How to treat the current anti-corruption situation, especially the phenomenon that corruption is prone to occur frequently, is a problem that has puzzled many of our comrades for many years. As we all know, although the anti-corruption struggle has been intensified in recent years, the staged results are also obvious, and the satisfaction and recognition of the people are also constantly improving, negative corruption is still prone to occur in some fields and departments. The probability of occurrence is relatively high and the frequency is increasing. The situation that is prone to multiple occurrences is mainly in the following aspects:

First, the incidence rate is high, especially the cases of economic violations remain high. What concept? Among the cases of violation of discipline and law investigated, economic cases account for about 44%; In the economic cases investigated, duty crimes such as corruption and bribery account for more than 50%, more than half; Among the bribery cases investigated, cases in the construction field will probably account for more than 1/3.

Second, the amount involved is large. According to our statistics, during the ten years from 1988 to 1997, economic cases with the amount of economic crimes exceeding/kloc-0,000,000 were investigated and dealt with, which was seven times higher than that in the previous decade. After 1998, the number of economic cases investigated continues to rise, and it is above 10000000 every year. From June to July this year, we have a district (we are divided into North China, East China and Northwest China), and the economic cases involving more than10 million in only one district increased by 50% compared with the same period last year. Now some gangs commit crimes worth billions or even billions, and the amount involved is large.

Third, the number of cases of leading cadres violating discipline and law has increased, especially the problem of top leaders is still outstanding. At present, there are many cases of leading cadres violating discipline and law, involving some key departments and departments of the party and government organs.

Fourth, the unhealthy trend that infringes on the interests of the masses is more prominent. At present, unhealthy practices such as eating, drinking and having fun with public funds, charging fees at random, and even accepting red envelopes and gifts and making things difficult for the masses are quite serious in some places and departments, and cases of dereliction of duty are also prominent.

Fifth, the means of committing crimes by the people involved are more concealed, and some of them have quite strong anti-investigation ability, which brings us new difficulties in investigating and investigating cases.

(2) Why do major cases still happen from time to time?

These annual fees have made great efforts, which have been increasing and achieved results. But why do major cases still happen from time to time, and some unhealthy trends are repeatedly banned? People still have opinions on this issue. Central leading comrades also attach great importance to this issue and have given important instructions, asking us to think deeply and study it seriously. I would like to make a few comments based on a situation. In my opinion, the current phenomenon of negative corruption is frequent, which has both subjective and objective reasons, both practical and historical reasons, and must be comprehensively analyzed.

First, from the objective historical reasons, it is mainly related to factors such as system transition, structural transformation and changes in economic base.

