Water is a human desire,
Water is a major strategic issue related to national security.
However, what we need is water. Lack of water is an indisputable helplessness.
Because of lack of water, many Woye oases have turned into vast Gobi, and our ancestors had to leave their homes several times and move to distant lands.
Because of the lack of water, we had to mobilize the whole family, men, women and children, and picked up all the pots and pans that could be used to grab water and ran around.
However, for a long time, what we have least respected is water, uncontrolled development, generous waste, clear pollution and constant leakage. Water users never ask: tap water? Where are you from?
Therefore, we have to pick up the slogan "Saving water is glorious, wasting is shameful" again to awaken people's consciousness. It should be said that the shortage of water resources caused by natural factors cannot be changed as a whole, but the shortage of water resources aggravated by human factors can be alleviated through efforts. This effort is to vigorously advocate water saving and pollution control, which is something we can and must do in our efforts to change the shortage of water resources. The key is to save water, starting from me and starting from everyone who uses water.
Saving water is because of lack of water.
According to many years' records, about 400 cities out of more than 670 cities in China are chronically short of water, among which 1 10 cities are seriously short of water, and the annual water shortage exceeds 6 billion cubic meters. Because water shortage affects the industrial output value by about 200 billion yuan every year, many cities are forced to regularly limit water supply during drought.
What is the seriousness of the problem? -Water resources are extremely scarce. China is one of the three countries with the poorest water resources in the world. The per capita water resources are less than 2300 cubic meters, which is only equivalent to the world's per capita 1/4, and the spatial and temporal distribution is seriously uneven. In terms of time, the annual precipitation in northern provinces (cities, districts) is mainly concentrated in July, August and September, and the rest of the time is dry and rainy; In terms of space, there are more water resources in the south than in the north, and the per capita water resources in the north are even lower, less than 2000 cubic meters, and some provinces are even lower than 500 cubic meters. According to internationally recognized standards, per capita 1.750 cubic meters is the water shortage line, and 1.000 cubic meters is the basic survival line. It shows that the shortage of water resources in China is very prominent.
The problem is that with the improvement of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the number of urban agglomerations is increasing, the scale of cities and towns is expanding, the proportion of urban water use will gradually increase, and the contradiction of urban water shortage will become more and more prominent.
As far as our province is concerned, Shaanxi is one of the provinces with serious shortage of water resources, with per capita water resources of 1.266 cubic meters, which is only 1/2 of the national average and 1/8 of the world average. According to the cultivated land area, the average water resource per mu is 860 cubic meters, which is only 44% of the national average. Shaanxi is long and narrow from north to south, with uneven distribution of water resources and unreasonable combination of water and soil. The land area south of the Qinling Mountains accounts for 37% of the whole province, while the water resources account for 765,438+0% of the whole province, and the area north of the Qinling Mountains accounts for 63% of the whole province, while the water resources only account for 29% of the whole province. Especially in Guanzhong area, the economy is relatively developed, and urban agglomerations are relatively concentrated. The population accounts for 60% of the province, the cultivated land accounts for 55% of the province, and the industrial and agricultural output value accounts for more than 80% of the province. The per capita water resources is only 388 cubic meters, accounting for 30% of the province's per capita, which is less than the national average of 1/6 and the world average of 1/26, which is far from the existing water resources. Secondly, the changes of water resources in our province vary greatly within and between years. Hydrological data show that the surface runoff in our province can reach more than 80 billion cubic meters in wet years, and less than 28 billion cubic meters in dry years, with a ratio of 3: 1. The distribution of water resources in the year is also very uneven, with 7- 10 accounting for 60-70% of the annual runoff, and the remaining eight months only account for 30-40% of the annual runoff. In addition, disasters characterized by drought and water shortage are very frequent in our province. According to the historical records of 620 years from 137 1 to 1990, there were 290 large-scale continuous droughts in 1-2 years, once every two years on average. Among them, 1950- 1990 suffered from different degrees of drought for 37 times, with an average of 1. 1, and the annual average affected area exceeded130,000 mu. Since 1990s, the situation of drought and water shortage in our province has become more severe. During the period of 1.994- 1.995, the area affected by severe drought in summer and autumn alone exceeded 50 million mu, with severe drought of 28 million mu and no harvest of 5 1 10,000 mu. Long-term drought and water shortage not only caused a large-scale reduction in agricultural production, but also caused a large-scale water shortage in cities of the province for more than 20 years, which seriously affected industrial production, urban life and social stability. It is not difficult to see that the shortage of water resources has become an important factor restricting Shaanxi's economic and social development. Moreover, with the accelerating pace of urbanization in our province, the rapid development of urban economy and the continuous progress of social undertakings, and the improvement of the living standards of urban people, the contradiction of urban water shortage will become more and more prominent. Therefore, while doing a good job in urban water supply, it is very important to highlight water saving and water pollution prevention, with arduous tasks, great responsibilities and far-reaching significance.
