Palestine, formerly known as Canaan, is located in western Asia, and its territory includes Israel, Jordan, Gaza and the West Bank. Historically, Palestine has always been a place where Jews and Arabs live together. At the end of 12 BC, the Hebrew tribe, the ancestor of the Jews, moved to Palestine. 1 1 century BC, wise and pragmatic Jews established the Hebrew kingdom here, which was once strong. In 70 AD, the Roman army occupied Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish temple. In 135, the Jews were expelled from Palestine, and since then, they have been wandering for more than 800 years. From the day they were expelled from their homeland, the Jews never forgot to return to their homeland.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, a large-scale anti-semitism wave appeared in Europe, and the Zionist trend of thought and movement rose accordingly. 188 1 year, Pinske, a Russian Jewish doctor, published the book "Self-liberation" and put forward the idea of establishing a Jewish nation-state. This book is regarded as the origin of Zionism. 1896, Hecl, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer, published The Jewish State, which put forward the idea of Zionism completely. In response to the slogan "Jews get out" that was everywhere in Europe at that time, he wrote: "I want to ask this question in the simplest form now: Are we going out now? Where to go? " "The sovereignty of a certain part of the earth should be granted to us, and its area is enough to meet the normal needs of a nation; The rest is up to us. " Hecl's works have aroused great repercussions among Jews, but there have always been differences among Jews about where this national homeland was built. They imagined South Africa and Argentina, seriously considered Uganda and voted for it. It was not until 1897 that the first World Zionist Congress was held in Basel, Switzerland, that it was finally defined as the cultural root in the eyes of Jews-Palestine.
This congress proposed that Jews should establish "a homeland (or country) recognized by the public and guaranteed by law". At the same time, the "World Zionist Organization" was established and began its activities. They organized Jewish immigrants to Palestine, where Arabs have lived for centuries, and established the Jewish National Fund and the Palestinian Land Development Corporation. This session of Congress 1897 is considered to be the year when Jews began to put their dream of homeland into practice, and it is also considered to be the year when the Palestinian-Israeli dispute began.
During the First World War, Palestine was occupied by Britain and became a "mandated territory" of Britain after the war. 1917165438+12, British foreign secretary Belfo wrote to Rothschild, vice-chairman of the Zionist league, claiming that "Your Majesty's government is in favor of establishing a Jewish national state in Palestine and will do its utmost to promote its realization". This letter was later called the Balfour Declaration. On this basis, Jews began to immigrate to Palestine in large numbers. However, this move was strongly opposed by local Arabs in Palestine, who put pressure on Britain by means of riots and strikes to restrict Jewish immigration. The unrest lasted for three years. At the same time, Jews who had no livelihood under Nazi persecution continued to immigrate to Palestine in large numbers. By 1939, the total number of Jews living in Palestine had increased to 445,000.
During the period of 1936- 1939, Britain proposed to establish a Jewish state (much smaller in area than later designated by the United Nations) and an Arab state in Palestine, but the Arabs refused. 1939 in may, the British government was afraid of further arousing the resistance of Arab countries, so it took the initiative to show goodwill to Arab countries and put forward the so-called Palestinian white paper. The white paper proposes that in the next five years, only10.5 million Jews will be moved each year; Restrict Jews from buying Arab land, and prepare to gradually hand over Palestine to a local government with a majority of Arabs, under which Jews can exercise a high degree of autonomy. The Arab unrest has subsided, but it is obviously not an easy task to build trust between Jews and Arabs who strongly oppose it.
When the White Paper on Palestine was published, it was the day when European Jews struggled to find an oasis to live in to escape the Nazi Holocaust. In the Nazi Holocaust,13 of the Jews in the world were killed, and the total number of victims reached 6 million, leaving few Jews in Europe. Before Britain declared war on Germany, local Jews and trusteeship authorities refused to let persecuted German-Austrian Jews enter Palestine because of their adherence to the White Paper, and were on the verge of war. Violence is limited only based on hatred of German fascism. But in wartime, Jewish commandos never stopped destroying British facilities that intercepted illegal immigrants.