Judging from the development history of human society, when a country is in a period of social change with economic structural transformation and rapid economic growth, it is often a period of high incidence of corruption. In the 1980s, China implemented the reform of price system and dual-track system, which became popular when the supply of commodities was in short supply. Since the 1990s, with the emergence of various factor markets such as real estate, finance and securities, taking advantage of loopholes in factor markets such as land capital has become the main manifestation of corruption. In the process of establishing a market economy system, this phenomenon not only exists now, but also happened in Britain in the18th century and America in the19th century. Not only now, not only in China, but also in history and abroad. At that time, Britain was called the workshop of the world, and corruption was very serious. Many municipalities regard the sale of seats as their main source of income. When parliamentary seats were sold, each seat only needed a few pounds or tens of pounds at the end of 17, but by the end of 18, it had risen to more than 2,000 pounds. By the beginning of 19 century, that is, 1800, the price of a seat had risen to 654.38+million pounds, which was the main source of income for the municipal authorities. We have all studied the Opium War in modern history. At that time, there was an East Indian company in Britain, which sold opium to China. How did his privilege and monopoly come from? He got it by bribing members of Congress. The British Parliament has investigated the scandal of the East India Company in the process of selling opium to China. The company spent an amazing amount of money for British politicians under this project, and even the Queen of England at that time accepted the reward. After the United States engaged in market economy in Britain for several years, the United States began to develop the western region in the middle of the19th century. In the process of developing the western region, large-scale investment and corruption activities are accompanied. At that time, the Lianbang government issued preferential policies to encourage private companies to invest and develop, and some lawmakers and officials used government contracts to trade with private investors and embezzle the state treasury. For example, the western development at that time was to jointly develop a railway called Union Pacific. The total construction cost of this railway was $94 million ($94 million at that time). In fact, the developer only paid $44 million, including bribes, and the remaining $50 million went into his own pocket. At that time, the bribers involved senior officials such as the President and Vice President of the House of Representatives. Therefore, the famous American scholar Huntington once said that corruption is often a companion in the process of social change. It should be pointed out that it usually takes hundreds of years for western developed capitalist countries to establish a perfect market economic system. According to the goal put forward by our party, we plan to build a perfect socialist market economic system around 2020, counting from the end of the reform and opening up in 65438 to 0978 (that is, from the end of the 1970s). According to this goal, China plans to build a market economic system under socialist conditions in about 40 years. Capitalist countries such as Britain and the United States generally spend hundreds of years establishing a market economy system under capitalist conditions, while the United States has spent more than 100 years establishing a perfect market economy. According to our current plan, it will take about 40 years. Therefore, from this historical perspective, the process of market-oriented reform in our country is much faster than that in western countries, and the time is much shorter, so all kinds of contradictions and problems are bound to be more concentrated. We have thought of some problems, and I'm afraid we haven't thought of some. Even if we have thought of some problems and taken measures, it is really difficult to solve them quickly in a short time. When I say this, I don't mean that there will be large-scale corruption in our country. That's not what I mean, but I want to make it clear that it is not accidental that corruption appears in large numbers during the transition period between the old and new systems. We also have a special feature, that is, the transition from a planned economy system to a market economy system, which is different from that of Britain and the United States at that time and has such special circumstances. Therefore, it is by no means accidental that corruption appears in large numbers during the transition period between the old and new systems, but a special phenomenon related to the economic, political and social characteristics of this period. In other words, the phenomena that could not happen in the planned economy period in the past, or those that are not easy to happen after the establishment of a mature market economy in the future, are likely to appear in this drastic transition period. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that opposing and preventing corruption is a historical process that requires the efforts of several generations or even dozens of generations. This system transition is a process, a historical process, so it is also a historical process to curb corruption, which is an important background and historical reason for corruption in China. It is in such a special historical environment that we are fighting against corruption. From this perspective, China's anti-corruption struggle is indeed long-term, arduous and complicated. It is unrealistic to think that corruption will be eliminated in a short time. Of course, we should have a sense of urgency, enhance our sense of responsibility, and grasp the current work more tightly and do it better.

Second, at this stage, the breeding and spread of social corruption in China still need to find the reasons from the changes in economic base and production relations.

Our party conscientiously summed up the past experience and lessons, implemented the policy of public ownership as the main body and the common development of various ownership economies, gradually eliminated the constraints of unreasonable ownership structure on the development of productive forces, and promoted the sustained and rapid economic development. At the same time, the adjustment of ownership structure will lead to the diversification of stakeholders. In order to pursue their own best interests, they will obtain limited resources in various ways, which will easily lead to unfair competition under the imperfect market economic system, thus leading to corruption problems such as bribery.

