The basic policy of environmental protection in China was established at the first national environmental protection conference in 1973, that is, the "32-word" policy, that is, "comprehensive planning, rational layout, comprehensive utilization, and turning harm into benefit"; Rely on the masses and make joint efforts to protect the environment and benefit the people. "This policy is in line with China's national conditions at that time and the reality of environmental protection, and has played a positive role in China's environmental protection for a long time.
According to this 32-word policy, the State Council formulated and published the first national environmental protection document "On Protecting and Improving the Environment" in China.
The "Regulations" make ten policy provisions: do a good job in comprehensive planning; The industry should be rationally laid out; Gradually improve the environment of the old city; Comprehensive utilization, turning harm into benefit; Strengthen the protection of soil and plants; Strengthen the management of water system and sea area; Planting trees and greening the motherland; Seriously carry out environmental monitoring work; Vigorously carry out scientific research on environmental protection and do a good job in publicity and education; The investment, equipment and materials needed for environmental protection shall be arranged and implemented.
2. The policy of "three synchronizations and three unifications"
1983 held the second national conference on environmental protection. On the basis of summing up the experience and lessons of environmental protection in the past ten years, the meeting systematically determined the general policy of environmental protection in China for the first time. At the same time, the meeting put forward the environmental protection policy of "three synchronizations and three unifications".
Three synchronizations
Economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction are planned, implemented and developed simultaneously.
Three unification
Unity of economic, social and environmental benefits
"Three synchronizations" are the starting point and the end result of formulating environmental protection plans, determining policies, proposing measures and organizing implementation, and clearly point out that environmental pollution and ecological destruction should be solved in the process of economic construction and social construction;
"Three unifications" is the basic principle that runs through the "three synchronizations", which aims to overcome the viewpoint of focusing only on economic development and emphasizing the overall comprehensive interests, and can also be regarded as the basic principle of all work.
3. Sustainable development strategy and policy
After the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,1July 1992, the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the "Ten Countermeasures for Environment and Development in China"; 1In March, 1994, the State Council issued "China 2 1 Century Agenda-China 2 1 Century White Paper on Population, Environment and Development", which defined the action objectives, policy framework and implementation plan for implementing the sustainable development strategy. Ten countermeasures of environment and development in China;
① Implement the strategy of sustainable development.
② Take effective measures to prevent and control industrial pollution.
(3) Carry out comprehensive management of the urban environment and seriously control the "four pests" of the city (that is, waste gas, waste water, waste residue and noise).
④ Improve energy utilization efficiency and energy structure.
⑤ Promote ecological agriculture, adhere to afforestation, and effectively strengthen biodiversity protection.
⑥ Vigorously promote scientific and technological progress, strengthen environmental science research, and actively develop environmental protection industries.
⑦ Use economic means to protect the environment.
(8) Strengthen environmental education and constantly improve the environmental awareness of the whole nation.
Pet-name ruby improve environmental laws and regulations, strengthen environmental management.
(10) Drawing on the spirit of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the China Action Plan was formulated.
4. "Three changes" policy
1993 the second national conference on prevention and control of industrial pollution was held in June, 5438+00, which summarized the experience and lessons of prevention and control of industrial pollution, and put forward that the prevention and control of industrial pollution must implement clean production and "three transformations", that is, from terminal control to control of the whole production process, from centralized control to combination of centralized and total control, and from decentralized control to combination of decentralized and centralized control, which indicates that the guiding principles of prevention and control of industrial pollution in China have changed.
5. Cross-century basic policy15 (1995 ~ 2010)
The fourth national conference on environmental protection was held in Beijing in July, 1996. This meeting is of great significance for the deployment and implementation of cross-century environmental protection goals and tasks and the implementation of sustainable development strategies.
The meeting further clarified that population control and environmental protection are two basic national policies that China must adhere to for a long time; Put the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of sustainable development in an important position in the modernization drive. The meeting put forward the national total emission control plan of major pollutants during the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the cross-century green project plan of China. These two measures are an important part of the ninth five-year plan and the long-term goal of 20 10, and they are also the concretization of the ninth five-year plan for environmental protection.
6. The policy of "environment and development are synchronized"
1In August, 1996, the State Council issued the Decision of the State Council on Several Issues of Environmental Protection, proposing to implement a series of stricter and more powerful countermeasures than before:
① Insist on the comprehensive decision of environment and development, and strengthen the construction of environmental legal system;
(2) Major measures such as "Total Pollutant Emission Control Plan" and "China Cross-century Green Project Plan" to curb the environmental deterioration trend;
③ Broaden the channels of environmental protection funds and increase investment in environmental protection;
④ Pay equal attention to pollution prevention and ecological protection, and comprehensively promote environmental protection;
Implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, improve the level of environmental science and technology, conscientiously implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and improve scientific and technological progress.
