How did the ancients do fire prevention measures?
First, the fire prevention measures of the ancient Forbidden City.
Take the Forbidden City as an example. At that time, it was called the Forbidden City. It was impossible to say that there were no fires in so many halls. In order to prevent being swallowed up by the raging fire, the best way is to do isolation. There are two ways to isolate the Forbidden City. One is the wall. We can still see the wall built by the Ming Dynasty in the Forbidden City. The difference between them and ordinary walls is that they are particularly thick, which can reach as much as five meters. With such a thick wall, integrity is a fire-proof wall pier.
For example, the isolation room is in the east of Wang Hongbin Street. This is a house built entirely of bricks, stones and glass, without any wood or even beams. Such a house is called a real atrium, which is used to keep out fire. Because of its good fire resistance, it can't be wasted. It was also the royal archives of the Ming Dynasty, and the Yongle Grand Ceremony was collected here. Similarly, there are houses in every palace and so on. , can play a very good disaster prevention effect. Not only the palace can be used as an isolation measure, but also the gate shoulders this function, such as Tianyimen in the center of the imperial garden. These isolation measures constitute the most important part of the fire protection system of the Forbidden City.
Water source. In the Forbidden City, there are more than 70 wells in a * * *, and there are two bronze water tanks outside many palaces. Such a huge water tank won't be put there for no reason. Its purpose is to find the water source in time and put it out when putting out the fire. Don't underestimate this water tank, but it was well-intentioned. They are 308 mouths, and each tank can store 3000 liters of water. In winter, the imperial secretary will put on "cotton-padded clothes" for them, add a cover, and sometimes burn a coal fire under them to avoid freezing in winter. In case of fire, there were fire-fighting water guns similar to today's in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is called a water pump, also known as a water pipe, and can be used to put out fires. It is recorded in ancient literature: however, with this device, five or six people can be used by hundreds of people without wasting a drop of water. No matter how high or far it is, it can be erected, just like a heavy rain spraying air everywhere, which can not only put out the burning fire, but also stop the unburned fire in advance.
In ancient times, there was a strict system to prevent people from using fire to avoid lightning strikes, but the skyfire caused by lightning strikes had a groping process. Because the ancients didn't know the principle of thunder and lightning, it started with fear, and later it gradually evolved into praying to the sky, and there were "kissing animals" on the roof.
Folk architecture is to use building materials that are not so easy to extinguish, such as bricks and stones as walls; The second is to treat flammable building materials to improve their fire resistance, such as brushing lime mud on the surface of wood. As early as the Neolithic Dadiwan culture, a "fireproof maintenance layer" made of clay was found, and a layer of consolidated fireproof paint (cementing material) was coated on the wooden column.
Setting up a firewall There are many firewall settings. One is in a side-by-side building with an empty room in the middle, which is full of soil, which constitutes an obstacle to the spread of fire; The second is to make the gables on both sides of the roof higher than the roof, and the slope of the roof is stepped. This kind of wall is the "wind-fire wall" or "accumulation wall", and the horse head wall in Huizhou architecture is the most typical one. If there is a wind wall between two adjacent buildings, a fire lane will be formed, and you can escape from the fire after the fire.
Buckets, water tanks, wells. In ancient buildings, there are usually water tanks and buckets for storing water. Rich people will also dig wells in front of their homes, which can meet the needs of daily life at ordinary times and can be used as fire fighting equipment in case of fire.
Play more publicity.
Playing night shift is a way for ancient folk to tell the time regularly at night, which is similar to today's night patrol. The night watchman usually works in groups of two, one with a gong and the other with a bangzi. When they were working overtime, the two of them took a gear and knocked on it as they walked, "Benedict Mao Mao". The watchman should knock on the door five times a night and once every hour. When he knocked for the fifth time, it was commonly known as the fifth watch day. The watchmen's slogan is: "Dry weather, be careful with candles." ; "Close the doors and windows and be careful with candles!" ; "Turn off the lights and close the door before going to bed!" ……。
When I was a child, my brother came back as a night watchman, but now he doesn't.