1. Li Shimin, who founded the foundation of ancient prose in the Tang Dynasty, left an article "A Hundred Words Proverbs" for later generations. The proverb says: "There is no food for farm labor; Bobo, the weaver, has few clothes to keep out the cold. Eat three meals, when thinking about the suffering of farmers; Wearing a wisp, every time I look at the work of Weaver Girl. A thousand lives, a spoonful of rice and a hundred whips, no merit, no sleep. A friend who has virtue is never a friend of interest; Divide a share of wealth, abstain from nameless wine, always have the heart of self-denial and keep silent about right and wrong. If you can listen to me, you will be rich and famous for a long time. " This "Hundred Words Proverbs" is full of earnest words and earnest sentences, full of your earnest teachings and deep expectations for your ministers and parents. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizong and Zhao Kuangyi wrote a personal letter: "You pay your salary and the people pay it. It is easy for the people to abuse, but it is difficult for God to bully. " The 16-character admonition was awarded to the state and county to stand in front of the lobby of the yamen, which was called "stone carving". Later dynasties listed the above sixteen characters as an indispensable official admonition for all levels of government. In the fourteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (150 1), the famous governor of Shandong Province, in his prime of life, said, "Officials are not afraid of my strictness, but they are afraid of my honesty, and the people are not satisfied with our ability and serve us." The public can't be slow, the honest officials dare not bully, and the public is aboveboard. "Make official suggestions and put them on the left side of the lobby to show the world your way to be an official. There is a plaque in the lobby of neixiang county, Nanyang City, Henan Province, which was personally made by Gao Yiyong, the magistrate of neixiang county during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty: "It is not honorable to get an official, but it is not humiliating to lose an official. Don't say that one official is useless, and the place depends on one official; Eat people's food and wear people's clothes. Don't say that people can be bullied, they are human beings. "This official motto is well-known and has far-reaching significance. Also, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the famous upright officials and Zhang Boxing all had their own personal admonitions, and wrote a pair of couplets on both sides of the gate of the yamen: "I am tired of thousands of dollars, all given by the court. If there is any abuse, who will put me in chains; A little is nothing more than the essence of the people. If you don't cherish it, how can you know whether a man is a thief or a prostitute? "When Zhang Boxing was the governor of Jiangsu Province, he once said" no feeding "."Every grain is my honor, and every cent is the essence of the people. One point wider, one point for the people; Penny for penny, penny for penny. Who knows the routine of communication? Shame really hurts. If it's not ill-gotten gains, where did it come from? "The above-mentioned official proverbs are concise in language and rich in content, which not only implies the dialectical relationship between greed and sincerity, honor and humiliation, power and responsibility, happiness and disaster, but also embodies the valuable people-oriented thought. In the minds of these wise ministers, the people are the foundation of the country, the people are water, the officials are boats, and water can carry boats and overturn them. People in power and officials must live in temples and worry about their people. They must worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later, love the people, be close to them, support them, regard them as their parents, and never fool and oppress them. Ancient official proverbs are valuable historical and cultural heritage, full of philosophy and politics. The enlightenment left to us is: the people are the masters of the country, and serving the people wholeheartedly is the purpose of politicians; The interests of the masses are no small matter, and we should take the people's approval or disapproval, happiness or unhappiness as the yardstick to test our daily government work; Do more practical and good things to strengthen the foundation and rejuvenate the country, and let the people feel that our cadres are better than honest officials in previous dynasties and are real "public servants." "

Remember to adopt

2. Look at the picture and guess the idiom: A contractor is sitting in the hall, impartial.

Timian usai

Explain that it is fair and strict, not afraid of power, and has no mercy.

Cao Qingxue Qin explores the origin of a dream of red mansions: "I think you have to be a' social supervisor' and be impartial."

Structural subject-predicate form.

Usage is as a compliment. Generally used as predicate, attribute and adverbial.

Pronunciation is private; It can't be pronounced "sh ○ and".

Synonym mirror hangs high and selfless.

Antonym cronyism

The difference between ~ and "selflessness" is that ~ means not afraid of power; Unscrupulous; Adhere to truth and justice without selfishness; "Selfless" refers to justice; Don't be partial.

Example: The accountant in our team can be regarded as ~; No one can accommodate anything that does not conform to the system.

3. What are the four words hanging above the lobby of the Qing Dynasty? The four characters hanging above the lobby of the Qing Dynasty are mirrors hanging high.

In the classic Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, Bao Gong was framed by his second sister-in-law when he was a child and fell into a well. He got a mirror, and the dripping blood can reflect the charming people in the world. This is the mirror of Yin and Yang, one of the three treasures in Kaifeng. With this treasure, Bao Da talents can solve countless mysteries and uphold justice for the people. Legend has it that when Bao Gong died, he was afraid that his heirs would take bribes and bend the law and harm good people, so he ordered people to hang the mirror quietly on the main hall of Kaifeng House before he closed his eyes at ease.