Water saving, pollution control and reuse are the fundamental ways out.
The shortage of water resources and the continuous increase of water consumption are themselves a pair of contradictions that are difficult to solve, and the waste and pollution of water are like adding insult to injury, making the contradiction more prominent.
Water pollution is very serious in our country. The discharge of urban sewage has increased from nearly 180 billion cubic meters in 1990 to about 36 billion cubic meters now, and nearly 80% of domestic sewage has not been treated. 63.8% of urban rivers in China are moderately or severely polluted, and 97.5% of urban groundwater in 1 18 big cities is polluted to varying degrees. Although some cities in China are rich in water resources, due to the intensification of pollution, they have few available resources and become water-deficient cities. Many cities in China are facing the dilemma of "guarding the river without water". It can be seen that water pollution intensifies the shortage of water resources, making the limited water resources unable to be fully utilized, and making the reusable water resources unable to enter a virtuous circle of reuse.
Throttling, pollution control and open source are three measures that affect and interact with each other. "throttling" is determined by the basic water situation of water shortage in China and must be given priority. "Pollution control" has multiple benefits of protecting water resources, improving water environment and increasing water supply, and is the fundamental way to solve the problem of urban water shortage. The connotation of "multi-channel open source" includes not only the reasonable and moderate development of surface water and groundwater resources, but also rainwater utilization, seawater substitution, seawater desalination and recycling of sewage resources, and recycling of sewage resources should be the main way of "open source". In other words, the utilization of urban water resources should be based on pollution control, which is an inevitable requirement for protecting water quality and improving water environment, and also the fundamental way to realize the coordinated development of urban water resources and water environment.
First of all, there should be a strategic change in the prevention and control of industrial sewage. China's long-term industrial pollution control strategy focuses on terminal treatment and discharge up to standard, which has been proved by domestic and foreign countries to be costly, ineffective and inconsistent with sustainable development. Experts pointed out that sewage control should realize the strategic transformation from end treatment to source control. That is, eliminate the production process with high material and energy consumption, large water consumption and backward technology, implement "clean production", improve the utilization rate of water in the production process, implement reclaimed water treatment and recycling, reduce sewage discharge and gradually realize zero discharge. This not only reduces pollution, but also saves water resources, reduces costs, improves profits, and realizes a "win-win" between economic benefits and environmental benefits.
Secondly, we should vigorously improve the capacity of urban sewage treatment and attach importance to the recycling of urban domestic sewage. At present, urban domestic sewage discharge is the main pollution source of urban water in China, and urban domestic sewage treatment is the top priority of urban water saving and urban water environment protection at present and in the future, which requires us to take the construction of domestic sewage treatment facilities as an important part of urban infrastructure, and it is a top priority. First, according to the principle of capital preservation and low profit, the collection standard of sewage treatment fee should be raised as soon as possible, so that the construction and operation of sewage treatment facilities can have an operating mechanism that can repay investment loans and maintain daily operating expenses. The insufficient compensation of sewage treatment fee for the operation cost of facilities is an important reason for the slow construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and the serious lag of sewage treatment capacity in our province. Therefore, adjusting the sewage treatment fee will inevitably become the key to the development of sewage treatment industry. Sewage treatment and reuse are the most effective and cheapest means to solve urban ecological environment water and industrial and service water; Improving the reuse rate of sewage treatment is the fundamental measure to change the water shortage situation in water-quality cities and avoid the sharp increase of urban water price caused by long-distance water transfer. Sewage treatment and reuse is a reliable water resource and the most important condition for the long-term, stable and sustainable development of the city. Therefore, sewage treatment should be placed in an important position in urban infrastructure construction, and the adjustment of sewage treatment fee should take precedence over the adjustment of water supply price. Second, it is necessary to establish stable special investment channels for sewage treatment facilities, introduce market mechanisms, build diversified investment and financing channels, and speed up the construction of sewage treatment facilities. To improve the urban sewage treatment rate, it is necessary not only to invest in the construction of sewage treatment plants, but also to build a complete pipe network system to intercept and collect sewage, and even the investment required is far greater than the construction of sewage treatment plants itself. Therefore, it is necessary to establish stable and standardized financial injection channels and increase investment. At the same time, we must actively introduce market mechanism to attract collective, individual and foreign investors to invest in the construction and operation of urban sewage treatment facilities, and establish a sound investment return mechanism and complete and easy-to-use charging rules for treatment, recycling and sales to attract various social funds.
