Anti-corruption article titled 1: Establish a correct view of power and be a good public servant. The CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that leading cadres should firmly establish a correct view of power &; As a long-term important task of the Party, ldquo should be adhered to&; Rdquo is a very necessary and important work, and we must attach great importance to the ownership of rights, the use of power and the service direction of power.
First, why should we emphasize firmly establishing a correct view of power?
History has proved that without management, no matter a department or a country will become fragmented, without cohesion and direction. The construction and management of the ruling party is much more difficult than that without it. Our party is the ruling party of Marxism. Today, the objective environment of our party's construction and supervision has undergone major changes. If we cadres in party member do not firmly establish a correct view of power, we will inevitably make such mistakes and even commit crimes. In addition, some of our party organizations are facing the new situation and new tasks of developing the socialist market economy, and there are also some & ldquo; s inadaptability in the primary stage of socialism. Rdquo and & ldquo do not conform to&; Rdquo Some departments and units in China still have problems of lax management of the Party and improper employment, and some deep-seated problems are highlighted in deepening reform and opening up and building a harmonious society. Therefore, the purpose of firmly establishing a correct view of power is to better grasp the power, serve the people, make our party never divorced from the people, and make our party more wise, great, full of vitality, cohesive and invincible forever.
Second, how to correctly understand and grasp the concept of power
We should set out from the essence of power and establish a correct view of power. Our power comes from the trust and trust of the people and should be used to serve the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people. We must never turn power into a tool for individuals or a few people to seek personal gain, otherwise the people can take back this right. We must always follow the correct principle of mastering and exercising power for the people, and at the same time we must always consciously accept the supervision of the party and the people in exercising power. At present, a few comrades can't exercise their rights correctly. One of the important reasons is that they violate the principle and evade supervision.
Originally, it is the simplest truth that whoever grants rights should serve. However, in the minds of a few party member cadres,&; Who is ldquo &; There are three main deviations that make the rdquo problem a problem:
The first cognitive deviation is&; Ldquo, who can decide my promotion? Who do I trust and who do I serve? & amprdquo Today's inner-party relations, looking for a backer,&; Ldquo runs an official position &; How did the rdquo phenomenon come out? First, it is related to the imperfect and imperfect mechanism of employing and selecting people; First, it is related to this misunderstanding of the purpose of power. After all, it is right &; Where does ldquo power come from &; The problem of rdquo is not very clear in theory. Where does the power in the hands of cadres at all levels come from? Fundamentally speaking, it is the people who delegate public power to the government in a certain way, and government workers and party member cadres are the concrete implementers of public power. Many of our party and government cadres, except for the appointment and dismissal of higher-level governments, have been given certain rights only after being approved by the National People's Congress or soliciting public opinions through other means, and have never been given by individual leaders at will. As a person with power, this must be firmly remembered.
The second cognitive bias is&; Ldquo, I won the power in my hand. & amprdquo This understanding should also be analyzed in detail. At least three points must be noted: first, any individual's progress and achievements do have factors of diligent study and hard work, but in the process of your struggle, your personal efforts cannot be separated from the help of colleagues, from the collective concern, and from the cultivation of organizations; Second, we should see a cadre take a leading position. Although there are personal subjective efforts and creative factors, there are indeed historical opportunities. Our current cadre team is indeed full of talents, and the hidden dragon is crouching tiger. However, due to the pagoda structure of the cadre team, the stability of the cadre team should be considered. Many comrades have not been promoted, not all because of their ability and level, which is inseparable from opportunities. Another is that no matter what leadership position you are in, no matter how hard you work, the power in your hand can only be used to serve the people, not to be a tool for personal gain. This is not only related to your personal progress and growth, but also to the support of the people and the consolidation of the party's ruling position. That kind of thinking &; The power in ldquo's hands is earned by personal struggle &; Rdquo Our understanding is incorrect and does not conform to the correct view of power.
