Gu, the founder of textual research in Qing dynasty, was an outstanding thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Gu (16 13 ~ 1682) was originally named Jiang. He used to be a maid in Shan Jiang, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Scholars call him Mr. Lin Ting. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, he and his fellow countrymen organized a rebel army to resist the Qing Dynasty in order to alleviate difficulties and destroy their homes. After the fall of Jiangnan, he has been running around and contacting the righteous. He has visited the Ming Tombs ten times, and he is going to do something to restore his sight. In his later years, he went deep into the northwest, lived in Huayin and Fuping, and devoted himself to academic research. He refused to be drafted by the Qing court many times, and he did not hesitate to fight to death. He once said, "A 70-year-old man needs to die. If he is forced, he will die with his own body. " In view of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, he put forward the slogan "Confucian classics is Neo-Confucianism". He "learned from the past", advocated practical learning, hated empty talk, and demanded that Confucianism be regarded as "the source of chaos control in the country and the fundamental plan of the people." He pointed out that there was no pure Neo-Confucianism in the Confucius and Mencius era, and Neo-Confucianism was originally Confucian classics. This tradition continued until the Han Dynasty, when Confucian scholars paid attention to the exegesis of famous things, but they still did not break away from the purpose of practical use. It was only in Song Confucianism's obsession with classics that it was possible to talk about righteousness, and even in the Ming Dynasty, it developed to the extent of "ignoring books and talking about rootlessness". He denounced Wang Xue's "The Last Stream" as "leaving the four seas helpless and poor, but talking about danger all day". In his view, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties became empty because it accepted Zen Buddhism and left the Confucian tradition of practical learning.