Saving water, price adjustment is inevitable.
If there is anything that can make the whole people care about saving water, it is water price.
For a long time, China has been implementing welfare water price, and the low water price is very unfavorable to water saving. On the one hand, people cherish water only in words, not in action; On the other hand, low water price causes insufficient investment in urban water supply and pollution control, which not only limits the development of water supply, but also limits the recycling of sewage. Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the water price, establish a set of water price formation mechanism and management mechanism that meet the requirements of market economy development, gradually increase the price of urban water supply, and promote water conservation in the whole society.
Water is not "inexhaustible", it is a resource and commodity with low renewable capacity and high value. Using the principle of economic leverage to promote people's water saving not only conforms to the principle of commodity economy, but also protects and saves water resources, which is a multi-purpose thing. The knowledge that water is a commodity did not exist in people's minds in the past. Because of this, there have been low water prices in management and widespread waste of water resources.
The water price reform involves a wide range, which is directly related to the vital interests and affordability of the people, and is not a simple price increase issue. Therefore, how to reform has become the focus of close attention.
The Tenth Five-Year Plan outlines the establishment of a reasonable water resources management system and a water price formation mechanism, which sets the goal for water price reform. The direction of urban water price reform is to gradually implement a two-part water price system combining capacity and measurement and step-by-step water price measurement, and establish a sound and reasonable water price formation mechanism. While gradually adjusting the water price within the quota, the price difference between the water used outside the quota and the water used within the quota will be widened, and the excess progressive price increase system will be implemented, so that the excess water will pay a higher economic price. The implementation of this policy has two advantages. First, water charges will not become too much burden for low-income residents. The second is to use price leverage to promote water saving. The practice in other provinces and cities and abroad proves that this method is completely feasible, and the key is to work hard on "rationality". Too low water price is a loss-making business and the most unreasonable.
Saving water and applying water-saving appliances are the key.
Saving water is an arduous and complicated project, but we must start from small things and start from little by little, which is exactly the saying, "If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become a river." Therefore, the development, popularization and application of water-saving appliances involving thousands of households are bound to become the key to urban water conservation. In the process of urban water supply and use, leakage is very serious. According to the survey data, 20% of the average water consumption of residential buildings is caused by loss, and 10- 15% is caused by the fact that the excess water can not be reused (for example, the excess water from washing clothes can be used to mop the floor and flush toilets, and the excess water from washing vegetables can be used to water flowers, etc.). If the reuse of water-saving appliances and surplus water can reduce these losses by half, the whole country can save dozens of them every year. Experiments show that the faucet drips water at the speed of one drop per second, and 240 ml of clean water can be lost in 35 minutes, so 36 tons of clean water will be dripped in a year. In fact, there are indeed many such faucets in thousands of households, and even some faucets in public places have been dripping for many years, but no one cares.
In order to popularize new water-saving appliances and technologies, people have done a lot of work to make these appliances and technologies play a role in water saving. The state and our province publish a number of designated water-saving products every year, clearly stipulating that water-saving appliances must be used in new construction, expansion and reconstruction projects. In 2000, Beijing introduced 26 water-saving measures, including: compulsory elimination of spiral lifting cast iron faucets and distribution of 2 million water-saving faucets to residents at a cost of more than 40 million yuan; Forced to use automatic circulating water facilities in the car wash. After washing the car with circulating water, some car washes only charge 90 yuan a month. It is reported that Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan and other cities have also banned 9-liter toilets, promoted the use of 6-liter toilets and forced the use of water-saving faucets.
Although all parties began to actively promote the use of new water-saving appliances and new water-saving technologies, the popularity of these appliances and technologies and their obvious role in water-saving have not yet appeared, thus forming an embarrassing situation of "applauding without being a seat". Old-fashioned toilets and faucets are still widely used, and traditional car washing methods are still everywhere. The reasons for this phenomenon are summarized as follows:
-lack of awareness of water saving, lack of sufficient understanding and enthusiasm for using water-saving appliances and technologies.
