be born in troubled times
Bai Juyi was born in the first month of the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (772) into a small and medium-sized bureaucratic family. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in his hometown. Li Fanzhen is divided into more than ten states in Henan, and the people have suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first awarded the county magistrate of Pengcheng County in Xuzhou by the secretariat of Songzhou (AD 780). A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in R&F. Bai Juyi, on the other hand, was brilliant and studied so hard that his mouth was sore and his hands were calloused. Young, all white hair.
Official life
In 806, Bai Juyi went to school as a bookseller. In April of the same year, he was awarded the commandant of Guo County (now zhouzhi county). In 807, he served as an examiner of Jinshi and a captain of Jixian County, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In 808, he was left to tidy up the body and welcomed Yang Yuqing's sister as his wife. In 8 10, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao House and joined the army. In 8 1 10, his mother Chen died, leaving Ding You behind and returning to her post. In 8 14, he returned to Chang' an and awarded Prince Zuo Zanshan as a doctor.
Bai Juyi thought that he had been appreciated and promoted by the emperor who liked literature, so he hoped to repay him by doing his duty as an official. So he wrote frequently and wrote many poems reflecting social reality, hoping to make up for the current situation and even point out the emperor's mistakes in person. Bai Juyi's words were accepted, but the directness of his words made Tang Xianzong feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: "Bai Juyi's boy praised me to the sky, but he was rude to me. I really can't stand it. " Li Jiang thought this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advised Xian Zong to be open and honest.
Be demoted to Jiangzhou
In 8 15, prime minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi advocated that it was considered ultra vires to crack down on the murderer. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered: his mother fell into a well to see flowers and died, but Bai Juyi wrote poems about "appreciating flowers" and "new wells", which was detrimental to the famous religion. Therefore, he was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In the winter of August18, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Chongqing) and took office in August19. In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang 'an and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu Division.
Although Bai Juyi's mother died looking at flowers, Bai Juyi had many poems about flowers, and according to the records of the Song Dynasty, Xinjing poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Xinjing poems have been lost today), which shows that this matter cannot constitute a charge. The main reason for his demotion is probably related to his writing satires and offending those in power. Jiangzhou is a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he aimed at "helping the poor" and hoped to make useful contributions to the people of the whole country; Since then, his actions have gradually turned to "solitude". Although he still cares about the people, his actions have no spark of the past. However, although Bai Juyi was frustrated in Jiangzhou, he was able to live a peaceful life on the whole. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Lushan Mountain and made friends with local monks.
In 8 18, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to see Bai Juyi. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian also went upstream with his brother. On the way, I met Yuan Zhen in Huangniuxia. The place where the three of them swam together was called Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the hillside east of Zhongzhou, and named this place "Dongpo".
Working in Suzhou and Hangzhou
In the winter of 820, he was transferred to be the guest of honor, doctor. In 82 1 year, doctor Jia Chaosan began to formally wear a five-level scarlet robe (scarlet is scarlet, used by officials above five levels). ) to Zhu Guo, and then to the Chinese book scheeren. In 822, Bai Juyi wrote that the military in Hebei at that time was not adopted and requested to work in other places. In July, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and he took office at 65438+ 10. During his tenure, he built the West Lake levee and dredged six wells, all of which made achievements. In May of 824, he was appointed as the son of Prince Zuo Shu, divided the capital into the East, and went to Luoyang in autumn to buy a house in Luoyang. In 825, he served as Suzhou secretariat and took office in May. He left his job due to illness in 826, and then traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.
When he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he presided over the dredging of these six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. Seeing the West Lake silting up farmland drought, we built a dam to store water for irrigation and reduce the harm caused by drought, and made the Stone Story of Qiantang River, which engraved the policies, methods and precautions of lake water management on the lake for future generations to know, which had a great influence on lake water management in Hangzhou later. Before Bai Juyi left office, he left an official salary in the state treasury as a fund for the turnover of official salaries in Hangzhou, and then made up the original value afterwards. When the fund operated to Huang Chao Rebellion, Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the documents were burned and the fund disappeared.
The West Lake has Bai Causeway, and willows are planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly thought that this was a levee built by Bai Juyi and called it Baigong Dike. In fact, this "Bai Causeway" existed before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou. At that time, it was called "Baishadi" and it was in Bai Juyi's poems.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to an observer in eastern Zhejiang, which was not far from Hangzhou, so he gave them many poems. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into 50 volumes of Bai Juyi's Changqing Collection.