A few years ago, one of our provinces made a statistics on bribery cases of cadres at or above the county level. The results show that private individuals pay 36% of the total bribes, collective units (including affiliated individual industrial and commercial households) pay 39% of the total bribes, and state-owned enterprises pay 2 1%. Of course, this is only a provincial statistic. In China, personal income is distributed according to work, and various modes of distribution coexist. Encouraging citizens to get rich first through honest labor and legal management is of course conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of workers, optimizing the allocation of resources and promoting economic development. At the same time, we should also see that unfair distribution will inevitably occur when the distribution conditions and mechanisms are not perfect. In the economic take-off stage of a country, the income gap is likely to widen in the process of gradual upward economic growth. Judging from the process of human economic development, it is possible to widen, but the gap is large and small. Only when social wealth has accumulated to a certain extent and the remaining part is getting bigger and bigger can we take great restraint to adjust income distribution. Judging from the situation in our country, four years ago, that is, in 2000, our country's Gini coefficient exceeded 0.4%, which is an international warning line and has already exceeded it. In some countries, civil servants are psychologically unbalanced about low income, which is also a factor that induces corruption.

Third, subjective and work reasons. As Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out, imperfect education, imperfect system and weak supervision are still important reasons for the breeding and spread of corruption.

In terms of education, some cadres in party member have not really established Marxist world outlook, outlook on life and values, and cannot stand the test of power, money and beauty. Their ideals and beliefs wavered, their selfish desires expanded viciously, and some of them were hurt by homesickness and friendship. From the beginning of the collection of gifts and red envelopes, it was out of control and eventually developed into a crime. In recent years, many leading cadres in party member, including senior leading cadres, expressed remorse and great regret in the process of being investigated. Our party and our country have repeatedly said hello for so many years, and we regret it when something happens. We should try our best to save most cadres who have made mistakes. For a few stubborn corrupt elements, we must make them politically discredited, financially bankrupt and psychologically regretful. There is nothing to regret.

The system is not perfect and the implementation is weak. Because there are still some weak links in the management system and mechanism system in the process of perfecting the whole market economy system in China, which objectively leaves an opportunity for corruption to breed and spread. Although we attach great importance to the construction of the legal system, and our anti-corruption laws and regulations system is constantly improving, it is still not perfect in general. Some of them still lack corresponding supporting and detailed measures, and some of them lag behind the reality. Many laws and regulations are not implemented in place, especially the supervision and restriction mechanism is not perfect and the implementation is not effective, which makes some corrupt elements take advantage of the loopholes to seek personal gain. Since 1996, there have been 119 directors and deputy directors of communications departments in1provinces, mainly focusing on key links such as project bidding, material procurement and fund management. Last year, the investment in transportation infrastructure was about 340 billion yuan, with an average of tens of billions in a province. If the system management and supervision can't keep up, such a large investment fund will easily go wrong. In addition, in some places and departments, there is still a phenomenon of being hard and soft. The party is lax and humanism prevails. Some cadres in party member pay more attention to promotion and use, but neglect education management. Some local departments have failed to implement the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, and the anti-corruption task has not really been put in place. The responsibility system of party style and clean government is a good document. 1998, it is very difficult to formulate a good document, and it is even more difficult to implement a good document. As a full-time supervisory organ of the party and the government, there are still weak links in the work of our discipline inspection commission, which is subjective and work-related.

Fourth, there are still soil and conditions for corruption to breed and spread in society.

As we all know, China has a feudal social history of thousands of years, and the residual influence of feudalism still exists. After the opening to the outside world, the decadent ideas and lifestyles of western capitalism took advantage of it, which led to the growth of wrong ideas such as individualism, money worship and hedonism in society, which corroded some people's thoughts and affected the public's honest mentality. Due to deep-seated reasons such as history and culture, the atmosphere of honesty, glory and corruption in the whole society is not strong enough. I have read a piece of information, reflecting that the price of a box of moon cakes in a shopping mall this Mid-Autumn Festival is 3 1000 yuan. How to achieve this? What kind of social psychology and social needs does it cater to? There are many reasons for the low incidence rate in some Nordic countries, which are closely related to their social education, honesty awareness and civilization level. We began to fight corruption in such soil and cultural environment.