-The low water price leads to the lack of market for new water-saving appliances and new water-saving technologies.
-relevant policies are not strong enough, support is not strong enough, and rewards and punishments are not clear.
-old electrical appliances and old technologies are widely used, and it is difficult to eliminate them. The implementation of "three simultaneities" is not in place.
-The high price of water-saving appliances has affected the purchase and use of people.
In view of these problems, the relevant state departments are actively formulating countermeasures to further develop urban water-saving work. "Strengthening urban water-saving work, forcibly eliminating water-wasting appliances and equipment, popularizing water-saving appliances and equipment, and strengthening the research and development of water-saving technologies and equipment and the construction of water-saving facilities" are the goals and requirements put forward in the outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Water-saving appliances are water-saving hardware, which can effectively curb the waste of water resources, so it is in the fundamental interests of the country and people to popularize and use them as soon as possible. This is the key to urban water-saving work.
Saving water calls for the perfection of laws and regulations.
Since the early 1990s, the State Council has approved and promulgated the Regulations on Urban Water Conservation and the Regulations on Urban Water Supply. The Ministry of Construction, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the State Planning Commission jointly formulated and promulgated policies and regulations such as "Guide to Water-saving Cities", and our province successively promulgated local regulations such as "Regulations on Water Resources Management in Shaanxi Province", "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Water Permit System in Shaanxi Province" and "Regulations on Municipal Public Facilities Management in Shaanxi Province". These laws and policies have played a positive role in promoting the development of urban water conservation. However, most of these policies, regulations and standards are principled and instructive, and they are not strong enough for urban water-saving work with strong technology. Water-saving practice calls for the improvement and refinement of laws and regulations as soon as possible, making water-saving a legal system that all walks of life and every city resident must follow.
It is reported that the relevant state departments and our province have been working hard to formulate and improve policies, regulations and standards in the following three aspects: First, formulate and implement mandatory standards for water-saving appliances. The standard will clearly stipulate that all newly built, rebuilt and expanded houses in the city must use water-saving appliances. Whether the construction unit or the architectural design unit continues to use sanitary ware and accessories that have been explicitly eliminated by the state in violation of regulations, it will be severely punished in accordance with relevant regulations. It also stipulates that the replacement and transformation of water appliances that do not meet the water-saving requirements in existing public buildings and residential buildings of various units should be completed within a time limit, and active measures should be taken to encourage and guide residents to replace water appliances that do not meet the water-saving requirements in existing houses as soon as possible. The second is to formulate the leakage rate control standard and detection specification of urban water supply network. The standard requires further deepening the management system reform of urban water supply enterprises, strengthening cost constraints, promoting water supply enterprises to strengthen the daily inspection and maintenance of tap water pipe network, and reducing the leakage rate of pipe network below the control standard as soon as possible; If the leakage rate is above 15%, it should be rectified within a time limit. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, all water supply networks in large and medium-sized cities that have been in operation for more than 50 years must be completely transformed. The third is to study and formulate water quota standards for urban residents. The purpose of this standard is not to limit the normal water demand of residents, but to promote people to change the extensive water use habits and concepts formed under the condition of low water price for many years, enhance the awareness of water saving of the whole people and establish a correct water use concept through quota management.
Save water, start with me.
Whether people have water-saving consciousness is very important for the smooth development of water-saving work.
What is people's awareness of water conservation at present? Needless to say, people's awareness of water conservation is still quite weak, and the waste of water resources is still everywhere. A considerable number of people's understanding of water still stays at the level of "tap water", that is, they think that water is inexhaustible and there is no need to make a fuss about wasting a little water. They even think that water is not as expensive as oil, but as light as water. Although others realize the value of water, they don't know enough about the urgency of water shortage, and saving water has not yet become their conscious action.
Why is it that people's awareness of water saving is still so weak and the waste of water resources is still so serious after 20 years of water saving work? This is because, first of all, people living in cities rarely feel short of water. For consumers, they seldom think about the long term, neither worry about the near future nor worry about the long term. For them, using water is really a breeze, and their experience has always stayed in the simple action of turning on and off the tap. As for the difficulty of opening up water sources, the complicated process of making water and purifying water, and the huge project of investing huge sums of money to solve urban water use, they either turn a blind eye or know little about it. Then, it is not surprising that their awareness of water conservation is weak. Secondly, in the past, our water-saving propaganda only relied on small articles in the media, without "household name" propaganda and effective compulsory measures, which could not play a direct role in cultivating good water-saving habits. Thirdly, we should also see that good habits and consciousness are gradually formed, as is the formation and improvement of water-saving consciousness. This is a process that takes some time.