After World War II, hundreds of thousands of Polish Jewish prisoners liberated from Nazi concentration camps were homeless. They can't go back to their hometown, because at this time, there have been incidents of killing returning Jews in various parts of Poland; Except for a few Nordic countries, war-torn western European countries are unable to accommodate them; Even the United States, known as an immigrant country, is unwilling to open its doors. At this time, the only one who welcomes them with open arms is the Jewish community in Palestine. As Britain continued to adhere to the policy of the White Paper, the conflict between Jewish commandos and British trusteeship authorities escalated. Jews bombed roads and bridges, attacked camps where illegal immigrants were held and assassinated British officials.
This will be an unpopular war for Britain. At this time, Hitler's crime of killing 6 million Jews was gradually exposed, and international public opinion expressed sympathy for the Jews. It is really unreasonable to let those liberated Polish Jews continue to live in concentration camps. With the exposure of the secret documents of the Axis countries, Britain rejected Italy's proposal, and its decision not to approve the transfer of German and Austrian Jews to Palestine through Italy was also made public. Public opinion regarded Britain as an accomplice in the massacre of Jews. Under the pressure of international public opinion, Britain decided to get away from Palestine. 1947 February 15, Britain announced that it would hand over the hot potato of Palestine to the United Nations.
1947165438+1On 29 October, the second session of the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of Palestinian partition with 33 votes in favor, 13 votes against (including 10 Islamic countries) and 10 abstentions. The resolution stipulates that Britain will end its mandated rule in Palestine and withdraw its troops before 1 August 9481; Two months later, two countries were established on the land of Palestine, namely, the Arab country and the Jewish country. According to the blueprint of partition resolution, the territory of Arab countries can reach 1 1203 square kilometers, accounting for about 43% of the total area of Palestine at that time. The population is 725,000 Arabs and 65,438+0,000 Jews. The land of the Jewish State is 14942 square kilometers, accounting for about 57% of the total area of Palestine. The population includes 497,000 Arabs and 598,000 Jews. The resolution also stipulated that the United Nations should establish and manage an international special regime for the city of Jerusalem. In order to be the ruling Labor Party for Israel, the Soviet Union changed the anti-Semitic attitude inherent in the Russian Empire, made great efforts for the founding of Israel, and gave diplomatic and military support to the establishment and consolidation of the State of Israel. Gromyko, Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, delivered a touching speech at the United Nations General Assembly, which played an important role in the smooth adoption of resolution 18 1. However, Britain, which vowed to support the Jewish Restoration in the Balfour Declaration, abstained.
At that time, there were more than 65,438+200,000 Arabs in Palestine, accounting for more than two thirds of the total population. However, the territory of Arab countries in the partition resolution only accounts for 43% of the total area of Palestine. What makes Arabs unbearable is that the territory of Arab countries is fragmented and disconnected, and most of them are hilly and barren areas. The Jewish state is not like this. Although there are only 600,000 Jews, accounting for less than13 of the total population, their territory accounts for 57% of the total area of Palestine, and most of them are located in fertile coastal areas.
On the afternoon of May 1948, the square in front of Tel Aviv Museum of Modern Art was crowded with Jews. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Ben-Gurion, the "father of the founding of Israel" with a height of 1.6 meters, declared the independence of the State of Israel. Ben Gurion became Israel's first prime minister.
The news of the founding of Israel spread all over the world by radio waves, and most countries responded positively. 17 after Ben Gurion announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), White House Press Secretary Charlie Rose announced to reporters that the United States recognized Israel. The declaration of recognition of Israel was drafted by Americans before they knew the name of this new country. When he learned that the country was named "Israel", President Truman crossed out the word "Jewish State" in the proclamation and changed it to "Israel". 17 in may, the Soviet union announced its recognition of Israel.
