The history of Jeju Special Autonomous Road can be traced back to the Stone Age. Through the excavation of relics, we can know that people lived in caves or caves at that time, including the relics of making stone tools and grinding stone tools, as well as the relics of bronze and iron age. Stone tombs, ground stone tools, pottery, urn coffins, etc. Scattered on the island is an important material for studying the historical origin of Jeju. Jeju's ancient names include Shimaichi, Toyo Prefecture, Shiluo, Damulo and Toro. These names all mean "island country" except "Toyo County".
From ancient times to the Three Kingdoms period, Rhoda was a country.
In 938 (Koryo 2 1), Prince Rhoda entered Korea.
1 105- North Korea abolished the name of Rhoda and established Rhoda County.
1275—— Although Zhong Lie of korean king nominally restored the kingdom of Rhoda, he established the general logistics department of China Yuan Dynasty, and Jeju Island was the territory of China Yuan Dynasty. 1273 to 1392, belonging to the territory of China Yuan Dynasty: 123 1 year, during the Korean-Mongolian War, korean king fled to Jianghua Island; 1258, Cui regime collapsed, the king surrendered to the Mongolian khanate, and Mongolia promised to withdraw its troops. 1273, China Yuan Dynasty troops occupied Jeju Island, and the Korean-Mongolian War ended. North Korea became a vassal state of China Yuan Dynasty, and the government of China Yuan Dynasty set up a general military and civilian office in Jeju Island to manage the affairs of China Yuan Dynasty troops stationed in Jeju Island and residents on the island. There are some government agencies, such as the Trojan Horse Hall on China Island in Yuan Dynasty. The highest official of the Trojan Horse Hall is China's Zuo. Although the North Korean court regained its ruling power when King Gong Li replied in A.D. 1356, it was not until several decades after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty in China.
China has a great influence on the Korean Peninsula and some surrounding areas, including Jeju Island in the south of the Korean Peninsula. China had sovereignty over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula for more than 800 years from the Western Han Dynasty in China to the Cao Wei of the Three Kingdoms and the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties in China. The territory of North Korea only includes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and four counties of the Han Dynasty (65438 BC +008 ~ 365438 AD +03). In BC 108, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established four counties in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, namely Lelang County, Xuantu County, Fan Zhen County and Lintun County, which had a great influence on the tribes in southern Korea and Japan. Although the boundary line generally shows a trend of narrowing from south to north, Yongxing County, gangwon, North Korea has remained basically stable for more than 400 years in China. In the 19th year of Zhiyuan (1282), the Japanese army invaded the coast of Korea. At the request of korean king, China Yuan Army was stationed in Jinzhou. In the second year, China's Yuan Dynasty formally established a province in North Korea to March eastward, with korean king and General Atahai of the Yuan Army leading the way to save trouble (Yuan Shi, Volume 208, Biography of North Korea). Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, South Korea's internal affairs and diplomacy were controlled by the Yuan Dynasty. The Korean peninsula was controlled by the Yuan Dynasty, not to mention Jeju Island in the south of the Korean peninsula.
1294—— Some employees under the general military and civilian headquarters in Rhoda, China, are island residents or people from North Korea approved by the Yuan government of China, but they still belong to the Yuan government, and the North Korean government has no right to manage them. In the early days of the Korean dynasty, it was called Jeju animal husbandry. Decades after the Yuan Dynasty in China was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty, the talents of the General Administration of Military and Political Affairs of the Yuan Dynasty in China surrendered to North Korea, and Jeju Island became the land of North Korea.
14 16- Set up Dajing and Jingyi counties in Jeju pastoral area.
1864- Jeju is under the jurisdiction of Jeollado observers.
1906- Abandoning grazing and establishing a county magistrate.
1915-abolish the county system and change it to the island system.
1946- Implementing Daoism (provincial level)
Jeju April 3 incident, also known as Jeju Island Massacre, took place in Jeju Island from the military and political period of the United States to the early days of the Republic of Korea. This is a tragic event with heavy casualties in South Korea's modern history, second only to the Korean War. Moreover, 50 years after the incident, the specific and comprehensive truth investigation has not been completed, and people's grievances are endless. It was not until June 65438 +65438 10+February 2000 that the Jeju 43 Special Law was promulgated that the government began to investigate the truth.
In March 1947, 1, an islander demonstration (conducted completely peacefully) organized by Jeju Island People's Committee was shot by the police, and six islanders died. Jeju Island decided to hold a large-scale protest on March 10. The military and political departments of the US military command in North Korea sent right-wing groups (Northwest Youth League, etc.). ) Organized police and young people fled from North Korea to Jeju Island and started white terror. April 3 1948 Jeju islanders began armed riots, which were for the April 3 incident.
1948 at 2 am on April 3, 350 armed attacked 12 police stations and right-wing groups and launched an armed uprising. These armed forces shouted slogans, demanding that the police and the "Northwest Youth League" stop repression, oppose single choice and single government, and demand the establishment of a unified government. At first, the US military administration regarded it as a "public security situation", but only increased the police force and the Northwest Youth League to prevent the situation from expanding. However, the situation has not been cleaned up. Lieutenant General john reid Hodge, commander of the U.S. military stationed in South Korea, and Major General William Frish Dean, director of military and political affairs, then ordered the security forces to launch a crackdown.
1948 1 171October 17, the Li Chengwan government declared martial law in Jeju Island. Prior to this, Song Yaozan, head of the 9th regiment, issued a notice saying that people passing in the mountainous areas five kilometers away from the coastline would be killed as violent elements. Since then, we have launched a powerful "scorched earth" campaign in the mountain village. The relevant US military intelligence report records: "On the assumption that all residents of mountain villages obviously provided guerrilla help and convenience, the Ninth Regiment adopted a' mass killing plan' for village residents. After martial law was announced, many mountain village residents were killed. Not only mountain tribes, but also scattered residents living in coastal villages were executed for providing assistance to the armed forces. As a result, the number of refugees who fled to the mountains to survive increased even more. They hide in the cold mountains in the cold winter. If they are caught, they will either be shot or sent to prison. Repressing the military and police even listed people who ran away from home as "runaway families" and forced the cruel alternative of "victimized" parents and siblings.
It is estimated that about 65,438+04,000 to 60,000 people were killed in armed conflicts and repression. On June 5438+1October 65438+May, 2003, the South Korean government approved the Report on the Truth of Jeju 4.3 Incident, acknowledging that martial law was lifted on September 2 1, 1954, and more than 30,000 innocent people died. The number of victims actually registered by the National Fact-Finding Committee of the 43 Incident of the Korean Government is 14373, but it is considered that the total number of unidentified and unrecorded victims is between 25,000 and 30,000. This figure is based on the Committee's information and demographic data before and after the incident.
Residents of Jeju Island believe that as many as 40,000 people may have been killed. On the other hand, the incident also caused nearly 4,000 Jeju islanders to flee to Japan for refuge, and most of their descendants were scattered in Kansai, Japan. The elimination led to a sharp drop in the number of Jeju Island people from the original 280,000 to only 30,000.
1955- Jeju City was upgraded to Jeju City.
198 1 year-Xiguiyi and Chinese were merged and upgraded to Xiguipu.
In 2006, Jeju Island became a special independent road.