After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, after more than ten years of unified war, the situation of nearly a hundred years of separatism since the late Tang Dynasty ended, the feudal relations of production were adjusted to a certain extent, and the favorable situation of relative social stability and gradual economic development appeared, agricultural production and science and technology developed greatly, and the industrial and commercial economy flourished. However, once the Song Dynasty was established, it fell into a situation of "poor and weak". Big landlords and bureaucrats annexed land at will, which increased farmers' tax and corvee burden. Therefore, farmers constantly revolted and put forward the slogan of "equal wealth". Song Dynasty was often invaded by Liao and Xixia. In this case of sharp class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, how to maintain national unity and long-term stability has become a problem that feudal ruling class thinkers should study. In order to solve the sharp social contradictions at that time and for the fundamental interests of the feudal system, the ideological trend of social reform appeared in the middle and early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Wang Anshi was the representative of the reformists. In order to strengthen ideological rule, the rulers at that time advocated replacing the dominant position of Buddhism with Confucianism. Under this historical background, Neo-Confucianism came into being, and a number of theorists emerged, such as Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, Shao Yong, etc., which are often called "the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty".