Fujian earth buildings are mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of southern Fujian and western Fujian, with more than 3,000 existing buildings. There are only 46 earth buildings declared as world cultural heritage, including Chuxi Earth Building 10, Hongkeng Earth Building 7, Gaobei Earth Building 4, Xiangyan Building and Zhen Fu Building in Yongding County. There are 5 Tulou buildings in Tianluokeng, Tulou buildings in Hekeng, Nanjing County 13, Huaiyuan Building and He Jiong Building. There are three earth buildings in the Dadi Earth Building Group in Hua 'an County. These tulou represent all known tulou, and they are the tulou with the best construction quality, the best protection and management, the most authentic and complete preservation. Under the honor of the world cultural heritage of Fujian Tulou, Yongding, Nanjing and Hua 'an all played their own distinctive tulou tourism slogans. Yongding Tulou takes the Hakka cultural route, and the market locates Hakka Tulou. Nanjing Tulou is the hometown of Tulou. Hua 'an started a little late, but its resources are full of personality charm. The source of tulou has brightened people's eyes and aroused people's desire to explore the source. In the integration of Fujian tulou, all three counties are taking their own development path that suits them best. Orderly competition under unified planning will undoubtedly benefit tourists and provide you with more and more detailed choices.
Tulou is a treasure of China architecture. Hakka areas distributed in Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong in the southeast of China are most famous for their buildings, such as the tower in Yongding, the tower in the city flag, the tulou group in Tianluokeng in Nanjing and the Eryi building in China.
So, how big is the largest tulou in the world?
Building 2 of Huayi Building, known as the king of earth buildings, has an outer diameter of 73.4 meters. The open ground is 73 meters in diameter.
The diameter of 1 building is 2 1. 1 m larger than that of building 2, reaching 94.5 m ... The magazine sponsored by Singapore Nanyang Guest Association calls it the largest super-earth building in the world today. 1August 990 18, People's Daily (overseas edition), reported as the largest existing tulou in China.
It was in Zhao An, the nameless boudoir.
In fact, Guanpi, Xiuzhuan, Xiage and other towns are also places where Hakka people gather in Zhao 'an, and there are hundreds of earth buildings with different shapes scattered in some areas such as Taiping and Hongxing.
Tianlou, located in Dabian Village, Guanbei Town, was built in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty and was a family founded by Zhang, the 11th ancestor of Zhang Liao.
However, the magic of Tianlou lies not in its large scale, but in its close connection with Zhouyi.
The name of Tianlou comes from Zhouyi; On September 2 nd, when the sky sees the dragon, adults benefit. The couplet at the main entrance says that Sun Zengqi started with 1992 in the past, while Tian Lu's brother started four or three years ago. This couplet contains \ \ in the first word of the upper and lower couplet. The word "92" is embedded in couplets, which not only has 92 years in Zhouyi, but also gives new meaning. 92, which means nine plus two equals eleven. This eleventh refers to the eleventh official card of Zhang Liao, the official who built the skyscraper. Last league 92, next league 43. This four three, that is, four plus three equals seven. This seven means that Huan Gong has seven sons. The moral of this couplet is: Sun Zengyi, who worked hard in the past, has initially opened up a new world; All seven brothers living on this road have started their own businesses.
Sitting in the sky building from northeast to southwest, it looks like a round building village at close range, and it is slightly octagonal when climbing up. This is the form of Zhouyi gossip.
Shape, each corner (side) is hexagonal. In addition, the eight diagrams are explained by overlapping two hexagrams into sixty-four small hexagrams, and the main building has sixty-four bays (i.e.
Entering the gate of Tianlou is a roadway, just like a six-pointed star-like passage. There is a row of low houses in front. Behind the low building is a relatively independent square building, two stories high, which is called the center of the building by the locals. The outer circle (people generally regard the sky tower as a circular building) represents the sky, and the center of the building represents the ground, that is, the circular place of the sky, which constitutes a complete universe. This is what Zhouyi said. All for the sky, all for love. Kun is the land, which means Dayu.
There are three wells in Tianlou, one in the northeast, one in the southwest and one in the center of the building. Three wells mean wealth, wealth and wealth. The spring water of the ancient well is said to come from the dragon umbrella, and the well water is clear and sweet; Especially in the southwest, the loading capacity of the same well water is more than that in other places 1 kg.