On May 1948, 15, the day after Israel announced its founding, Britain announced the end of its mandated rule over Palestine. On the same day, the armies of the Arab League countries Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan (renamed Jordan in 1950) successively entered Palestine. At the same time, the Arab League issued a statement declaring that Israel was in a state of war and the first Middle East war broke out. The history of this war is called "Palestinian War".
Different from the later Middle East war, Britain and the United States sided with Arabs in the Palestinian war because of their long-term strategic consideration of the Arab world. It was the Soviet Union that fully supported the founding of Israel. Czechoslovakia, which was under the control of the Soviet Union at that time, not only provided Israel with a lot of arms, but also provided Israel with a special airport, established an air corridor and trained the air force and paratroopers for Israel. During the war, several Jewish soldiers of the US Air Force in Europe risked being sent to a military court and stole three heavy bombers. After the airport in Czechoslovakia was filled with bombs, they took off to bomb Cairo and Damascus.
Due to the suspicion and internal discord between the Arab countries participating in the war, King Abdullah of Jordan and King Farouk of Egypt made their own calculations, which enabled Israel, which had only guerrilla strength, to take the initiative in the war. In mid-July, at the urging of Britain and the United States, Israel declared a ceasefire, but sporadic fighting continued until 1949. After the war, Palestine was divided into three parts: Israel occupied 78% of the total area of Palestine, exceeding the area of more than 5,700 square kilometers stipulated in the partition resolution; The West Bank is under the jurisdiction of Jordan; The Gaza Strip is under Egyptian jurisdiction. Nearly/kloc-0.00 million Palestinians were expelled from their homes and became refugees.
The failure of the first Middle East War made the neighboring Arab countries feel ashamed, and the revolutionary atmosphere was everywhere. 1949 In March, August and February, there were three coups in Syria. 1951July, King Abdullah and his son of Jordan were assassinated by Palestinian refugees. King Abdullah 18-year-old grandson Hussein survived because a bullet hit his grandfather's medal pinned to his chest. 1953, he succeeded to the throne of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 1952 In July, Egyptian soldiers overthrew the Farouk dynasty, and Nasser, leader of the Freedom Officers Organization, became president in June 1956.
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Country name: State of Israel.
Independence Day: May 14 (1948). Israel declared its independence on May 1948. Although the Gregorian calendar is adopted in daily life in Israel, the Jewish calendar is adopted in national festivals. Therefore, the annual independence day is not necessarily May 14 of the Gregorian calendar.
National Day: May 14 (1948)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of about 3: 2. The flag is white, with a blue broadband above and below. Blue and white come from the colors of shawls used by Jews in prayer. In the middle of the white flag is a blue six-pointed star, which is the star of King David of Israel in ancient times and symbolizes the power of the country.
National emblem: It is a rectangular coat of arms. There is a seven candlestick on the blue shield. According to records, this candlestick was used to light the altar of the temple in Jerusalem. The candlestick is decorated with olive branches on both sides, symbolizing the Jewish desire for peace. Under the candlestick is written "State of Israel" in Hebrew.
National anthem: "Song of Hope"
State dignitaries: President moshe katsav who took office in 2000; Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister, took office at 5438+0 in March 2006 and served as Prime Minister again in February 2003; Foreign Minister silvan shalom; Simon Perez, temporary speaker of the Minister of National Defense Shaul mofaz; Chief of Staff Moses Yaalon; General Secretary of Likud Group Maxim Levy.
Former Israeli Prime Minister Rabin committed to Middle East peace.
The Old City of Jerusalem in the Moonlight
Physical geography: According to 1947 United Nations resolution on the partition of Palestine, the area of the State of Israel is 14900 square kilometers. Located in the west of Asia, bordering Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the Gulf of Aqaba in the south, it is the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe. Coastal areas are long and narrow plains, with mountains and plateaus in the east. It has a Mediterranean climate.
Population: 6.259 million (in 2000, including Jewish residents in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem), of which Jews account for 76.7%, Arabs, Druze and others account for 23.3%. Hebrew is the national language, Arabic is the official language, and English is widely used. Judaism is the state religion, about 85% of the residents believe in Judaism, and 13% believe in Islam.
