party elected a leader, all under the control of Zhang Jiao to resist the Han Dynasty. (See Taiping Road for details) 184 (Jiazi Year) The Yellow Scarf Uprising. On March 5, the opening angle met with the believers under the slogan "Heaven dies, the yellow sky should stand, the age is in Jiazi, and the world is prosperous"; "Heaven" refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and "Yellow Heaven" refers to Taiping Road. Moreover, according to the speculation that Wude has always said, the Han Dynasty was a fire virtue, and the fire was born in the soil and the soil was yellow. Therefore, believers wear the yellow turban as a symbol to replace corruption in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the one hand, Zhang Jiao sent someone to write down the word "Jia Zi" as a token on the government office; On the other hand, he sent Ma Yuanyi to Jingzhou and Yangzhou to gather tens of thousands of people to prepare for his visit. On the other hand, he went to Luoyang many times, colluding with eunuchs to seal Xu Feng and seal Xu Feng, in an attempt to cooperate from inside. However, a month before the uprising, a disciple named Tang Zhou tipped off Ma Yuanyi, a servant in the capital, and Ma Yuanyi was cracked. The officers and men wantonly hunted and killed believers who believed in Taiping Road, killing more than a thousand people, and ordered Jizhou to hunt down Zhang Jiao. Because of this sudden accident, Zhang Jiao was forced to attack in February one month in advance, which was called the Yellow Scarf Uprising or the Yellow Scarf Uprising in history. Because the insurgents wore yellow turbans, they were called "yellow turbans" or "moth thieves". Zhang Jiao calls himself "General Heaven", while Zhang Bao and Sean are "General Earth" and "General Man" respectively. They burned the government, killed officials and robbed everywhere. Within a month, a war broke out in seven states and twenty-eight counties, and the Yellow Scarf Army was on a roll. Counties and counties fell, and officials fled, shaking Kyoto.