1946 At the end of the year, the US troops stationed in China raped a female student of Peking University in Peiping, which was the fuse and triggered a mass movement centered on Peiping to protest against the atrocities of the US troops. Under the direct leadership of the Central Committee and the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau, this movement quickly swept across the country, and 500,000 students held a strike demonstration. The angry students shouted: "Defend the independence and freedom of the motherland!" "Oppose the Sino-US commercial agreement!" Wait for the slogan. This riot movement is aimed at the United States and Chiang Kai-shek. It marks the revival of the people's struggle in Chiang Kai-shek area and is the starting point for the formation of the second front. The aftermath of the riot movement was not smooth. 1947 in may, student movements with the slogan of "anti-hunger, anti-civil war and anti-persecution" spread all over more than 60 large and medium-sized cities in Kuomintang-controlled areas. Because this movement linked anti-hunger and anti-civil war, it shouted out the voice of the people of the whole country and was easily accepted by the broad masses. Although the movement was suppressed, resulting in the May 20th bloody case, it lasted for more than a month with the support of the people of the whole country, and merged with the workers' strike, teachers' strike and the struggles of people from all walks of life, forming a nationwide anti-American and anti-Chiang wave, which was an important symbol of the climax of the people's movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and the formation of the second battlefield.
The student movement is the pioneer and main body of the second front struggle, and the upsurge of the student movement has promoted the upsurge of the national movement. From the second half of 1946, a massive civil uprising swept over more than 300 counties in Kuomintang-controlled areas, with 840,000 participants. 1947 On February 28th, the people of Taiwan Province Province launched an armed uprising against the tyranny of the Kuomintang, which lasted more than half a month. Although the uprising was suppressed, it promoted the development of the democratic movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. In May of the same year, the wave of "grabbing rice" in Hangzhou swept over more than 40 towns and villages in Kuomintang-controlled areas, and more than 6,543.8+0.7 million people participated in the "grabbing rice". From 65438 to 0947, 3.2 million people in more than 30 large and medium-sized cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Peiping participated in the struggle against the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang. These struggles echoed and cooperated with the student movement, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and gradually formed a front of face-to-face struggle with the Kuomintang government. As can be seen from the above, under the correct leadership of the China * * * Production Party, the upsurge of the democratic movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas is the subjective reason for the formation of the second front.
In addition to the above reasons, the failure of the Kuomintang's military attack on the liberated areas and the rapid development of the people's liberation war are also important reasons for the formation of the second battlefield.