At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian rulers were cruel and heartless. 135 1 year, the Yuan Dynasty recruited hundreds of thousands of farmers and soldiers to control the Yellow River flood. "Governing the river" and "exchanging money" led to the outbreak of the Red Scarf Army uprising.

135 1 May, the Red Scarf Army uprising led by Han and Han broke out. The following year, Guo Zixing responded, rallied and captured Haozhou. At the invitation of Tanghe, Zhu Yuanzhang, a civilian, went to Guo Zixing, made great achievements, was highly valued and trusted by Guo Zixing, and married Ma Shi, the adopted daughter of Guo Zixing.

1355, Liu Futong made Han Liner emperor, with the title of Song and the title of Dragon and Phoenix, known as Wang Xiaoming, with its capital in Bozhou. After his death, Zhu Yuanzhang was in charge of Guo Department and appointed him as Deputy Marshal Zuo.

1356, Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Qing Ji Road, renamed Yingtianfu, captured the surrounding strategic locations and gained a foothold. Zhu Yuanzhang adopted Zhu Sheng's suggestion of "building a high wall, accumulating grain widely, and being king slowly".

1360, the Poyang Lake water war dealt a great blow to Chen Youliang troops. 136 1 year, Wang Xiaoming made Zhu Yuanzhang Duke of Wu. 1363, Chen Youliang was defeated. 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang became king, known as "Xiwu" in history, which was different from Zhang Shicheng, the king of Wu Dongguo who occupied Pingkiang Prefecture.

1367, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Pingjiang, Zhang Shicheng committed suicide, and later destroyed Fang Guozhen, Zhejiang. 1368 On the fourth day of the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian (Nanjing), with the title of Daming Hongwu. After the Western Expedition in the Northern Expedition, in the same year, with the slogan of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China", Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others were ordered to make a northern expedition, capture the capital (namely, both capital and capital city), and Yuan Shundi fled northward, completely ending Mongolian rule in the whole country.

China once again returned to the dynastic rule established by the Han nationality. After that, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Ming Sheng in Sichuan, and Wang Liang in Yunnan won Zara Vormus and Naha in Liaodong. Eight times to send troops into Mobei, break the North Yuan, and the world will finally be decided.

Extended data:

Early Ming dynasty

The rule of Hongwu: In order to consolidate the rule, establish and improve various political systems, and restore and develop the social economy, Ming Taizu also enacted severe punishment laws to severely punish corrupt officials, and created the "rule of Hongwu", which led to the suspension of the Chinese book province and the prime minister, and the emperor took over the power, making the feudal centralization more centralized and strengthened.

I. Economy

In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), in March, Ming Taizu ordered the seal of Daming Baodian, which was loved by the people. At the beginning of Hong, most of the currencies in circulation in the market were drum-cast copper coins "Hongwu" coins. However, in the early Ming Dynasty, there was an extreme shortage of copper materials, and copper coins could not meet the market demand.

For this reason, Ming Taizu used the paper money system implemented in Yuan Dynasty for reference, and printed "Daming Treasure Paper Money" in parallel with copper coins, with paper money as the main part and copper coins as the supplement. Treasure notes in Ming Dynasty are divided into 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and consistent six grades.

Second, culture.

1, set up a school

In October of the second year of Hongwu (1369), Ming Taizu ordered local counties and counties to set up schools, which clearly defined the scale of schools at the prefecture, state and county levels and the contents of students' study. Students trained by local schools, with long experience, can be sent to imperial academy, the capital, for further study on a regular basis, or they can take the imperial examinations to gain fame.

1375 set up sociology to teach folk children. The school in Beijing is Guo Zi School (1382 changed to imperial academy), which is the highest institution of learning in China. Their students are called Guo Jian students, mostly children of bureaucrats and landlords, and their majors are "Four Books", "Five Classics" and laws and regulations. You can be an official directly after graduation.

2. Formulate imperial examinations

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), in May, due to the country's urgent need for talents, Ming Taizu issued an imperial edict, and in August, it set up a department to recruit scholars. In the Ming Dynasty, Kexing Examination was divided into two subjects, namely, after having obtained the provincial examination, the senior high school entrance examination and palace examination. Those who succeed in the provincial examination are called juren, and those who succeed in the imperial examination are eligible to take the palace examination. In the three-year exam, the imperial palace exam was personally checked by the emperor, and he passed the exam and was admitted as a scholar.

Anyone who has passed the examination of Jinshi can be awarded an official. The content of liberal arts examination is mainly limited to the four books and five classics, and the examination style is generally eight-part essay, with empty content and heavy form, so the imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty is also called eight-part essay examination. Wushu examiners pay attention to skills and courage, and the examination content changes according to the requirements of the current situation. There is a big exam every six years, and the first place in the senior high school entrance examination is Wu Zhuangyuan.

3. Set the points of monk record and Taoist record.

In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), Ming Taizu set up two divisions, Sanglu and Lu Dao, and set up local branches in other counties, such as Sanggang and Dao Ji. All the monks and Taoist officials were selected to be proficient in classics and to keep quiet.

The number of monks and Taoists in the temple is also sent to the government for record by the Department of Monks and Taoists. At the same time, the government gave monasteries and Taoist temples a large number of fields and tenants for their use, and exempted them from all land taxes and corvees. Influenced by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor formed a good Buddhist and Taoist style in the Ming Palace.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty

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