There is a folk song circulating among the people: Bao Qingtian sits in South Street and enforces the law impartially. Dragon tiger dog, three mouths, folk music traitors are afraid.

I don't know how many dynasties passed, but a guy named Qian Ruming spent 5,200 silver to set up a Kaifeng magistrate, intending to work for three or two years and make a windfall. As soon as he took office, he met two brothers in Kaifeng village fighting for property. They danced with joy and immediately went to court to ask questions.

Qian Ruming knows that "God of Wealth" is also a miser and a glazed cat. He won't bleed without knocking at the door. Without asking questions, he clapped his hands in surprise and shouted angrily, "Forget brotherhood for petty gain. Come on, everyone plays 40 boards! " The two brothers begged for forgiveness.

Qian Ruming said thoughtfully, "Look at you, you are poor. Just send it to me and give you a chance to repent and turn over a new leaf. It depends on which of you is reasonable! " Say and command to step down. My brother went home and thought about it. Qian Zhifu said a word.

He realized it in a second, sneaked into the mansion from the back door overnight to see Qian Ruming, and handed in a post saying: "All the wrongs and wrongs of the villain are written on the form paper, please have a look!" Qian Ruming opened it and found a silver ticket of three hundred and twenty pieces of silver. He couldn't help laughing his beard. The next day, when he went to church, Qian angrily shouted to his brother, "Du, you are arrogant and greedy. You don't know anything without fighting!" " "He pulled out a bamboo stick and lifted it, but he didn't throw it down.

My brother was so scared that he lay on his back and sat down on the ground. Suddenly, he saw a mirror hanging above the lobby, which reflected the scene of his brother sending a silver ticket to the magistrate. He suddenly realized that he quickly cried, "My Lord, please give me another chance to repent and turn over a new leaf!" " "Money is like life. I heard a door saying," You should wake up as soon as possible so as not to suffer! " "It means that the sleeves are gone.

That evening, my brother also sent five hundred and twenty pieces of silver in the name of complaining. When he went to court again, Qian stared at his younger brother again and said with expression: "As your younger brother, you take the lead in making trouble. It seems that this board must be played! " My brother thought, how did the magistrate change his mind overnight? He inadvertently looked up and saw clearly in the mirror that it was his brother who sent money to the magistrate.

He quickly bowed his head and kowtowed: "I was confused at the moment, please give me a chance to repent and turn over a new leaf." In this way, today you 800, tomorrow I 1000, the two brothers launched a tug-of-war.

Seeing that the money was almost drained, I decided to close the case. In order to show his fairness and integrity, he invited the "God of Wealth" to the door and specially announced that ordinary people could go to the official's son to watch the trial.

Outside the official's son of Tianfu, people are crowded. Above the lobby, Qian, with a serious face, said slowly, "Friendship should be the most important thing between brothers! One man and half the property, live and work in peace and contentment, stop making trouble.

My family is very generous, so I won't pursue it. Let's go to the lobby next door! "The two brothers went bankrupt and realized that they had been cheated. They shouted in unison: "My Lord, I will not fight this lawsuit. Give us back the money quickly! " Money is like life. I didn't expect them to tell the truth on the spot, and their faces suddenly changed: "Nonsense, a dirty lie. Our house is very clean and spotless. Who received your money? " The two brothers pointed to the top and said, "The mirror is hanging high, and the irrefutable evidence is like a mountain! "All eyes were on the lobby, and Bao Jing sent money to the two brothers again. This money is like a life of corruption and bribery, which immediately fried the inside and outside of the lobby.

Qian Ruming didn't know what had happened. He left his seat and looked up. When he saw Bao Jing showing the clues and his true colors, he couldn't help feeling scared and powerless, and fell to the ground with a splash, unconscious. Scandals spread all over the city like wings, and no one didn't scold money like life.

Money is like life, so I got scared and stayed in bed from now on. The scene of that treasure is always shaking before his eyes, repeating his ugly deeds and misdeeds in Kaifeng.

As soon as he closed his eyes, he saw Bao sunspot glaring at him. Dynasty and Mahan were coming towards him with tiger spears. He was terrified. No matter who he met, he got out of bed and knelt down to beg for mercy: "Mr. Bao, please forgive me ..." One morning, the people found money in front of the official office, with long hair and naked body, dead.

"The dead Bao Gong killed the living magistrate", and the whole city was very happy, singing a song everywhere: Open the house, look in the mirror and see if people are ghosts. Yamaraja Hall, black boss, corrupt officials are lenient.

Later, plaques with mirrors were hung in the lobby of various yamen halls to show that officials were fair and honest in judging cases, strict in law enforcement, fair in judging cases and impartial in handling affairs.