The third cognitive bias is&; Ldquo I can do whatever I want in the one-acre three-point land that I am responsible for, and I can do whatever I want. & amprdquo This misunderstanding of the use of power is inseparable from the misunderstanding of power supervision. At present, the phenomenon of arbitrarily undermining democratic centralism by using the power in one's hand occurs from time to time, and some &; Ldquo uses a word, a pen and a wave of his hand to do things &; Rdquo is detrimental to the prestige and image of the Party, which is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, it engages in cronyism in the selection and appointment of cadres; Second, in major economic decisions, individuals have the final say, and some people think that I don't commit corruption or accept bribes, and at most I make a decision-making mistake, which is nothing. This understanding is very wrong. Dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty are no less harmful than corruption, bribery and abuse of power for personal gain, and should also be severely punished. If a leading cadre regards the power in his hands as absolute, supreme, overbearing, arbitrary, self-righteous and refuses to supervise, he will make mistakes one day and be spurned by the people one day.
In a word, the correct view of power we want to establish has a very distinct &; Ldquo male * * * sex&; rdquo。 In order to have &; Ldquo reputation &; Rdquo is based on doing practical things for the people. This kind of & masculine &; First, the power in rdquo hands comes from the people; Second, the power in hand must not benefit individuals or small groups, but should serve the people to the maximum extent; Third, the power in your hands can only act according to the wishes and demands of the people. You should carefully check people's feelings, sincerely listen to public opinions, help people get rich, consciously protect people's safety, and consciously and strictly put your power under the supervision of the people.
Third, how can we firmly establish a correct view of power?
Leading cadres should establish a correct view of power. In the final analysis, it is to fundamentally solve the problems of world outlook and outlook on life. The temptation of power and the stimulation of money require each of our leading cadres to always keep a clear head and must do the following:
(1) Strengthen study. Strengthening study is very beneficial to improve people's spiritual realm and consciously resist negative corruption. At present, we should study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Jiang Zemin & ldquo Theory of Three Represents Theory. Important thoughts, learn from Scientific Outlook on Development, and arm your mind with the latest theory of the Party. The present environment is much more complicated than in the past, and all kinds of temptations and tests are much more severe than in the past, especially in key positions, sensitive positions and industries, including &; First place in ldquo. Post, can be said to be&; Ldquo high risk &; The position of rdquo. Facts have proved that some comrades who performed well in the past lost their way and degenerated into corrupt elements under complicated circumstances. The fundamental lesson is that they have neglected their studies for a long time, unconsciously transformed their subjective world, and thought too much about their personal reputation, status and interests. As a result, their selfish desires expanded and they did whatever they wanted. Therefore, we should bear in mind that Hu Jintao proposed to establish a correct &; Ldquo's style of thought, study, work, leadership and life &; Rdquo and put it into action.
(2) Strengthen self-cultivation. Strengthening the cultivation of party spirit is a great advantage and strength of our party. Comrade Liu Shaoqi wrote "On the Cultivation of Producer party member", which educated and influenced several generations of producers. During the revolutionary war years, party member cadres should stress personal cultivation; After the Party came to power, party member cadres should also pay attention to their self-cultivation in the process of reform, opening up and modernization. Power is a double-edged sword that can make people noble or corrupt. The greater the power, the heavier the responsibility and the more tests. Keep a clear head, sound an alarm, consciously be self-respecting, self-reflective, self-alert, and self-motivated, and persist in doing it within eight hours or more &; Ldquo, four notes. ：
First of all&; The power of ldquo prudence &; rdquo。 We should use the power entrusted by the people carefully, live up to the great trust of the party and the people, and take good power for the people. Some party member cadres are cautious when they first take up leadership positions, can look at themselves objectively, maintain a high degree of sensitivity, pay attention to learning the strengths of others, and listen to the opinions of the masses with an open mind; However, when the work has achieved results and there are many praises around, it begins to get carried away. If you continue, you will be proud of yourself and regard your achievements as bargaining capital with the organization and the masses, even above the organization.
Secondly, we should &; Ldquo's cautious desire &; rdquo。 Dutch philosopher Spinoza said:&; Ldquo desire is the essence of human beings, and what kind of desire can reveal what people are like. & amprdquo; Remember not to care about fame and fortune, not to be greedy for money, not to be close to beauty, and to always maintain the noble sentiments of party member cadres, we must achieve three &; Ldquo didn't. It's not that easy. People are not vegetation, they all have &; Ldquo secular desire. . However, if you have power in your hand and you think you can indulge yourself at will, be self-righteous and do something out of line, that means you will stumble.