Jewish New Year wailing wall Prayer
Capital: In Tel Aviv when the People's Republic was founded, 1950 moved to Jerusalem, which is not generally recognized. 1On July 30th, 980, the Knesset passed a bill declaring Jerusalem as the "eternal and indivisible capital" of Israel, but the seat of its government is still in Tel Aviv. "[For the status and ownership of Jerusalem, Arab countries have always been controversial with Israel. Arab countries demand that "Israel withdraw from all Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Arab Jerusalem (referring to East Jerusalem)". Most countries that have diplomatic relations with Israel still have embassies in Tel Aviv. The population of Jerusalem is about 634,000 (2000). Comfort
"Shipbuilding", the landmark building of Haifa, a port city.
Brief history: Israel has a long history and is the birthplace of Judaism, Islam and Christianity, the three major religions in the world. The distant ancestor of the Jews was the Hebrews, a branch of the ancient Semitic people. At the end of 13 BC, he moved from Egypt to Palestine, and successively established the Kingdom of Hebrew and the Kingdom of Israel. In 722 BC and 586 BC, these two kingdoms were conquered by Assyrians and destroyed by Babylonians respectively. In 63 BC, the Romans invaded, and most Jews were driven out of Palestine and exiled to European and American countries. In the 7th century, Palestine was occupied by the Arab Empire, and Arabs became the vast majority of residents there. Palestine was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in the16th century. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the Jewish bourgeoisie in Europe launched the "Zionist Movement", and 1897 established the "Zionist Organization of the Century". 19 17 British occupation of Palestine,165438+1the Balfour declaration was issued on 2 October.
Ake, the first world cultural heritage with a history of more than 5,000 years, is one of the oldest cities in the world.
He believes that "a Jewish homeland guaranteed by public law should be established for the Jewish nation in Palestine". 1922, the league of nations adopted the British "mandate rule" over Palestine, stipulating the establishment of a "Jewish national home" in Palestine. Later, Jews from all over the world moved to Palestine in large numbers. 1947165438+1On October 29th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to establish an Arab state and a Jewish state in Palestine. The State of Israel was formally established.
Gaza Strip and Jewish Settlements: Israeli Nuclear Situation
Politics: Israel is a parliamentary country, and parliamentary candidates are run by political parties. Israel has no constitution, only basic laws, such as the Knesset Law, the President Law and the Cabinet Law. The president is a symbolic head of state, and his functions are basically ceremonial. Parliament has the power to recall the president. The Cabinet is accountable to Parliament. Israel's electoral system >:>& gt Likud Group
The Cathedral of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem
Economy: For more than 50 years, Israel, with barren land and lack of resources, has adhered to the road of strengthening the country through science and technology, attached importance to education and personnel training, and made its economy develop rapidly. 1.999 per capita GNP 1.6 million US dollars. The development of high-tech industries in Israel has attracted worldwide attention, especially in the fields of electronics, communications, computer software, medical equipment, biotechnology engineering, agriculture and aviation. Israel is located on the edge of the desert, which is short of water resources. Severe water shortage has made Israel form a unique drip irrigation water-saving technology in agriculture, making full use of existing water resources and turning a large desert into an oasis. Farmers who account for less than 5% of the total population not only feed the people, but also export a large number of high-quality fruits, vegetables, flowers and cotton.
Diplomacy: Carry out all-round diplomacy. Maintain traditional friendly relations with western countries; Maintain the status of strategic ally with the United States; Actively develop relations with CIS countries and eastern European countries; Promote the Middle East peace process and strive to achieve reconciliation with Arab countries; Expand relations with African and Asian countries.
Relations with China:1950 65438+1On October 9th, Israel announced its recognition of People's Republic of China (PRC). 199265438+1On October 24th, Israel established diplomatic relations with China at the ambassadorial level. From June 5 to February 2003, Israeli President katsav paid a state visit to China.
