Founder and ideological director of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Formerly known as Ren Kun. People from Huaxian County, Guangdong Province. During Daoguang's reign, he failed many times in the imperial examination, so he absorbed the equality thought in early Christianity, founded the worship of God, and wrote the Song of Salvation by the Original Way for teaching, advocating the establishment of an ancient prosperous age of "the world is for the public".

In the 30th year of Daoguang (185111), jintian uprising was launched on the 10th day of December, and it was named Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, calling itself the King of Heaven. Xianfeng made Nanjing its capital for three years, known as Tianjing. Grant "China farmland system", divided into the western expedition and the northern expedition. In eight years, Wei Changhui, the king of the North, led the army back to Beijing to punish Yang because Yang, the king of the East who held the military and political power, "held the emperor to make the princes". Wei also expanded the situation and killed innocent people. Hong Xiuquan was forced to kill Wei by many grievances and was in charge of the development.

The following year, Shi Dakai left with suspicion, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in danger. Hong Xiuquan made good use of Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, became a strategist, and took measures such as reducing taxes and strengthening religious propaganda to tide over the difficulties. In the winter of the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Tianjing was besieged by the Qing army and ran out of food. Hong Xiuquan rejected Li Xiucheng's proposal to break through and stuck to Tianjing. Died in April of three years. His poems, imperial edicts, proclamations, etc. Most of them are included in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (one of China's modern history data series) and Historical Materials of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Yang Wang, the East King of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (182 1 ~ 1856)

One of the early leaders of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Guangping Guiping people. In the 24th year of Daoguang (1844), he joined Shinto. Twenty-seven years after Feng Yunshan was arrested, Hong Xiuquan went out and never returned. He pretended to be a father's rumor and presided over the worship of God. Later, he became brothers with Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan, and was called the fourth son of the father. After jintian uprising, Zuo Fu served as a military adviser and led the commander-in-chief of China army. King Fengdong, known as the nine-year-old, mastered the military and political affairs and controlled the king. He was the actual commander in the early days of the rebels. He once commanded Taiping Army to successfully break through Yong 'an and conquer Wuchang, Hankou, Hanyang and other important towns.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Tianjing (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) its capital, it planned and organized the first Western Expedition and Northern Expedition of the Taiping Army, and communicated with the British Minister in his name, announcing the foreign policy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He has distinguished himself in war and occupies a high position. The contradiction between arrogance and the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan is getting worse. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), after the Taiping Army attacked the camps in Jiangbei and Jiangnan of the Qing army, it forced Hong Xiuquan to let him live forever (once said that he was not forced). Hong Xiuquan then ordered Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai, who were leading the troops outside, to return to Tianjing to remove Yang. After Wei Changhui came to Tianjin, he attacked Dongdong and killed the Yang family. Then he deliberately expanded the situation, massacred more than 20,000 people under Yang's command, drove Shi Dakai away, and weakened the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was known as the Tianjing Incident. Soon after, after killing Wei Changhui, Hong Xiuquan designated the anniversary of Yang's death as "the day when the East King ascended the throne" to commemorate his previous achievements.

Xiao Chaogui, Western King of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Xiao Chaogui, born in the late Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, is a Zhuang nationality from Wulan Village, Hema Township, wuxuan county. In the 25th year of Daoguang reign (1845), he participated in the worship of God in Bauhinia Mountain organized by Feng Yunshan. Later, he went to the Zhuang, Han, Yao and other ethnic groups to publicize the teachings and benefits of worshipping God, and launched mass gatherings of all ethnic groups in succession.

In the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), the worship of gods in Zijingshan changed from a secret activity to an open struggle, and the slogans of "eating with the same clothes" and "moving heaven to ask people" were put forward, bravely challenging feudal rule. Local officials and local tyrants and evil gentry are very hostile and fearful. After the local tyrants colluded with the Guiping county government to arrest Feng Yunshan and drive away Hong Xiuquan, they threatened to "kill God". At that time, worshipping God was leaderless, and Xiao Chaogui and Yang stepped forward to organize people to strengthen unity and stabilize people's hearts. And mobilized charcoal-burning workers to donate hundreds of strings of money to dredge the government and free Feng Yunshan from prison.