The third is&; Ldquo, be careful. . Don't be disturbed by human feelings, don't be moved by family, don't be moved by friendship, stick to principles and handle affairs impartially. Normal affection and friendship are understandable. Many cadres in party member also hate specialization from the bottom of their hearts. However, once something happens, it is very difficult. Some people do as the Romans do, while others leave it as it is. In fact, the so-called ethos is how to form. Therefore, as party cadres, no matter how powerful they are, they should start from themselves and understand what to do, what not to do, what to do and what not to do. Do a good job of persuasion, stick to principles and adopt appropriate methods, and finally you can get the understanding of your relatives and friends.
The fourth is&; Ldquo cautious independence &; rdquo。 Alone and unsupervised, you should be able to discipline yourself and live a completely clean life. At present, in some departments and units,&; Ldquo three unhealthy trends &; Rdquo is a flagging wind, a gift-giving wind, and a&; Ldquo display &; rdquo； The wind. Among these three unhealthy trends, the one that is most difficult to resist is the gift-giving and receiving trend, because it is hidden and potentially dangerous. The seriousness and danger of the problem lies in the fact that a few cadres in party member think it is just to accept such money &; Ldquo Grey Income &; Rdquo, & ampldquo Humanity &; Rdquo, take it, and you will feel at ease after the fight. Therefore, the key is that party member cadres can be self-disciplined, self-controlled, control their minds, stretch out their hands, keep their mouths shut and resist temptation under any circumstances, so as to ensure that the power entrusted by the people always serves the people with noble personality.
(3) accept supervision. Establishing a correct view of power depends on both ideological education and institutional guarantee, and it is very necessary to consciously accept supervision. An important aspect of leading cadres' correct treatment and exercise of power is to consciously accept the supervision of party organizations and the masses. Under the current imperfect system, mechanism and system, it is more important and urgent to consciously accept supervision. Self-discipline and supervision, the key is to seriously treat and handle the relationship with spouses and children, and seriously treat and handle the relationship with the staff around; Seriously treat and deal with the relationship between staff in sensitive positions of commercial personnel, and truly do not cross the line, cross the line, go where you shouldn't go, don't go where you don't want, and don't go where you shouldn't play. Take the lead in self-discipline and consciously accept supervision.
Over the past 20 years of reform and opening-up, the people have benefited from the Party's correct line and principles and wise policies, and they have certain feelings for the Party. In today's information flow, if a few cadres are temporarily emotional, it will inevitably lead to a chain reaction caused by mistakes in decision-making, making it difficult to carry out the work, resulting in unbalanced government credibility, declining prestige of cadres, disharmony and even serious consequences. Therefore, the use and operation of rights should be fair, open and just, so as to improve people's satisfaction, improve the smoothness of work, improve people's credibility in the party's policies, government power and the image of cadres, and be conducive to the harmonious development of society and the smooth development of all work. All party member cadres should firmly establish a correct view of power, cherish their love for the people, abide by the responsibility of serving the people, be good at enriching the people, do more practical things for the people, establish a good image of party member cadres serving the people, being honest and clean, and be willing to be good public servants of the people. Zhoushi Town Party School March 2007
Title II Anti-corruption articles: From self-discipline and restriction to checks and balances: the transformation of anti-corruption ideas and the deepening of corruption can be said to be power &; Where there is power, there is the possibility of corruption. The question is how far this possible performance can't be realized. In order to prevent corruption from becoming a reality or to keep it within a minimum, we must impose some restrictions on power, and whether it can be effectively restricted depends on what strategies and means are adopted. Since the reform and opening up, the history of anti-corruption in China has been a history of constantly exploring effective ways to control and restrict power, and has gone through a road from self-discipline to restriction and then to checks and balances.
Self-discipline and its limitations
After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up for a long time, the basic idea of controlling power is to resort to ideological and moral education and self-discipline of public officials. Once upon a time, a corrupt official was found out, often &; Ldquo was eroded by decadent bourgeois ideas &; Rdquo, & ampldquo Relax the transformation of the subjective world &; Rdquo, wait a minute. Since the cause of corruption is attributed to ideological understanding, the corresponding anti-corruption measures are education, making the misdeeds of corrupt elements into warning films for everyone to see, or carrying out centralized ideological rectification activities when the problem is serious.
Behind self-discipline and ideological anti-corruption is the assumption that human nature is good or official nature is good. For example, we mistake ideals for reality, thinking that public institutions will not have their own special interests, and public officials are a group of & ldquo; pure people &; Rdquo, and. Ldquo, a person without vulgar taste &; rdquo。 However, power has the attributes of self-expansion and exclusion, which is undoubtedly &; Ldquo tiger skin for tiger skin &; rdquo； In the same way, asking for power self-supervision does not conform to the original meaning of supervision, because supervision contains the spirit of heteronomy.