The main entrance of Tianlou is 2.5 1 m high and 1.55 m wide, with double door frames, with an inner frame width of 25 cm and an outer frame width of 50 cm. There is a sink at the top of the door. If there are intruders, they can be put out with water. On the roof of the building, there are two watchtowers like swallows, commonly known as bird's nest, which have many loopholes to command and defend against invading enemies.
When the Sky Tower was first built, there was only one gate. Later, because the residents in the northeast and the north were not very rich, they invited a feng shui master to take their pulse. The feng shui master said that a door should be opened in the east to let purple air come to the east. At this time, a smaller door was opened, commonly known as a double-headed door.
Overlooking the main entrance, there is a mountain called Beitou Mountain. The top of the mountain is the peak of an artificial pen container, which is far from the main entrance of Sky Building. It is said that this man-made mountain peak was built at the same time as the skyscraper, and the ancestors prayed that this Long Mai would bring good luck to the building.
The architectural layout of the tower conforms to the Eight Diagrams, which means that the Eight Diagrams are shaped for the prosperity of future generations. For more than 300 years, the people in Tianlou, as the Duke Huan who built it expected, are prosperous and talented. Now many of their descendants no longer live in this building. For the sky tower, the times have changed, the wind and rain have withered, and it has been seriously damaged and partially collapsed after earthquakes, fires and floods.
With Tianlou as the center, there are 12 earth buildings nearby, namely Shui Mei Building, Shima Building, Yutian Building, Yufeng Building, Anbian Building, Tianlou Building, Xincheng Building, Longtou Building, Fengshan Building, Yiyan Building, Fengming Building and Guangyu Building. Zhao writer Zhang Yuanjin wrote in "Flowers and Fruits": If the sky tower is compared to a flower core and the 12 satellite tower is compared to petals, it will constitute a unique big flower in the world. If we compare each tulou to a flower, the criss-crossing roads are flowers, and the streams are ribbons, which bind 13 flowers together. This is the largest bunch of flowers in the world.
2. Which is better, Tianluokeng Tulou or Yongding Tulou?
Hakka Tulou, also known as Fujian Tulou, is mainly distributed in Yongding, Nanjing, southwest Fujian and other places. It is the residence of Hakka people who have attacked and multiplied for generations. Tulou has a long history, unique style, exquisite architecture and large scale, and is known as the miracle residential building in the world. There are more than 23,000 earth buildings, including more than 30 kinds of circular buildings, square buildings, pentagonal buildings, octagonal buildings and diaojiao buildings. A number of earth buildings with reasonable layout have been formed, such as Yongding Chuxi Earth Building Group and Nanjing Shuyang Township Tianluokeng Earth Building Group. The building not only attracted the attention of the architectural community, but also attracted the strong interest of Chinese and foreign scholars and experts in history, geography, anthropology and folklore. In 200 1 year, Fujian Tulou was officially declared as a world cultural heritage by Yongding Tulou, Nanjing Tulou and Huafu Jian 'an Tulou, and passed the inspection, evaluation and acceptance by UNESCO experts.
The largest circular building is the Chengqi Building in Gaotou Village, Dazhu Township, Yongding County. The whole building is 73 meters in diameter, with three circles and four floors, 400 rooms and 60 families. The smallest circular building is Rusheng Building in Yongding County, with 12 floors and 12 rooms and 6 families. The oldest circular building is Qitian Building in Shajian Township, Huaxian County, which has a history of more than 600 years. There is a village in Dongping, Shentu Township, Yunxiao County, Baguabao. The whole village consists of five circles, the center of which is a complete circular building, and the four circles are arranged intermittently according to the surrounding eight diagrams. Yuchang Building, located in Sakamoto Village, Shuyang County, Nanjing County, is called staggered floor. This building was built in the R year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1487), and almost all visible beams, columns and catalpa are crooked. It is said that the maximum inclination angle 15 degrees!
1900 years ago, the Hakkas who moved south after the uprising in the Central Plains came to Nanshan District in southwest Fujian after many twists and turns. In order to avoid the impact of the outside world, they have to rely on the mountain to manage and live together. Build a single house with local raw soil, gravel and sawdust, then connect it into a big house, and then build a thick closed earth building. There are wells and granaries in the building. In case of war and bandits, once you close the door, you will die. If besieged, food and water can last for several months. Coupled with the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer, earthquake resistance and wind resistance, Tulou has become a place where Hakkas have lived for generations.