So, how to strengthen people's awareness of water conservation? We can't artificially make everyone feel the fear of water shortage, nor can we wait endlessly for people to improve themselves. Therefore, we can only strive to strengthen the awareness of water conservation. Besides the important and necessary economic measures such as raising water price, collecting sewage treatment fee, checking domestic water quota, and increasing the price progressively beyond the quota, we should also attach great importance to publicity, education and supervision. It is every citizen's duty to strengthen education and publicity on the serious shortage of water resources in various touching and effective forms, so that all citizens can grasp the truth, master the scientific knowledge of water use, establish a correct concept of water, enhance the awareness of water crisis in the whole society, and know how to protect water resources and water environment. Change the backward concept and habit of water use, turn water saving into everyone's conscious behavior and responsibility, and pay attention to cultivating children's original consciousness of knowing how to save water and I want to save water from an early age.
As long as everyone "starts from me", the prospect of saving water and love the water will be bright.
Saving water must start from everyone. Agree with 1| Comments 2009-5-1/kloc-0: 58 Enthusiastic users.
Water is the source of all life. With it, the blue planet was formed; With it, the whole world has the breath of life; With it, our world becomes full of vitality; With it, we have beautiful mountains and rivers, clear streams, blue oceans … we have everything.
Living things need water, and life can't live without water. That little water will be used up sooner or later. In addition, people waste water resources so recklessly in their lives. When washing your hands, don't turn off the tap when soaping for temporary convenience; When you brush your teeth and wash your face, let the water flow nonstop ... in some people's eyes, how "normal" it is. I'll calculate an account for you: a faucet leaks a drop of water every second, which is 360 tons a year, a terrible number! According to incomplete statistics, hundreds of millions of cubic meters of water are lost every year only when the water tanks in urban toilets leak. Coupled with the existence of various waste water sources, the annual waste of water in China can reach 654.38+0 billion cubic meters. In a word, what a magnificent river it is. How can this huge number not be shocking?
The world today is facing a global water crisis. According to statistics, at present, more than 80 countries and regions in the world have threatened people's health and economic development because of water shortage. China is listed as one of the 13 countries with the most water shortage by the United Nations. China's per capita water consumption accounts for only a quarter of the world average. Among the 1668 cities under construction, nearly 400 cities are short of water, and more than 100 cities are seriously short of water. In this case, who has reason not to cherish and save water? If we don't save water, the last drop of water in the world will be people's tears! Our descendants will be severely punished by nature!
Each of us must improve our awareness of water conservation and start from scratch.
With the improvement of living standards, air conditioners are widely installed in people's homes. In the process of using air conditioner to cool down, there will be water dripping. If you use air conditioning at night, the dripping water will be connected to a bucket, several kilograms. This water is often wasted. Is it possible to lead the air-conditioning drip pipe to the balcony or home and connect the water to the bucket and washbasin? This method can be used by air-conditioned families, enterprises and institutions. If we make full use of the dripping water of air-conditioning and turn waste into treasure, the water saved will be an amazing number.
Because water needs to be paid, the average family still pays more attention to saving water. But some units are not like this. Some units have broken faucets and have been left unattended for a long time. The reason why this happens is that many people think that "public" water need not be bought by themselves and has nothing to do with waste. For this phenomenon, on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the public morality awareness of cadres and workers and cultivate good habits of diligence and thrift; On the other hand, through publicity and education, people are deeply aware that water is a precious resource of human beings, and wasting less and less water resources is tantamount to "chronic suicide".
Water is the source of life, and lack of water is more than anemia. A drop of ordinary water moistens the innocence of life. Thanks to water with a pious attitude, it always stirs water-saving notes in the ordinary. Let's appeal to people with sincere voice: save water, and you will shape a life! Save water, you will have more precious space! Save water, the blue planet where we live will still flow, with the magnificence of "flying down thousands of feet" and the poetic meaning of "flowing water over a small bridge"!
Protect water resources, starting from you and me; To save water, we should start from the small things around us. Let's cherish the water of life, be proud of saving water, turn off the tap at hand and never let the water run empty. As long as we always have the consciousness of saving water, we can use more water, so that the water after washing vegetables, washing rice, washing clothes and washing hands can be used to water flowers, flush toilets and clean floors ... If we can persist for a long time and develop good water-saving habits, then everyone will make due contributions to saving water, protecting water resources and protecting human homes!