The dilemma of one-dimensional restriction
After the mid-1990 s, relying on self-discipline gradually turned to relying mainly on external constraints. Judging from the report of the National Party Congress, the report of the 14th National Congress has not yet appeared &; Ldquo restricts the word rdquo; The report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward &; Ldquo Establish and improve the restriction mechanism for exercising power according to law&; rdquo； The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward &; Ldquo establishes a power operation mechanism with reasonable structure, scientific configuration, strict procedures and effective constraints, and strengthens the supervision of power from decision-making and implementation; Rdquo, defined the direction of efforts to improve the power operation mechanism and the key link of power supervision.
However, in practice, the restriction and supervision of power has evolved into a one-dimensional restriction of superior power on subordinate power, which is embodied in the collection or vertical centralization of power. In the administrative field, vertical management is a means to collect local government power. There are more and more vertical management systems at the central or provincial level, involving more than 30 departments such as customs, finance, foreign exchange, maritime affairs, industry and commerce, taxation, quality inspection, food and medicine, land, tobacco, salt industry, environmental protection and statistics. In view of rural grassroots corruption, many places have introduced &; Town (township) management of ldquo village finance office &; Under the rdquo system, the township government directly controls the finance of the village committee to reverse the financial chaos at the village level. In view of the corruption of county party Committee secretaries, some provinces adopt the method of provincial management and directly interfere with the inspection and appointment and removal of county party Committee secretaries. In view of the corruption in employing people, the organization department has also taken &; Ldquo does everything &; Rdquo practice, deeply involved in the nomination, inspection, employment and assessment of cadres in various systems and units. In particular, the main leaders of the supervision systems such as courts, procuratorates and disciplinary committees &; Ldquo airborne &; Rdquo or & communicate in different places &; Rdquo, through the control of personnel authority to achieve monitoring of these areas.
There are obvious defects in the anti-corruption mode of vertical centralization. First, restrain the autonomy of lower institutions and strengthen &; Ldquo waiting for help &; Rdquo thought, the enthusiasm of superiors and subordinates became the enthusiasm of superiors. Second, the governance capacity of lower institutions is weakened. Due to the integration of human rights, financial power and administrative power, the main body of grass-roots and local management has been dismembered, and it is impossible to respond to the needs of the people in a timely and effective manner. The dilemma of grass-roots and local governance will ultimately affect the legitimacy of the ruling party and government. Third, increase the load of colleges and universities. The distrust of superiors to subordinates leads to the expansion of power and meticulous supervision, which leads to a sharp increase in the management of superiors. Restricting and supervising the majority with the minority will not result in&; Ldquo attend to one thing and lose another &; Rdquo, or&out of reach &; rdquo。 For example, a provincial organization has to face hundreds of bureau-level units, thousands of bureau-level cadres and tens of thousands of bureau-level reserve cadres. If nothing else, just from the workload, the management difficulty can be imagined. Without knowing it,&; Ldquo is promoted with illness &; It is difficult for rdquo to eradicate this phenomenon.
Restricting and supervising subordinates through superior centralization also embodies a theory of good nature. Different from self-discipline strategy, the premise of self-discipline strategy is that all public officials can make good use of their power through education and self-awareness, while the premise of centralized strategy is that lower institutions and personnel are evil and will have problems, while higher institutions and personnel are good and will not have problems. In fact, when the power moves up and the higher authorities and personnel have more power, the probability of their problems will also increase rapidly. Ldquo decentralized corruption &; rdquobe & amp； ldquo； Centralized corruption &; Replace rdquo with. In recent years, public officials of central state organs have been continuously investigated (such as&; Ldquo Zheng Xiaoyu case &; Rdquo), at or above the county level &; First place in ldquo. Duty crimes have accounted for nearly 40% of cadres at or above the county level (such as&; Ldquo Chen Liangyu case &; Rdquo) is proof.
Be prepared for checks and balances.