Our questionnaire survey in enterprises also shows that 56% employees hate corruption very much, but what would you do if you knew some clues about corruption? For such a problem, 28% choose "fear of reporting and retaliation", 15% choose "report only when it involves their own interests" and "if bribery can solve the problem you need to solve urgently, will you do it?" In fact, 35% of people choose "Yes" and 63% choose "It depends". This shows that the breeding and spread of corruption in some fields have had a considerable negative impact on the public's mentality, which in turn has contributed to the breeding and spread of corruption, which is a deep-seated reason.

(C) How to correctly view the current anti-corruption situation

First, how to correctly view the current situation of anti-corruption work is a very important political issue.

We should not only persistently carry out the anti-corruption struggle, but also guard against and prevent hostile forces from using this issue to slander the party and society. Not long ago, a Hong Kong publication made a rumor that the central government conducted a public opinion survey in 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities nationwide, and the results showed that the satisfaction rate of China was less than 20%, which was totally nonsense. At present, some people with ulterior motives fabricate rumors that seem true, so we should pay special attention to be vigilant. In addition, in 10 this year, there was also a signed article on the internet, saying that a certain organ disclosed that more than 10,000 corrupt officials had fled, involving 800 billion yuan, including 430 million yuan, and 27 people were above 10 billion yuan, and so on. Moreover, a table showing how many people are in a certain province, how many people are in a certain province, and how many billions have fled is groundless. There are 367 people in a certain province,11700 million yuan, 206 people in a certain province, 25 billion yuan, and 480 people in a certain province, 36.5 billion yuan. It seems that it has been accurate to one place. It's all rumors, groundless and out of thin air. Especially since the beginning of this year, hostile forces have concentrated on attacking some key departments of the party and the state, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Central Propaganda Department, the Central Organization Department and other key departments, and the party and state leaders by using new media and the Internet. In their words, it is to use the Internet to lay trunk lines. If a department breaks through, you can't control the producer. All of us kind people must be on high alert. Hostile forces at home and abroad use corruption to spread rumors and slander. On the one hand, it does increase the difficulty of our anti-corruption struggle, on the other hand, it also increases the difficulty of our correct understanding of the anti-corruption situation. Therefore, we must see the sharpness and complexity of this struggle, maintain a high degree of political vigilance and enhance political sensitivity.

Second, how to correctly view the current situation of anti-corruption work is not only a question of political stance, but also a question of ideological methods.

Some people say that corruption is becoming more and more corrupt now, which means that you don't think corruption is not so serious, but it is increasing. That was not the case. First, let's do a quantitative analysis. Last year, we dealt with more than 174,000 party member. According to the system, party member was dealt with and punished by150,000, 60,000,160,000 and 70,000 respectively, accounting for 2. 1% of the total number of party member in the Party. However, party member's punishment should be analyzed, which does not mean that he is a corrupt element. No, violation of discipline and corruption cannot be confused. The vast majority of party member who were punished were punished not because of corruption, but because of accidents, including at all levels, because they violated the family planning policy, or because their work style or life style was disorderly. Therefore, we can't confuse violation of discipline with corruption, and corrupt elements are very few in our party. Corrupt elements are political concepts. When it comes to people and things, it depends on whether it is against discipline or law. The so-called duty crime, from the point of view of breaking the law, from the point of view of our party, how many of the170,000 party member who were punished last year were expelled from the party and transferred to the judicial organs? According to our statistics, there were 97 18 people last year, accounting for 1.5% of the total in party member. Of the 10,000 members of our Party, 5 were expelled from the Party 1.5 and transferred to judicial organs 1. Of course, this ratio has fluctuated over the years, but the general trend is that this ratio is still gradually decreasing. Secondly, we should look at the problem dialectically. In the past five years, we have roughly counted the time span (that is, the time from the first crime to the final crime) of provincial and ministerial cadres investigated and dealt with in CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, with an average of 6.4 years, about 6 years. For example, in 2003, that is, last year, 1 1 provinces were investigated for economic problems, and 9 of them had problems before 1996, and they were dug out after deep excavation. In this sense, all corrupt elements can't completely disguise themselves, paper can't cover fire, and it will be exposed one day.