The population of Israel is about 6.5 million, including 5 million Jews, and the rest are mainly Arabs. Israelis are mostly immigrants, who are a fusion of different ethnic backgrounds, lifestyles, religious beliefs and cultural traditions. About 9 1% residents live in cities, and about 5% people are members of unique rural cooperatives-Kibbutz and Moshaf. Since King David established his capital about 3,000 years ago, the capital Jerusalem has been the center of Jewish history, spirit and nation. The main cities are Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Beersheba and Netanya, while Eilat Tel Aviv is the national industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center. The official languages are Hebrew and Arabic, and English and Russian are also widely used.
Israel is located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the west, bordering Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt, and is the intersection of Europe, Asia and Africa. Israel has a long and narrow territory, covering an area of about 22,000 square kilometers. Israel is small in size, but rich in landform features, ranging from verdant plateau to fertile green valley, from hilly desert to coastal plain, from Jordan Valley with subtropical climate to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth. The climate in Israel is characterized by abundant sunshine, and the rainy season is 165438+ 10 to April of the following year. The diversity of Israel's flora and fauna reflects its geographical location, various landforms and climate.
Israel is a parliamentary democracy with three powers: legislative, executive and judicial. The head of state is the president and a symbol of national unity and sovereignty. At present, this position is held by moshe katsav. The Knesset is the legislative body of Israel, consisting of 120 members. It is elected by direct national universal suffrage every four years, and the leader of the parliamentary majority party is appointed as the Prime Minister of the government. . The government headed by the Prime Minister is responsible for administration, internal affairs and diplomacy.
As the cradle of monotheism, Israel is known as the "Holy Land" of many holy places and places of worship of Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Baha 'i (Gundam 1999). Judaism is 78.5%, Islam 15.0%, Christianity is 2. 1% and Druze/Kloc.
200 1 annual GNP1106.23 million USD, per capita GNP 17 180 USD, unemployment rate 9.3%, inflation index 1.4%, and net foreign debt 4.279 billion USD. Currency: New Israeli shekel (NIS).
The History of Israel and the Origin of China-Israel Relations
There are two opposing views on Israel: 1, the running dog of the United States, the mortal enemy of the people in the Middle East, and the half-hearted attitude towards China, especially in the Wellcome incident, which conspired with the Americans to delay the inclusion of the early warning aircraft of the China Air Force. 2. A good friend of the people of China thanked the people of China. When the Tangshan earthquake struck, they immediately announced that they would help the people of China with US$ 6,543.8 billion, as well as other explicit or implicit military support. Throughout the history of Israel, I always feel that neither view is appropriate.
1. When did Israel become a running dog of the United States?
Palestine is the hometown of Jews, but after the Roman Empire occupied Jerusalem, it began to persecute Jews. Jews have to leave their homes, but smart Jews shine brilliantly in the fields of finance, culture, thought and science in Europe and America, so that Israelis often only mention two points in patriotism education: if there were no Jews, there would be no atomic bomb, and there would be no Soviet Union and People's Republic of China (PRC), because Einstein and Marx were both Jews. Unfortunately, the prominence of Jews is not liked by local people. They blame Jews for corruption, unemployment and poverty, which is somewhat similar to Indonesian Chinese. From Shakespeare's time or earlier, anti-Semitism began in Europe. Shylock in The Merchant of Venice is a Jew. By the19th century, no country in Europe welcomed Jews. At this time, an important figure in the history of Israel appeared. Theodor herzl, a French Jew, led the creation of Zionism. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of Eastern European Jews have returned to Palestine, which has been ruled by the British. The Nazis persecuted Jews, and Palestine became the hope of Jews, while the British and Arabs did not welcome the large-scale immigration of Jews, and the contradiction began. Jews began to build their own armed forces and clashed with the British and Arabs. Although the Second World War immediately eased the contradiction between Jews and the British, when the war situation was clear, Germany's defeat was a foregone conclusion, and the persecution of Jews reached its peak, the British still adopted a policy of restricting Jews from entering Palestine, which angered the Jews. Bei Jing, the leader of Elogon, a Jewish paramilitary organization, ordered a war against the British army in 1944, and then in 10, 1, Ben Gurion (the first Israeli prime minister) also ordered the Jewish armed forces to harass the British army. It's hard to say who is right or wrong. The British must be responsible to the local Arabs. Palestine is not a place suitable for many people to live in. Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq next door all complained about the arrival of Jews. The British approach is understandable, but in the eyes of Jews, Jews in Europe have reached the most dangerous time. Britain's restrictive policy is the biggest enemy of the Jews, and it will also go to war with Britain.
