1. The root of the British Opium War: In the first half of the 9th century, in order to open the China market, promote industrial products and plunder cheap industrial raw materials, the direct reason for smuggling opium to China was to reverse the trade deficit.

2. 1839, Lin zexu was sent to Guangzhou by Daoguang Emperor to ban smoking, conduct unannounced visits and secret investigations, arrest cigarette dealers and collect opium. In June, opium was destroyed in Humentan, which was a great victory of China people's anti-smoking struggle and showed the strong will of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, became a national hero, and this activity became the fuse of the Opium War.

3. 1840- 1842, the first opium war broke out. After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the beginning of the modern history of China.

4. 1856- 1860 The British and French allied forces launched the Second Opium War to further open the China market. After occupying Beijing, they burned the Yuanmingyuan.

5. Before and after the Second Opium War, Russia forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, and occupied the territory of northeast and northwest China1500,000 square kilometers. * (Combine the table on page 8 and the picture on page 9)

6.1851-1864 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, 1853 occupied Nanjing another day, made its capital, and established a regime against the Qing Dynasty. In order to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty, troops were sent to the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition.

7. As an imperial envoy, Zuo adopted the strategy of "going north first, then going south, and slowly advancing into urgent battle" to recover Xinjiang. In order to strengthen the management and defense of the northwest frontier, the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang in 1884.

8. 1894- 1895 After the defeat of the Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed with Japan, which greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China.

9. 1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion was aimed at imperialist aggression.

10. 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of mourning for ugliness with the eight countries, which increased the newborn burden of China people and seriously damaged China's sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

1 1.65438+ Hubei textile layout etc. In the 1970s and 1980s, three navies, namely, the South China Sea, Beiyang and Fujian, were formed. Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded in 1938+0862, which is the first new school founded by the Westernization School.

12. Evaluation of the Westernization Movement * (Page 30, Focus) In the Sino-Japanese War, beiyang fleet was completely annihilated and the Westernization Movement went bankrupt. Westernization Movement took place in the special historical stage of modern society in China, which was a self-help movement of failed feudal rulers. …………

13.1In the spring of 895, Kang Youwei's "Letter to the Bus" kicked off the political reform.

14. *1898 From June to September, Emperor Guangxu issued a series of decrees, the content of which was (P33): It is required to master from five aspects: politics, economy, military affairs, education and ideology.

In 15. 1894, Sun Yat-sen organized a revolutionary group, the Zhong Xing Society. 1905, a unified revolutionary organization with Sun Yat-sen as the prime minister was established, and the revolutionary program of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, abolishing the absolute monarchy, establishing a democratic country and reforming the land system was adopted. Its establishment greatly promoted the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country.

16.1911The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and made democracy and ideas deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 were stolen by Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, and failed to complete the task of anti-imperialism and feudalism.

17. 19 15, Chen Duxiu and other intellectuals held high the two banners of "democracy" and "science", took New Youth magazine as the main position, launched a new culture movement, and attacked Zun Kong with four main ideas and four oppositions as the main content, thus setting off a trend of ideological emancipation in society.

In 18. 19 18, Li Dazhao published two articles, The Victory of the Common People and The Victory of Bolshevism, to promote Marxism.

19. The New Culture Movement is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of our country. It inspires people to pursue democracy and science, explores the truth of saving the country and the people, and creates conditions for the spread of Marxism in China. However, the New Culture Movement also showed an absolute negative or positive bias towards the eastern and western cultures, and had an impact on later generations.

20.1965438+On May 4th, 2009, students from Peking University and other schools held demonstrations, demanding "fighting for sovereignty from outside and getting rid of national thieves from inside", canceling "Article 21", opposing signing a "peace treaty" with Germany and punishing traitors, which was suppressed by the Beiyang warlord government. In early June, Shanghai workers went on strike and businessmen went on strike to support the students' struggle. Cao Rulin and other traitors were dismissed, and they refused to sign the peace treaty. The May 4th Movement achieved initial victory. The May 4th Patriotic Movement was a patriotic movement that was thoroughly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal, and it was the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.