Above the hall, in full view, there is an elk. Why do some people really say that a horse refers to a deer as a horse?

Origin of idioms

Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "Zhao Gao wanted chaos, and he was afraid that his ministers would not listen. First, he set a good example and offered a deer in the second place, saying,' Ma Ye.' II smiled and said,' Is the Prime Minister wrong? Call a deer a horse. Left ask right ask, left ask right ask, or silence, or say Ma Yishun Zhao Gao. "

Idioms and their stories

Qin Ershi's prime minister, Zhao Gao, is ambitious, planning to usurp the throne all day long. However, how many people in the DPRK can listen to his picture (2): He doesn't know how many people are against him. So he thought of a way to test his prestige and find out who dared to oppose him.

One day, Zhao Gao brought a deer into the palace and said to Qin Ershi with a big smile, "Your Majesty, I will give you a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at it and thought: This is not a horse, this is obviously a deer! He smiled and said to Zhao Gao, "The Prime Minister has made a mistake. This is a deer. How can you say it's a horse? " Zhao Gao said quietly with a straight face, "Please see clearly, this is really a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at the deer again and said incredulously, "Why does a horse have horns on its head?" Seeing that the time had come, Zhao Gao turned around, pointed at the ministers and said loudly, "If your majesty doesn't believe me, you can ask the ministers."

Ministers were all at a loss by Zhao Gao's nonsense, and whispered privately: What is this Zhao Gao doing? It's obviously a deer or a horse! Ministers see Zhao Gao sinister smile on his face, eyes staring at you in turn, suddenly understand Zhao Gao's intention.

Some timid people with a sense of justice bow their heads and dare not speak, because telling lies is sorry for their conscience, and telling the truth is afraid of being hurt by Zhao Gao in the future. Some honest people insist that this is a deer rather than a horse. There are also some adulterers who usually follow Zhao Gao closely and immediately support Zhao Gao's statement and say to the emperor, "This is indeed a swift horse!"

Afterwards, Zhao Gao punished those honest ministers who did not obey him by various means, and even copied them. [2]

5. Zheng Banqiao translation of classical Chinese, known in Qianlong period (1) in wei county. I'm sorry for my age. Banqiao is a large-scale labor service, attracting hungry people from far and near, repairing cities and chiseling ponds, and persuading large cities to open factories to cook porridge and take turns to support them. Do your best to seal Xiaomi's house and blame it for being flat. If there's a lawsuit, you'll have everything to do with the rich businessman. That child (4) kowtowed to this matter, so he sat in the lobby and called him in. He cursed in his eyes and said, "What's the point of camel money mule?" Or order the soap pawn ⑥ to take off his hat and step on it, or ⑥ to smash the head and face and drive them out one by one. For a time, the rich were afraid of it, but the poor lived on it.

(Selected from Complete Works of Banqiao)

[Note] ① Know: Be responsible. 2 Tiao: Selling grain at a fair price. ③ Right-handed people (jù) and left-handed wealthy businessmen: keeping the poor and restraining the rich. Son 4: This refers to Confucian scholars. ⑤ Camel money mule: animals that only value money. This is swearing. Soap pawn: a government official dressed in black. ⑦ Fall (zu6): Grab. ⑧黥 (qíng) Face: This is an ancient punishment, in which words are engraved on the forehead and cheeks with a knife and then drawn with ink. This refers to scribbling on the supervisor's face with an ink pen. Pet-name ruby nothingness: countless.

Banqiao, the word Xie, is from Weixian County, Shandong Province. At that time, it was a crop failure for years, and a barrel of millet was worth 1000 yuan. Zheng Banqiao Daxing Industrial Service Agency has attracted victims from far and near, built cities and dug ponds, and replaced disaster relief with work and life. He also suggested that large households in the county should open granaries to cook porridge and take turns to take care of workers' lives. Block the granaries of wealthy families with surplus grain and order them to sell surplus grain at a fair price for disaster relief. If there is a lawsuit, it is to protect the poor and suppress the rich. In ancient times, the right side was the highest position and the left side was the lowest position. Guo Jianzi built a diploma, taking this as an example, sitting in the lobby and calling people to class. He opened his eyes wide and scolded, "The beast who only values money. What is there to say? " , also called the soap pawn took off his hat, stepped on it, grabbed his head and scribbled on the Guo-zi-jian diploma's face with an ink pen. Drive the rich out. At that time, very rich people were afraid of him, while the poor depended on countless people to survive.

When he was prime minister, a rich man wanted to fire a poor son-in-law and let his daughter accompany him to support the elderly. Banqiao took her daughter as an adopted daughter and hid her poor son-in-law at home. Girls come, let them meet, pay them to get married, and let them go home by car together. At that time, everyone praised them and called them "Shengde". Later, because he reported the disaster truthfully, he offended more officials and was removed from office and returned to China.