By 1947, the anxious British had to submit the Palestinian issue to the United Nations. This is a two-faced practice, which is welcomed by Jews, but Arabs don't care. Jews advocated partition and successfully persuaded the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. On the contrary, Arabs refused to cooperate with the Special Committee. Finally, on1October 29th, 1947+ 165438, the United Nations adopted a resolution on the partition of Israel and Palestine. Please pay attention to the voting results. The United States and the Soviet Union voted in favour, and so did most of their allies. The United States and the Soviet Union rarely agree on one issue. Arab countries voted against it, while Britain and China (Kuomintang) abstained. The Jews received the founding certificate issued by the United Nations. From this perspective, the existence of Israel has a legal basis.
1May, 94814th, the British trusteeship ended, and Jewish Israel was formally founded according to the UN resolution. When fashion expressed its support in Xibaipo, the editorial of Jizhong Herald in the liberated area of North China cheered, saying that 14 announced the establishment of a new Jewish state called Israel, and the Jewish people who had been wandering outside the motherland for two thousand years and suffered humiliation and slaughter began to realize their desire to establish a Jewish state. But the Arab countries refused to admit it. On the second day after the founding of Israel, five Arab countries, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq, formed an allied force and declared war on Israel, trying to erase this emerging country from the map. But in the end, Israel won, occupied a large area of Arab land, and 960,000 Palestinians fled their homes. This is the first Middle East war, the beginning of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the origin of Palestinian refugees.
The first Middle East War (which Israel called the War of Independence) was not written much in history, but it was actually the most dangerous war fought by Israel and the deepest war in which Arabs entered the hinterland of Israel. Later, Israel never gave the Arabs this chance. Newly independent Israel has no air force, navy or even tanks, only a few cannons and a few machine guns. At this time, some people said that Americans would give support, and now I want to tell them. Apart from supporting the founding of Israel, the Americans did not give Israel 1 cent for military cooperation. The real moral and military support for Israel to win the war of independence is the socialist Soviet Union!
This is a fact. In fact, in 1948, the Middle East was fundamentally different from the present. At that time, Egypt was ruled by the Farouk dynasty and supported by the British. Iraq was ruled by the Faisal dynasty and Jordan was ruled by the king. Syria has just become independent and has turned to Britain and the United States politically. Lebanon has always been pro-Western. It can be said that the United States had a good relationship with Arab countries at that time, and Britain was the suzerain of most Arab countries. Therefore, it is not surprising that the United States and Britain remained neutral in the First Middle East War. Israel, which has just become independent, is politically led by the Workers' Party and economically dominated by collective farms. Cooperative economy, public ownership of production tools and equal distribution of labor results are all in the same strain as socialism. Capitalism and free market are considered dirty words. Compared with those decadent Arab kingdoms, it is more like a socialist country. Stalin ordered the Czech Republic and Yugoslavia to provide military airports for smuggling weapons to Israel (because the Soviet Union would not openly offend Arab countries, the United States and Britain), to provide those captured German equipment to Israel in urgent need of weapons free of charge, and to receive Israeli pilots for training. Romania, Hungary and Poland allowed Jews to leave the country, alleviating the shortage of Israelis. For these reasons and the brave spirit of striving for national independence, Israel won the first Middle East War.
The war ended and friends became enemies.