Due to the simplification of understanding, we have long regarded checks and balances as western &; Ldquo separation of powers &; Rdquo accompanies and criticizes &; Ldquo separation of powers &; Rdquo is denied when checks and balances are combined. Therefore, it is difficult to find the word & ldquo checks and balances & rdquo, if any, which is a derogatory term. But we can find an approximate expression with the meaning of checks and balances & mdash & mdash & ldquo mutual restriction & rdquo. According to the Constitution, courts, procuratorates and public security organs should be responsible for the division of labor, cooperate with each other and restrict each other in handling criminal cases. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further proposes to improve the institutional setup, division of powers and management system of judicial organs, and further improve the judicial system with clear rights and responsibilities, mutual cooperation, mutual restraint and efficient operation. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China continued with &; The distribution of ldquo judicial power &; Rdquo expresses the reform requirements between judicial powers. This means that in the judicial system, mutual restraint is no longer limited to handling criminal cases, but extends to all aspects. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also puts forward the requirement of optimizing the power structure and operating mechanism on a larger level, namely &; Ldquo establishes and improves the power structure and operation mechanism of mutual restriction and coordination among decision-making, execution and supervision; rdquo。 It is of far-reaching significance to divide power into three parts and make them mutually restrict and coordinate, so as to deepen the reform of political system and control authority from the system.
It is worth noting that in recent years, & ldquo; checks and balances & rdquo; has officially appeared in party documents and leadership speeches. On June 5438+ 10, 2003, the Decision on Perfecting the Socialist Market Economic System adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee first used the word ldquo to check and balance & rdquo, which called for the formation of a check and balance mechanism among internal power organs, decision-making organs, supervision organs and managers. June 5438 +2008 10, Comrade Hu Jintao used ldquo to balance &; Rdquo's concept of "anti-corruption" puts forward that we should combine the driving force of reform, the persuasiveness of education, the binding force of system, the checks and balances of supervision and the deterrent force of punishment to enhance the integrity, coordination, systematicness and effectiveness of anti-corruption construction.
The principle of checks and balances puts forward new requirements for the governance structure or power allocation of political organizations, specifically to optimize three relationships: First, the relationship between members and organizations. Members have the right to express and realize the same will directly or indirectly (through representatives), and the corresponding organizations have the obligation to respect these rights; On the contrary, members are obliged to abide by and implement decisions made through democratic and legal procedures, and organizations have the right to maintain the authority of these decisions. Secondly, the core of related organizational relations within the organization is the relationship between decision-making, implementation and supervision. Decision-making should fully carry forward democracy, implementation should pay attention to efficiency, and supervision should emphasize serious authority. Finally, the relationship between the superior organization and the subordinate organization. Should be clear about their respective scope of authority, neither the following offense, nor the above offense.
Reasonable governance structure is not only the requirement of modern enterprises, but also the requirement of modern government, political parties, grass-roots organizations and various social organizations. When members' voting rights, expression rights and right to know are invalid, the organization is divorced from the will of members. When the highest decision-making organ is absent and the supervisory organ is absent or unable to play its role, it will inevitably lead to the executive organ &; Ldquo sit up straight & rdquo. When the superior has done all the work, the subordinate organization has not taken the initiative to take responsibility. If the governance structure of subordinate organizations is not perfect, the problem of power alienation cannot be fundamentally solved.
Starting with the decomposition of power and the balance of power, it has begun to take shape in practice. For example, in recent years &; Ldquo village official rdquo has become an important group of corruption. & ampldquo The institutional reason of village official rdquo's crime is that there are decision-making organs (villagers' congresses) and executive organs (villagers' committees) in the grass-roots mass autonomy structure, but there is a lack of special supervision organs; Because the villagers' congress is not permanent, it is impossible to effectively supervise the village Committee. In order to guard against &; Corruption has occurred in some places in the village official ldquo &; Ldquo supervisory Committee. And. Ldquo village affairs supervisory board &; Rdquo, and. Ldquo villagers' representative meeting &; Rdquo and other institutions specialize in the daily supervision of village committees. These institutional innovations have been written into the organic law of villagers' committees being revised.
Similar institutional deficiencies in grass-roots mass autonomy can also be seen in other fields, so the reform in these fields must also follow the logic of grass-roots system reform. This may be another time after the reform and opening up&; Ldquo countryside surrounds the city. The difference in the rdquo process is that the previous one happened in the field of economic system reform (&; Ldquo joint production contract; Rdquo), this time in the field of political system reform. (Editor: Nianwei)