During his tenure in Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a road from Tiger Hill in the west to Qilishantang River in Nagato in the east, and built a road to the north of Shantang River, which is called Qilishantang or Shantang Street for short.
Old age life
In 827, Bai Juyi went to Chang 'an as a secretary supervisor, fitted with a purple fish bag and put on purple court clothes (clothes worn by officials with more than three products). In 828, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments and was stationed in Jinyang County. In the spring of 829, due to illness, he was taught by the Prince and returned to Luoyang to perform in the Taoist temple. In February 65438+830, he served as Henan Yin. 83 1 Yuan Zhen died in July. In 832, he wrote an epitaph for Yuan Zhen, Yuan Jia gave Bai Juyi 600,000 pens, and Bai Juyi gave them all to Xiangshan Temple in Luoyang. In 833, due to illness, he was exempted from Henan Yin, and later served as the Prince Guest Company. In 835, he was appointed minister of the same state and resigned from his post. Later, he was appointed as the eastern capital of the Prince Division of Shaofu, and was appointed as the marquis of Fengyi County, and stayed in Luoyang. 65438+839 10 month, got wind disease. In 84 1 year, the prince was dismissed and his salary was suspended. In 842, he became an official of the minister of punishments, receiving half salary. He died in August 846 and was given to the right servant of Shangshu. Buried in Longmen (now White Garden of Longmen Grottoes).
Bai Juyi spent most of his later years in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and often traveling in Longmen. Self-report "Chapter on the Pool" and "Biography of Mr. Drunk Sound". In 845, 74-year-old Bai Juyi still held the "seven old Meeting" in Ludi, attended by Gao Hu, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Lu Zhen, Zhang and Bai Juyi. In the summer of the same year, Li Ruman, a monk from seven old, joined forces to draw a picture of Nine Old Pictures. Bai Juyi believed in Buddhism in his later years and was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan. He is a disciple of the monk Ruman.
Bai Juyi's philosophy of "poverty and loneliness" was mostly embodied in a "leisurely life" in his later years. In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi funded the excavation of the stone beach around Longmen, and after the completion of the work, he wrote a poem "Two Stone Beaches in the Eighth Section of Longmen" as a souvenir, which still embodies his outlook on life of "helping the world and achieving the goal".
Luoyang died peacefully.
On August 14th (September 8th) in the sixth year of five Huichang cases (AD 846), Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Minglu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. Author of Bai Changqing's Collected Works, with 7 1 volume.
Background of Peach Blossom Poems in Dalin Temple
This poem was written in April of the 12th year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (8 17). Bai Juyi was Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) at the age of 46.
Regarding the writing of this poem, Bai Juyi has a Preface to You Dalin Temple for reference: "People, Yuanjixu, Henan, Middle School, Nanyang Zhi, Yu, An Dingliang, Zhang Shi, Tuolin Temple Shaman, Zhi Man, Shi Jian, Li Bian, Dao Shen, Dao Jian, Shen Zhao, Yun Gao, En Ci, Yan Fan seventeen. The forest is far away and inaccessible. Around the temple, there are many clean Cang Shi, short pine and thin bamboo. There are only wooden houses in the temple, and its monks are all Haidong people. The mountains are deep, the season is never late, and it is in Xia Yue. For example, in February, the peach blossoms are in early bloom, the grass is still short, and the personality climate is different from that of the flat settlements. If you didn't build a world when you first came here. Because of the slogan "Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple". Looking around the walls, I saw the names of Xiao Langzhong Village, Wei Langzhong Hong Jian and Li Bubu Bo, and Ji lamented,' This place is really the best in the world.' There is no half way from the post road to the mountain gate. Since Xiao, Wei and Li You traveled for 20 years, there has been no successor. Ha ha! So is the temptation of fame and fortune. On April 9th, in the 12th year of the reign of Yuan Dynasty, Bai Letian, Taiyuan made a preface. "
Bai Juyi, who was born as a scholar during the Tang Zhenyuan period, was awarded the post of secretary of the provincial school, and later went to collect the remains, which is a spring breeze. Who knows that during his career as a Beijing official for several years, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima by the court because of his outspoken suggestions. Bai Juyi, as Jiangzhou Sima, once faced with vicissitudes of life, we were all unhappy-to the ends of the earth, a pipa girl, in his poem Pipa Xing. This feeling of vicissitudes of life is naturally integrated into the artistic conception of this little poem, which gives the poem Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple a metaphorical color of vicissitudes of life.