21.1921The party's program was adopted at the first national congress held in Shanghai in July, and the party's goal was to overthrow the bourgeois regime, establish the dictatorship of the proletariat, and realize capitalism. The central task is to lead the workers' movement.

22. 1922, the second national congress of communist party, China, decided that the party's democratic revolutionary program is to overthrow warlords, overthrow imperialist oppression and establish a democratic Republic. This is the first time that China put forward a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program.

Huangpu Military Academy was founded on 23rd.1924, with Zhou Enlai as the principal, and trained a large number of military and political talents.

24. 1926, Guangdong National Government's Northern Expedition, aimed at overthrowing the rule of Beiyang warlords and unifying the whole country; Object: Wu, Sun and Zhang; Main battlefields: Hunan and Hubei; Main battles: Tingsi Bridge, and Sheng Qiao; Destroyed Wu's main force in the battlefield between the two lakes; Less than half a year after his graduation, the Northern Expeditionary Army moved from the Pearl River Valley to the Yangtze River Valley, and the National Government moved from Guangzhou to Wuhan.

25. 1927 In April, Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution and established the "National Government" in Nanjing. It represents the interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, takes refuge in imperialism abroad and suppresses the people's revolutionary movement at home.

Mid-term exam content

Review outline of physics in senior two.

First, the length measurement

1, length measurement

The measurement of length is the most basic measurement, and the most commonly used tool is the scale.

2, the length of the unit and conversion

The international unit of length is meter (m), and commonly used units are kilometer (Km), decimeter (dm), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm), micron (um) and nanometer (nm).

1km 103m 10m 10dm 10cm 10mm 103um 103nm

When the length is converted to units, the small units are multiplied and the large units are divided by the small units.

3. Correct use of the scale

(1) Pay attention to the zero scale line, measuring range and dividing value before use.

(2) Pay attention when using

(1) The ruler should be placed along the measured length, and the edge of the ruler should be aligned with the measured object. It must be placed in a straight line and cannot be skewed.

② Don't use worn zero scale lines. If another whole scale line is used as the zero scale line due to the wear of the zero scale line, don't forget to subtract the scale value of the replacement zero scale line from the final reading.

③ The thick ruler should be placed vertically.

(4) When reading, the line of sight should be perpendicular to the ruler.

4. Record the measured values correctly

The measurement results consist of numbers and units.

(1) It is meaningless to write numbers without units.

(2) When reading, you need to estimate the next digit of the scale value.

Step 5 be wrong

The difference between the measured value and the true value

Errors are inevitable, but they can be minimized. Avoidable mistakes should not happen.

The basic method to reduce the error is to measure the average for many times. In addition, selecting precision instruments and improving measurement methods can also reduce the error.

6, special method measurement

(1) accumulation method

For example, measuring the diameter of metal wire or the thickness of paper.

(2) Caliper method

(3) substitution method

Second, simple exercise.

1, mechanical motion

The change of the position of an object is called mechanical motion.

All objects are in motion, and there is no absolutely stationary object, which means that motion is absolute. We usually say that motion and static are relative to another object (reference), so the description of motion is relative.

2. Reference object

When studying mechanical motion, the object chosen as the standard is called the reference object.

(1) Not all reference objects are stationary relative to the ground. Just choose which object as the reference, and we assume that the object is stationary.

(2) Reference objects can be selected arbitrarily, but different reference objects may describe the same object motion differently.

3. Relatively static

Two objects moving in the same direction at the same speed, or the position between them remains the same, are relatively static.

4, uniform linear motion

Uniform linear motion is called uniform linear motion.

Uniform linear motion is the simplest mechanical motion.

5. Speed

(1) speed is a physical quantity representing the speed of an object.