The first is the break between Israel and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union is the second big country to recognize Israel after the United States. However, Israel is a small country, and it must learn to live in the cracks. As a national leader, Ben Gurion should consider national security. As the head of the elected government, he should also consider improving the lives of ordinary people. Israel's economic development cannot be separated from the West. Shortly after the war, Israel accepted a loan of US$ 0/billion from the Export-Import Bank of the United States. But Stalin didn't think so. Soon, the situation of Jews in Eastern Europe began to deteriorate. However, Israel's solution is not to offend the two big countries and talk well. Even when 1949122 October, the United Nations discussed the human rights and freedoms of immigrants from Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, the Israeli delegation was ordered to remain silent.
However, Israel's financial situation is getting worse and worse. Without American aid, Israel's economy will go bankrupt. When the Korean War broke out, Israel's attitude of sitting on the sidelines came to an end and had to condemn North Korea against its will. Although Foreign Minister Shah Park Jung Su explained and promised to the Soviet Union many times, the Soviets had already seen that Israel, like Yugoslavia, still had to run with the West. Large-scale anti-Semitism broke out in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union: in Prague, among the 14 senior officials tried,1were Jews, and Jews were accused of murdering world-famous Soviet doctors. At that time, the Israeli ambassadors in Prague and Warsaw were declared persona non grata. Finally, 1953, 16 February, the Soviet Union closed its embassy in Israel. Although the relationship between the two countries eased after Stalin's death, on July 20, at the proposal of the Soviet Union, the two countries resumed diplomatic relations, but the relationship between the two sides was damaged. From the spring of 1954, the Soviet Union took the lead in attacking Israel at the United Nations. Soviet diplomacy experienced a sharp tilt.
All this is related to the drastic changes in Arab countries.
The Arabs lost the first Middle East War. Some junior officers believe that the failure of the war is not due to the strength and courage of the Jews, but to the incompetence and corruption of the kings. 1953, the Free Officers Corps headed by Nasser overthrew the rule of the Farouk dynasty, and established the Republic of Egypt, which was anti-British and anti-Soviet. 1955 gained a value of 320 million US dollars.
14 In July, the Iraqi Freedom Officers' Organization headed by Abdol-Karim Kassem staged a coup, overthrew the Faisal dynasty, announced the establishment of the Republic of Iraq, and Kassem became the Prime Minister. 1959 On March 24th, Iraq withdrew from the pro-American Baghdad Treaty Organization and the Sterling Zone. Politics in the Middle East has taken a 180 degree turn. It was at this time that the new China's foreign policy in the Middle East was also adjusted. Egypt and other restructured countries established diplomatic relations with China, and we turned to support Arab countries and launched diplomatic war with Chiang Kai-shek in the Middle East.
When the Arab countries received military support from the Soviet Union, Israel could not get weapons of the same quality. Now, the quality and quantity of Egypt's weapons surpass Israel's. According to conventional calculations, it takes six to eight months for the Egyptian army to learn and master the performance of Soviet-made weapons. Egypt is likely to attack Israel in the spring and summer of 1956. However, Israel cannot buy weapons. Britain, the United States and Canada are unreliable (mainly because Israel is not highly rated). At this time, the savior came out, and the new French government had a good impression on Israel. Young Shimon Perez succeeded in persuading the French, who agreed to sell 72 mirage jets, 200 AMX tanks and a lot of ammunition to Israel from 65438 to 0956 in secret. Although France suffered a crushing defeat in World War II, legal weapons are still very distinctive. The Israelis breathed a sigh of relief, but the threat from Egypt has not been eliminated.
1On July 26th, 956, Nasser announced that he would nationalize the Suez Canal controlled by Britain and France, which cut off the financial resources of the two declining empires and directly affected their interests in Asia. The veteran colonialists immediately showed their ferocious face and found Israel, and Israel realized from the beginning of the war of independence that its territory was too small to wait for the enemy to come in, which would be very unfavorable to its country. The most advantageous thing is to go out. First of all, the war developed as expected, and Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula. But people are not as good as heaven, and the United States took the lead in cracking down on aggressors in the West.