1933 10, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 500,000 troops to launch the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the central revolutionary base area. Due to the wrong command of the interim head of the Central Committee, Bo Gu Kailai, and strategist Li De, the Red Army fought bravely for one year and suffered heavy casualties, but failed to crush the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was forced to abandon the central revolutionary base and make a strategic shift.

2. Significance

The victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army is a miracle in human history. Over the past two years, the Red Army has moved to 14 province for a long March, which has overcome many difficulties and obstacles, preserved and tempered the revolutionary backbone, moved the base camp of China revolution to the northwest, and created conditions for developing the revolutionary cause in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and China. From 1934 to 1936, they broke through the siege of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops and sang the triumph of strategic shift, which is a heroic epic written by mortals in the history of modern human war.

The victory of the Red Army's Long March is the key to turning the corner of China's revolution. The victory of the Long March shows that the China Producers' Party and its Red Army of Workers and Peasants are an invincible and powerful team. The Red Army's belief in the victory of the revolution in the Long March and its heroic spirit of going forward without fear of sacrifice have become a great driving force for encouraging producers and the people's army to move forward.

The Long March ended the rule of "Left" dogmatism in the Central Committee and established Mao Zedong's leading position in the Red Army and the Central Committee. The ship of China Revolution finally has a helmsman who can control its progress! A group of party leaders represented by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De,

Historical background of the Long March:

The Red Army's fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed under the wrong guidance of Wang Ming's "Left" deviation and was forced to make a long March. ? Historical significance: It completed the strategic shift, overcame many difficulties and obstacles through twists and turns, preserved and tempered the revolutionary backbone, publicized the party's purpose, carried forward revolutionary collectivism, revolutionary heroism and revolutionary optimism, and created conditions for the development of the revolutionary cause in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and China.

The evil consequence of Wang Ming's "Left" deviation is that the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in the Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Hunan and Hubei Soviet areas and the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in the Central China, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Soviet areas failed one after another. The Red Army suffered heavy losses, the army building was severely damaged, and the Party and the Red Army were forced to implement strategic shift.

The failure of the Central Soviet Area's counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" changed the general pattern of China's revolutionary war, affected other Soviet areas, and made the Long March shift from local to overall.

Extended data:

More than 80 years ago, the Fourth Route Red Army successively withdrew from the Soviet area, which it had worked so hard to create and manage, crossed Qian Shan, went through hardships, and successfully completed the strategic transfer of the revolutionary forces that decided China's fate, creating a miracle on earth.

Great pioneering work must meet the needs of the times. So, under what background did the Red Army's Long March take place?

The Long March of the Red Army took place at a time when China was facing national peril, and anti-Japanese national salvation became a top priority for the whole nation.

The September 18th Incident was the beginning of Japanese attempt to destroy China. 1932, the Japanese army launched an attack on Shanghai, creating the "December 28th Incident", which further accelerated the pace of aggression against China. 1in the spring of 933, the Japanese army successively captured Shanhaiguan and Jehol, and occupied some areas north of the Great Wall, aiming at Ping Jin.

The Japanese army stepped up its invasion of China, and the crisis of the Chinese nation became increasingly serious. Uniting against Japan and saving the nation has gradually become the political theme of China society and the * * * requirement of the people all over the country.

However, Chiang Kai-shek went against the historical trend, stubbornly taking "doing things outside must be done inside" as the basic national policy to deal with internal and external relations, repeatedly compromising with Japan and constantly mobilizing heavy troops to "encircle and encircle" the Soviet area and the Red Army.

1April 6, 933, Chiang Kai-shek declared in "Tell the General to Lead the bandits to Talk about Anti-Japanese Electricity" that "if the frontline generals plead in the north, they will not tolerate them unintentionally"; It is said that it is anti-Japanese "and" no forgiveness. " Under the non-resistance policy of Chiang Kai-shek clique, both the "December 28th" War of Resistance and the Great Wall War of Resistance ended in failure.

Under the increasingly serious national crisis, Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "settling down first when busy outside" has been dissatisfied by Chinese people and condemned by public opinion, and even opposed by some people in the Kuomintang ruling group and local power groups.

An article entitled "If I were Chiang Kai-shek" published in Independent Review criticized the policy of non-resistance as "the worst suicide policy", which turned China into "a big piece of fat meat" and then the Japanese "cut it off with one knife".

The members of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Guangdong called the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee, saying that "there is no other way but to fight the war of resistance" and demanded that the National Government earnestly carry out the war of resistance. 1933 In May, Feng Yuxiang established the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition in Zhangjiakou, and then recovered all the lost land in Chahar Province.

While the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area was in a passive position in the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Chen, Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai, the generals of the Kuomintang's No.1 19 Route Army in Fujian, joined forces with the anti-Chiang forces, and launched the "Fujian Incident" on June1933+065438+1October 20, publicly announcing their anti-Chiang.