(2) In uniform linear motion, the speed is equal to the distance traveled by the moving object in unit time.

(3) speed formula: v= S t

(4) the unit of speed

International unit: m/s Common unit: km/h1m/s = 3.6 km/h.

6. Average speed

The ratio of the time required for a variable-speed object to pass a certain distance is called the average speed of the object at that distance.

Leveling speed must indicate the average speed of distance or time.

7. Measure the average speed

Principle: v = s/t

Measuring tools: scales, stopwatches (or other timers)

Third, sound phenomenon.

1, the appearance of sound

Everything that makes a sound vibrates. When the vibration stops, the sound will also stop.

Sound space is produced by the vibration of objects, but not all vibrations will produce sound space.

2. Transmission between voices

The transmission of sound needs medium, and vacuum cannot transmit sound.

(1) Sound is transmitted by all gases, liquids and solids, which are called media. Even if astronauts on the moon talk face to face, they still need to rely on radio. That's because there is no air on the moon, and vacuum can't spread sound.

(2) Sound travels at different speeds in different media.

Step 3 echo

In the process of sound propagation, the sound that people hear again when they encounter obstacles is called echo.

(1) Conditions for distinguishing echo from original sound: the echo reaches the human ear more than 0. 1 second later than the original sound.

(2) When it is less than 0. 1 sec, the reflected sound can only strengthen the original sound.

(3) Echo can be used to measure the depth of the sea or how far the probe is from obstacles.

4. Tone

The sound level is called tone, which is determined by the vibration frequency of the speaker. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.

Step 5: Volume

The volume of sound is called loudness, which is related to the amplitude of speaker vibration and the distance from the sound source to the human ear.

6, timbre

The quality of sound produced by different vocal bodies is called timbre.

7. Noise and its sources

From the physical point of view, noise refers to the sound produced when the vocal body vibrates irregularly and disorderly. From the perspective of environmental protection, all sounds that hinder people from resting, studying and working normally belong to noise.

8, the division of sound level

People use decibels to divide sound levels. 30 dB -40 dB is an ideal quiet environment. If it exceeds 50dB, it will affect sleep. If it exceeds 70dB, it will interfere with the call and affect the work efficiency. If you live in a noise environment above 90dB for a long time, it will affect your hearing.

9. Ways to reduce noise

Can be attenuated at the sound source, during propagation and at the human ear.

geography

1, the geographical location and characteristics of China:

● Latitude position and advantages: China's territory spans a vast latitude from north to south, most of which are located in the mid-latitude area, belonging to the (northern temperature) zone, and a small part is in the (tropical) zone, not in the (cold zone). The climate difference is great, which is harmful to the development (a variety of agricultural economies)

) provides favorable conditions.

● Land and sea location and advantages: (1) It is located in the eastern part of Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean, which makes the eastern part of China vast (under the influence of humid air flow in summer monsoon, precipitation occurs).

Rich and beneficial to (agricultural) production; (2) The eastern region has both land and sea, which is conducive to friendly exchanges with overseas countries; Western region (deep into Eurasia)

China's land transportation can directly communicate with other countries (Central Asia, West Asia and Europe), which is convenient for foreign countries (communication and cooperation) (3) There are many excellent harbors along the coast, which are convenient for development (marine undertakings).

● China has a territorial area of (9.6 million) square kilometers, ranking third in the world after (Russian) and (Canadian). Lulin 14. Clockwise, North Korea, (Russia) and (Mongolia)

), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, (India), Nepal, Bhutan, (Myanmar), (Laos

) Vietnam. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers. There are six countries across the sea: Korea, (Japan), Philippines, (Malaysia), Brunei and (Indonesia).

2. The population of our country

● Population in 2000: (1295) billion.

● The outstanding characteristics of China's population: large population base and rapid population growth.

● Characteristics of population distribution in China: The population distribution (uneven) is bounded by Heihe River in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan, and the population density in the (eastern) area is high, while in the (western) area.