Saving water is not a slogan, but more reflected in action. For the sake of our common home, each of us should and must have the courage to stand up and make a solemn commitment to nature-to restore the youthful appearance of Mother Earth with our hands and to touch nature, the God of mankind, with our actions. But commitment is not only a commitment, but also an action to realize our commitment.
Cherishing water means cherishing life. Only when everyone cherishes water can human society be endless; Only when everyone cherishes life can mankind have a happy and beautiful home.
May everyone become a drop of water that nourishes human civilization. Agree 2| Comment 2012-5-1219: 30 mxymxys | Level 1
The goal of efficient utilization of agricultural water resources is water-saving agriculture combining high crop yield with high water use efficiency. The central problem of water-saving agriculture is to improve the utilization efficiency of water (including precipitation and irrigation water). China is a big agricultural country, and agricultural water consumption accounts for about 80% of the total water consumption in China, 90% of which is absorbed and utilized by plants through the transformation of soil moisture. How to make full use of soil moisture and improve the comprehensive agronomic measures of efficient use of soil moisture has become an urgent task for the sustainable development of agricultural water. The following are several measures to adjust drought in water-saving agriculture:
First, reduce unnecessary precipitation loss and leave water in the sky.
In hilly and mountainous areas, we should vigorously strengthen the construction of engineering measures and farming technical measures. Engineering measures mainly include the construction of horizontal terraces, ditches, dams and water cellars. Farming technical measures include horizontal furrow planting, ridge and furrow planting, water storage and fertilizer storage planting, etc. Through deep ploughing or subsoiling, the ploughing depth is 15-20cm, which breaks the hard soil layer at the bottom of the plow, reduces the soil capacity and increases the porosity, thus increasing the infiltration rate of rainfall and the water storage capacity of the soil. Less tillage and no-tillage have a good effect on reducing wind erosion and water erosion, enhancing soil water storage and moisture conservation capacity, and reducing surface runoff. No-tillage can reduce precipitation loss, soil loss and soil water content.
Second, choose measures to avoid drought and adapt to soil drought, and use soil moisture skillfully.
According to the characteristics of soil in different areas, select excellent varieties with drought tolerance. Through some farming measures, the drought in the dry period can be alleviated, such as extending the time of squatting seedlings to miss the dry period; Under the condition of limited water irrigation, the effect of concentrated deep application of phosphate fertilizer is the best. In areas with surface water sources, irrigation is restricted to prevent water drought.
Third, prevent unnecessary evaporation, reduce consumption and use more soil water.
Measures such as covering and applying drought-resistant water-retaining agent can be taken to prevent unnecessary water evaporation. (1) coverage. There are several ways, such as wheat bran mulching, biological mulching, plastic film mulching, straw mulching, stubble mulching, gravel mulching, etc., all of which have good effects of preserving moisture and keeping warm. Production practice proved that the water storage capacity of wheat field covered with wheat bran increased by 20-44.6 mm, which was 23.2% higher than that of control. Covering cultivation has obvious and stable functions of collecting water, preserving moisture and warming, improving soil physical and chemical properties, improving soil fertility and its effectiveness, increasing the effective water consumption ratio of crops, inhibiting steaming and reducing consumption, saving water and drought, and promoting early maturity and increasing production. (2) Using drought-resistant water-retaining agent to prolong the continuous supply of soil moisture. Drought-resistant and water-retaining agent can directly improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and obviously increase the water content of soil. In dry farmland, the average soil moisture in the whole growth period can be higher than 5 percentage points. In irrigated land, it can obviously improve the drought resistance of soil, postpone irrigation time and reduce irrigation time by 1-2 times.
Fourth, improve the utilization efficiency of existing soil moisture and make good use of soil moisture.
Deep soil water storage has high stability and effectiveness. When the precipitation is insufficient during the crop growing period, it can adjust the water supply through capillary movement or root absorption. Balance water transfer in rotation, popularize improved varieties, intercropping and interplanting, increase soil temperature with plastic film mulching, increase water availability, increase fertilizer application, rationally use N and P, combine inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer to improve soil water use efficiency, increase the application of P and K fertilizers, and make full use of deep water by "transferring water with fertilizer and adjusting fertilizer with water".