On the eve of jintian uprising, Xiao Chaogui returned to Wu Xuan's hometown to gather people to mobilize his brothers to take part in the uprising. He resolutely destroyed the land house and expressed his determination to break the axe and sink the boat. Driven by Xiao Chaogui, the masses actively participated in the group camp.

185 1 June (the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty), jintian uprising broke out and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was founded. Xiao Chaogui was one of the main leaders of the uprising. On March 18, 2008, he took the place of Brother Tian in Dongxiang, Wuxuan. In view of the difficulties in military supplies at that time, there was a phenomenon of vacillation and desertion within the Taiping Army, and the Taiping Army soldiers were educated to abide by dogma, unite and help each other. You are not allowed to go into the village to search for property, you are not allowed to get cold feet when fighting, and you are not allowed to divide up the seized money, with special emphasis on making concerted efforts to fight the country. In the battle of Wuxuan Dongxiang, the Taiping Army defeated the Qing Army and won the biggest victory since jintian uprising. Xiao Chaogui played an important role in assisting Hong Xiuquan in mobilizing, encouraging and directing the Taiping Army to kill the enemy heroically. On March 23, Hong Xiuquan ascended the throne in Dongxiang, and was named the king of the five armies. Xiao Chaogui is a right Bizheng strategist and former military commander, ranking third, second only to Hong Xiuquan and Yang. From then on, Xiao Chaogui shouldered the heavy responsibility of leading the main force of Taiping Army, and fought thousands of miles with outstanding military achievements.

185 1 July, Taiping Army withdrew from Wuxuan and Xiangzhou and returned to Bauhinia and Jintian. The Qing army assembled 30,000 troops and attacked the Taiping Army in north and south. The Taiping Army was surrounded in a narrow area of Jintian and Mocun. The situation was critical and some people defected. On July 13, Xiao Chaogui cooperated with Yang in Mocun on behalf of Tian brothers, and severely reprimanded some people for being selfish, unfair and disloyal. Encourage soldiers to unite, be loyal to the revolution, boost morale and oppose mutiny. Thanks to the efforts of the soldiers and civilians of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, they overcame difficulties and turned the corner.

In mid-September, Taiping Army broke through to Siwangwei in Pingnan County. In June of 5438+05, the prefect of Guangxi in Qing Dynasty bypassed Pingnanguan Village and set up dozens of camps in an attempt to intercept Taiping Army. Xiao Chaogui's former army and Feng Yunshan's later army cooperated closely, and took advantage of Xiang Rong's precarious position to launch a surprise attack on him in lightning speed. Xiang Rong was caught off guard and was in a state of chaos. Almost all the troops were wiped out. A dozen or twenty generals were killed, and a large number of grain, grass and ordnance became the spoils of Taiping rebels. Pingnan Guancun won a great victory, clearing the way for the Taiping Army to triumph. On September 25th, Xiao Chaogui, under the command of Luo Outline, led the vanguard, made a diversion, and captured Yongan House (now mengshan county) in one fell swoop.

During the six months in Yong 'an, Taiping Army rested and strengthened the construction of peasant regime. Xiao Chaogui was stationed in Erlikou Lingbao, west of Zhoucheng, and commanded the main force of Taiping Army to defeat the military "encirclement and suppression" of the Qing army many times in the western battlefield. In the same year (65438+February 65438+July), the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan named Xiao Chaogui the King of the West at the age of 8,000, in recognition of this hero who "ruled the country together".