We also need to look at the problem objectively. How to judge the effectiveness of anti-corruption should have an objective standard, and the data of opinion polls is an important parameter.

This year, the Urban Investigation Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics and the Research Office of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection conducted a random sampling survey of 10,000 people in ten provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The survey results show that the public's recognition and satisfaction with the effectiveness of anti-corruption has greatly improved. This survey has been going on for nine years. Compared with this year's 1996, the satisfaction increased from 32.8% in 1996 to 57.3% this year, and last year it exceeded 50% for the first time. Judging from the random sampling survey, people's satisfaction and relative satisfaction with our anti-corruption work exceeded 50% for the first time last year and reached 57% this year. It's not easy, it's not simple, and it's not easy for people at all levels and in all aspects in the sample survey. Recognition, satisfaction and relative satisfaction, these recognition indicators add up to 65438+62.4% in 0996, reaching 80.3% this year. See how much improvement there is. We should also see that in recent years, some foreign political parties and politicians have made positive changes in their evaluation of China's anti-corruption in recent years. Not long ago, the chairman of a political party in Thailand visited China, and after listening to the introduction of anti-corruption work by the responsible persons concerned, I now understand why the ruling parties in the former Soviet Union and some countries in Eastern Europe collapsed, while the China * * * production party not only did not collapse, but also gained a firm foothold. Last month, a leading comrade of the Central Committee visited abroad, and the speaker of a national parliament repeatedly talked about why China's economy developed so fast and its construction was so good, mainly because the leadership of China's * * * production party was favorable and the effect of punishing corruption was remarkable, which won the hearts of the people. At present, some countries, including some in Southeast Asia, such as newly elected Indonesian President Susilo fully affirmed China's anti-corruption experience and proposed to learn from China's experience and practices in the anti-corruption struggle. This is the second point I want to add.

Third, we should not only see the objective reality that the factors that induce corruption are hard to eliminate in the short term, but also fully see that there are many favorable conditions for effectively curbing corruption in China, at least the following:

First, after the 16th National Congress, the new central collective leadership has a clear-cut stand, a firm attitude and effective measures, and the anti-corruption work is facing new opportunities.

Second, the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system and the implementation of the basic strategy of governing the country according to law have provided us with more favorable institutional conditions and legal environment for preventing corruption from the source. In a sense, anti-corruption depends on the continuous advancement of system reform, which depends to a large extent. Therefore, after the 16th National Congress, we should establish a relatively perfect social market economic system before 20 10, and then it will take about 10 years to establish a perfect social market economic system, so that the institutional conditions will be gradually improved. The strategy of governing the country according to law, especially the legislation of clean government, should be further strengthened. With the implementation of the basic strategy of governing the country according to law, the legal and institutional conditions for preventing corruption from the source are much better than those in the past 90 s or even 80 s, which is also a favorable condition.

Third, the cadres and the masses have enhanced their awareness of democracy and the legal system, and their enthusiasm for supporting and participating in anti-corruption has been further improved. About 70% of our clues to investigating major cases come from the masses. We have some cases this year, including those investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. One of the major cases was reported by cadres and the masses, with signature and specific clues. Signature reporting can now account for about 12%, which is much higher than in the past, indicating that the awareness of democracy and legal system among cadres and the masses is constantly increasing. The external environment is also more favorable than before. After we signed the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the external environment became more favorable.

Fourth, the ability of law enforcement teams at all levels to effectively break through cases in practice has been continuously enhanced, the overall level of anti-corruption work has been improved, the cycle of handling cases has been greatly shortened compared with the past, and the efficiency of handling cases has been continuously improved.

Fifth, our party has explored effective ways to fight corruption that are suitable for China's basic national conditions at this stage, accumulated rich experience in preventing corruption, and provided a reliable guarantee for our party to overcome corruption.