The contribution rate of environmental protection, effectively curb environmental pollution and ecological deterioration;
⑥ Strengthen environmental publicity and education to improve the environmental awareness of the whole nation;
⑦ Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges in the field of environment.
For the first time, the decision clearly puts forward the environmental protection goal of basically controlling the trend of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and improving the environmental quality of some cities and regions by 2000; By the year 2000, the pollutants discharged by all industrial pollution sources in China should meet the national or local standards; Implement the total amount control of major pollutants nationwide; Implement the regional governance of "Three Rivers, Three Lakes and Two Control Zones".
7. "15 small" ban policy
In 1996 "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Environmental Protection", it is explicitly forbidden to shut down 15 kinds of small enterprises with serious pollution, and the former State Economic and Trade Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission will eliminate enterprises that destroy resources, pollute the environment, have poor product quality, backward technology and equipment and do not meet the conditions for safe production within a time limit. These include:
① Small-scale papermaking: a paper mill with an annual output of less than 5,000 tons; Chemical pulping production line with annual production capacity less than 6.5438+700,000 tons.
② Small tanneries: tanneries with an annual processing capacity of less than 30,000 pieces of leather. (Note: 2 pigskin folds 1 cowhide and 6 sheepskin folds 1 cowhide).
③ Small dyes: dye factories with an annual output of less than 500 tons, including dye production enterprises with an annual output of less than 500 tons, dye intermediate production enterprises with an annual output of less than 500 tons, and enterprises with a total production capacity of less than 500 tons of dyes and dye intermediates.
④ Soil coking: backward methods such as pit type, Pingxiang type, heaven and earth tank and open type are adopted.
⑤ Sulphur smelting by indigenous method: indigenous method, the same as coking.
⑥ Arsenic smelting from soil: an enterprise that produces arsenic (or arsenic oxide products) with an annual output of less than 100 tons by using an indigenous method (roasting in a well furnace or crucible furnace, collecting dust in a simple condensation facility, etc.).
⑦ Earth-smelting mercury: The enterprise that produces mercury by indigenous method has an annual output of less than 10 ton (using backward methods such as earth iron pan, earth furnace, distillation tank, crucible furnace and simple condensation and dust removal facilities).
(8) Lead and zinc smelting with earth: enterprises with an annual output of less than 2,000 tons (lead smelting with backward methods such as earth sintered plates and simple earth blast furnaces, roasting with earth horizontal tanks, muffle furnaces, manger furnaces and small vertical tanks, and collecting dust with simple condensation facilities).
9 Oil refining: small oil refineries and indigenous oil refining facilities built blindly without the approval of the state and the State Council; An illegal oil refining device designed by a design unit without the qualification of oil refining design without the official approval of the state; Oil refining enterprises obtain crude oil resources by illegal means without legal resource allocation, resulting in waste of oil resources, poor product quality and environmental pollution, disrupting the oil market; The production process is not in a closed system refinery or belongs to a kettle distillation refinery; Oil refining enterprises without any environmental protection measures and pollution control measures; Oil refining enterprises that do not meet the national occupational safety and health standards.
(10) Soil gold separation: small-scale mixed mercury, chute, small-scale cyanidation tank, small-scale heap leaching, etc.
Small pesticides: no production license, formal design; Indigenous method (the product has no definite structural components, failed technical appraisal, no product technical standards, no factory buildings, equipment and process operation standards necessary for normal safety production, and no necessary detection means) Small-scale pesticide original drug production or preparation processing enterprises.
Small electroplating: cyanide-containing electroplating; Electroplating enterprises that have no formal design, backward technology, and electroplating waste liquid can't or basically can't meet the standard.
Local production of asbestos products: enterprises that produce asbestos products by hand.
Production of radioactive products by indigenous methods: an enterprise that has not been approved by the national or industrial authorities and included in the planning and plan, has not obtained the license for construction, operation and product sales, has not approved by the national or industrial authorities for a relatively complete project establishment and feasibility study report, environmental impact report and "three simultaneities" acceptance report, has not improved protective measures and monitoring plans, and has radioactive product facilities such as uranium smelting.
Small-scale bleaching and dyeing: a production enterprise with an annual output of 6.5438+million meters. The wastewater discharged per 100 meter of cloth exceeds 2.8 tons.