1April 5, 852 (the second year of Xianfeng, Qing Dynasty), the Taiping Army broke through from Yong 'an to the north, and Xiao Chaogui led thousands of Taiping Army to shoulder the heavy responsibility of countering the pursuit of the Qing army. On April 7, Wu Lantai, deputy commander of the Qing army in Guangzhou, led the army to follow. Xiao Chaogui and Feng Yunshan, King of the South, were ordered to fight back. On April 8, Wulantai led the Qing army to attack, and the Taiping Army was in command, launching a fierce offensive and annihilating four or five thousand Qing troops. Four company commanders, including Chang Rui, the general of the Qing army, were killed. Wulantai fell off a cliff and was injured, so he was saved. The main force of the Qing army in Guangxi was basically defeated. The Taiping Army went north triumphantly, and it was on a roll all the way.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/852, when the Taiping Army entered Hunan from Quanzhou in northern Guangxi, Wang Yang of the East and Xiao Chaogui of the West jointly published several important articles, such as "Four Directions to Serve Heaven and Seek Hu", "Save the World and Protect the People in Fengtian" and "Save the People in China Born in Heaven". He lashed out at the perverse practices of the Qing Dynasty and listed the crimes of bureaucratic landlords exploiting people's fat and paste. Announced the end of the "demon luck" in the Qing Dynasty and the arrival of a new world of "one family in the world, enjoying peace". Mobilize the broad masses of the people to vigorously support the revolution, and call on the officers and men of the Qing army to clearly understand the situation, abandon the darkness and cast light on it, and "share the joy of peace." These articles are clear-cut and magnificent, and have played an important role in promoting the victory of the revolution by uniting the people, isolating the enemy.

Xiao Chaogui commanded the former army, left Guangxi to enter Hunan, and "attacked Bike", winning one after another, even passing Daozhou, Guiyang, Anren and Youxian, and on July 25th, he breached Liling, enriching the military supplies. At this time, Xiao Chaogui offered a plan to the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan: Changsha Qing army was weak. If you assign thousands of elite soldiers, you can attack quickly and easily. Hong Xiuquan adopted Xiao Chaogui's suggestion, that is, ordered Xiao Chaogui to lead the army to supervise the war.

1852 On July 27th, Xiao Chaogui led his troops to Changsha, winning the first battle and crushing the Qing army. So Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, Zeng, and Changsha Shoujiang Luo Raodian got the report in advance and did not confront Xiao Chaogui head-on. He only closed the city gate and ordered the 8000 Qing soldiers in the city to stay put.

In the face of victory, Xiao Chaogui entered arrogantly, far away from the follow-up troops of Taiping Army, and went deep alone. As a result, due to the thin forces, Changsha could not be encircled, so we had to occupy Miaofeng and Aoshan temples outside the south of the city, repair fortifications and carry out a side siege. At this time, the number of Qing soldiers in Changsha increased to 6.5438+million. The Qing army arrived in Jiang Zhongyuan to lead reinforcements, occupied Tianxin Pavilion and Cai Cemetery in the south of the city, and attacked Taiping rebels. On July 28th, Xiao Chaogui led his troops to attack the city when the rear troops did not continue. In the morning, the two sides fought fiercely for several hours. Xiao Chaogui commanded the Taiping Army to break through many camps of the Qing army and push forward seven or eight miles, killing dozens of generals of the Qing army, killing more than 2,000 soldiers of the Qing army, seizing more than 4,000 tons of gunpowder, and countless large and small artillery and stores. However, the Taiping Army paid a heavy price, local victory could not reverse the overall situation, and Changsha still could not be captured. On July 29, Xiao Chaogui personally took the guard to command the town. He "went forward bravely and charged first", waving a knife and shouting fiercely. In the scuffle with the enemy, he was unfortunately hit by the artillery of the Qing army, bleeding profusely. But he was desperate and said to the Taiping soldiers in a difficult situation: "If you take Changsha, you will retreat if you don't advance. It is also my wish to die today and go to heaven. " Finally, he died heroically at the age of 30.

Feng Yunshan, the Southern King of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1822 ——1852)

Feng Yunshan (1822— 1852) was one of the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. People from Huaxian County, Guangdong Province. Also known as Yi Long. I have studied classics and read a lot of books since I was a child, but I have tried many times and taught the village. 1843 (twenty-three years of Daoguang) In July, he and Hong Xiuquan founded the worship of God. The following year, he and Hong Xiuquan went to Gui County, Guangxi to develop their congregation. In September of the same year, he entered Zijing Mountain in Guiping alone as an employee and a teacher, promoting respect for God among charcoal-burning workers and poor farmers, developing the congregation, and absorbing mountain farmers such as Yang and Xiao Chaogui. More than 3,000 charcoal-burning workers participated, laying an organizational foundation for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. 1in the autumn of 847, after Hong Xiuquan arrived, he helped Hong to set up the God-worshipping General Assembly and participated in the formulation of the "Ten Days Rule" and various ceremonies. 1848 1 month, accused by evil gentry, arrested and imprisoned in Guiping, unyielding in prison. In the same year, after 10 was released from prison, he actively assisted Hong Xiuquan in planning an armed uprising. 185 1 year, when he was in jintian uprising, Ren Lingjun was the deputy military adviser and the leading commander of the rear army. In February, 65438, Yong 'an (now Mengshan) was born in Wang Nan, who was seven thousand years old. The military system, official system, ritual system and calendar of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom all came from him. 1June, 852, he was shot while attacking Quanzhou and died in Suoyidu.

Wei Changhui, Northern King of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1823 ~ 1856)

One of the early leaders of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Also known as Kevin·Z. Guangxi Guiping people. In the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), he joined Shinto. He soon became the backbone, became brothers with Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan, and was called the fifth son of the father. Jintian uprising served as deputy strategist, led the commander of the right army, and sealed the North King, calling him 6,000 years old. Hong Xiujin, the second king, and Yang, the king of the East, were dissatisfied with Yang, but pretended to be obedient on the surface. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the contradiction between Hong and Yang broke out. After receiving a secret edict from the heavenly king (saying that there was no secret edict), he led his troops back to Tianjing on a starry night of 3,000 days to kill the Yang family. Deliberately expanding the situation, killing more than 20 thousand people under Yang, known as the Tianjing Incident in history. After trying to hurt Shi Dakai. Shi Dakai fled Tianjing and went to Anhui, demanding that Hong Xiuquan kill Wei Changhui "to thank the world". On the fifth day of October, Hong Xiuquan wrote to beg Wei, executed Wei Changhui, cut his title and demoted him to "death and evil".

Shi Dakai, Wing King of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (183 1 ~ 1863)

One of the generals of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. People from Guixian, Guangxi. Attend the worship of God in his early years, and seek justice with Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan. After jintian uprising, he was appointed commander and wing king of Zuo Jun. On the way of Taiping Army marching from Guangxi to Jinling (now Nanjing), he was a pioneer and made great achievements. In the third spring of Xianfeng (the bumper year of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 1853), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Jinling its capital, and Shi Dakai stayed in Beijing to assist Hong Xiuquan and Yang in dealing with the military and political affairs. In four years, the Western Expedition Army was defeated by Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. Wuhan fell and Jiujiang was in danger. He was ordered to lead reinforcements to Hukou, command Jiujiang and Meijiazhou defenders to stubbornly resist the enemy, lock Xiang Navy's ship in Poyang Lake, and hit its heavy ship hard in the Yangtze River waters, so the Western Expedition Army turned the tide. In the spring of six years, he was ordered to return to Tianjing and cooperate with Prince Qin Rigang to wipe out the Jiangnan camp of the Qing army and solve the siege of Tianjing. In the autumn of six years, there was an infighting in Tianjing, and Shi Dakai returned to Beijing with letters to assist the government. In the summer of seven years, due to the suspicion of Hong Xiuquan, he led more than 65,438 +00 people, left the Anhui-Jiangxi base area, moved to Zhejiang and Fujian, then folded into Hunan, entered Sichuan, lost the battle with the Xiang army and was forced to withdraw into Guangxi. In the autumn of eleven years, he revived his team and moved to southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou for more than a year. After repeated defeats, he was very depressed. In the summer of the second year of Tongzhi (the thirteenth year of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 1863), he entered Yuetingzi land (now south of Anshunchang, Shimian County, Sichuan Province), was blocked by Dadu River, and was besieged by soldiers of the Qing army. He is in a desperate situation. He hoped to "lay down his life for the whole army" and put himself into the Qing camp. After that, not only his men were slaughtered, but he was also killed in Chengdu.

Chen Yucheng, King of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1837 ~ 1862)

Young general, later military commander of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Tengxian, Guangxi. Shao Gu, 14 years old, lived with his uncle in jintian uprising. Xianfeng three years in Qing Dynasty (1853), he went west with the army. The following year, he attacked Wuchang, rose to the right 30 checkpoint of the temple because of his work, and moved to Hubei and Anhui. In the spring of six years, Zhenjiang was trapped, and Qin Rigang, the prince of Yan, just went to help, and agreed with the garrison commander to attack both inside and outside. So the Qing army was defeated, the siege of Zhenjiang was broken, and the camps in Jiangbei and Jiangnan were broken by friendly forces. After Shi Dakai left, he was named commander-in-chief and former army commander, on an equal footing with Li Xiucheng, as the chief military and political officer. In the summer of eight years, Li Xiucheng and Pukou Jiangbei Camp were first breached, and then the Xiang elite in Danielle was wiped out. In nine years, Jin became king. Within ten years, together with other troops, we broke the camp in the south of the Yangtze River and moved eastward to Suzhou and Changzhou. At that time, Xiang army moved eastward along the fourth road, and Anqing was besieged. He paid attention to the upstream and urged to save Anqing first. In autumn, the Taiping Army scored two points, captured Hubei and forced the enemy to rescue. He led the army north and arrived in Huangzhou (now Huanggang) in Hubei Province in February of the following year. Due to the obstruction of the British invaders and Li Xiucheng's delay in South Road, he failed to win Wuchang, so he returned to Anqing, and suffered repeated defeats. In August, Anqing fell, Chen Yucheng retreated to Luzhou, and was severely punished and dismissed from office. In the spring of the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Chen Decai and others were sent to Shaanxi and other places for conscription, and Luzhou was surrounded by defenders. In April, he led his troops to Shouzhou (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), where he was trapped by the traitor Miao and sent to the Qing army camp. On the eighth day of May, he died at the age of 26 in Yanjin County, Henan Province.

Li Xiucheng (1823 ~ 1864) was a loyal monarch of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

General of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, later served as a military commander. Tengxian, Guangxi. In the first year of Xianfeng (185 1), he joined the Taiping Army. In February of three years, Ke Jinling (now Nanjing),no. Tianjing, was promoted to be the commander and military supervisor for his achievements. The following year, he was transferred to Luzhou (now Hefei). In the spring of six years, Qin Ri, the prince of Yan, just saved Zhenjiang, and fought with the Qing army in Gaozi and Tangtou to solve the siege of Zhenjiang, thus breaking the camp of the Qing army in Jiangbei and Jiangnan. He was promoted to be a local official and prime minister for seven years, isolated from the wind and rain. After the Tianjing Incident, he was appointed as the deputy commander, who was in charge of military affairs together with Chen Yucheng. In the summer of eight years, he negotiated with Chen Yucheng and others to solve the problem of Beijing's siege. In September, the camp of the Qing army in Jiangbei was broken. 10, in the Three Rivers Campaign, he cooperated with Chen Yucheng Department to wipe out the elite Danielle of Xiang. Nine years, Feng Zhongwang. He and Wang Gan made a plan to rescue Zhao by besieging the state of Wei, and led an army to attack Hangzhou at the beginning of October to lure the enemy to divide their troops, and then met each other in a narrow way, meeting in five ways, and then breaking the Jiangnan camp; They also took Jiangsu (prefecture) and Changzhou (prefecture) from the east and established Sufu Province, which opened up a new important base for the war in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. But since then, Li Xiucheng has paid insufficient attention to the war in the upper reaches of Tianjing. On the second expedition to the west, he did not enter Hubei for a long time. After arriving in southern Hubei, he retreated to the east. Although Zhejiang and Anqing fell, Tianjing lost its barrier to the west. In the first year of Tongzhi (the 12th year of Ren Xu Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 1862), he entered Shanghai. Assemble various armies (* * * thirteen kings) to save Tianjing and retreat after a long battle; And north into jiangbei, halfway back, lost most of the elite, the military situation fell sharply. In two years, he was appointed as a loyal minister strategist and presided over the battle of Tianjing. The Xiang army besieged the city day by day, and he urged "don't let the city go." Hong Xiuquan is stubborn and trapped. On June 16th, three years, Tianjing City was broken, and the young master was captured after he was freed from the encirclement. He wrote a long confession, describing the military affairs in the later period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in great detail, but he showed a feeling of begging for mercy and was soon killed.