The population density in this area is very small. The western part of China is sparsely populated, but rich in resources. What problems should be paid attention to in the development of the western region? The western region has resource advantages, but the natural environment is relatively fragile. At present, the contradiction between man, land, water and soil is quite acute, and the development of the western region must be based on environmental protection, and it is not possible to develop first and then treat it. )

● Population policy: family planning.

● Content: Control the population and improve the quality of the population.

3. Nationalities in China

There are (56) ethnic groups in China, among which the Han nationality has the largest population and the Zhuang nationality has the largest population.

● Distribution characteristics of Han nationality: Han nationality is distributed all over the country, most concentrated in (central) and (eastern).

● Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities: mainly concentrated in (northeast), (northwest) and (southwest). Zhuang nationality is the most populous nation. Characteristics of ethnic distribution: (large mixed residence, small settlement).

● National customs:

Nadam Congress (Mongolian)

Dai water-splashing festival, peacock dance,

Keywords Tibetan group dance, Tibetan calendar year,

The long-term encouragement of the (North Korea) nation, etc.

4. The terrain of China

● Topographic features of China: (complex and diverse topography, vast mountains)

● What problems should be paid attention to in the development and protection of mountainous areas:

(1) The mountainous area is rugged, with inconvenient (transportation) and difficult (infrastructure) construction.

(2) When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to (ecological environment construction) to prevent and avoid mountain disasters (such as collapse, landslide and debris flow).

● Topographic features of China: (The topography of China is high in the west and low in the east, with a stepped distribution).

Stairs, altitude, main terrain types and boundaries of main terrain areas

The first step, the first step, the second step, Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain; The second and third steps are Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qaidam Basin over 4000m.

The second step is 1000-2000m Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin.

The hills, mountains, plains and basins below the third step 500 meters are alternately distributed in the southeast hills, northeast plains, North China plains and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

● The influence of the stepped distribution of China's topography on the climate, rivers and traffic in China;

(1) Impact on climate: China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, which is conducive to the humid air flow at sea to advance inland and bring abundant precipitation to vast areas of China.

(2) Impact on rivers: the topography of high in the west and low in the east will inevitably cause rivers in China to flow into the sea from west to east; When the river flows from a higher step to a lower step, the drop is large, resulting in huge water energy.

(3) Impact on traffic: The big river flowing eastward connects the traffic between the east and the west of China, which facilitates the connection between coastal areas and inland areas; The mountain range at the junction of stairs has become a huge obstacle to the east-west traffic in China.

Topographic areas on both sides of the mountain range

West side east side

① Northeast Plain of Inner Mongolia Plateau in Daxinganling

② Taihang Mountain Loess Plateau North China Plain

③ Wushan Sichuan Basin Yangtze River Plain

④ Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan Basin or Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

Topographic areas on both sides of the mountain range

North and South

⑤ The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Kunlun Mountain Tarim Basin

⑥ Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Tianshan Mountain

● Mountains form the terrain skeleton.

● Four stationary periods

(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) The plateau with the highest altitude and the largest area in China.

(Inner Mongolia Plateau) The ground is open and endless.

Loess is widely distributed, and there are thousands of valleys on the surface.

The surface of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rugged and the karst landform is remarkable.

● Four great basin

The largest basin is Tarim basin.

The basin with the highest altitude is (Qaidam) basin.

The basin with the highest latitude is Junggar basin.

The basin with the best conditions for developing agricultural production is the (Sichuan) basin.

● Main mountain range trend: east-west trend: Tianshan-Yinshan.

Kunlun Mountain-Qinling Mountains

Nanling mountains

Northeast-southwest trend: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain

Changbai Mountain Range-Wuyishan Mountain Range

Mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province.

North-South trend: Hengduan Mountains.

Northwest-Southeast Strike: Qilian Mountain Range

Arc mountain range: Himalayas

5. Climate in China

According to the active accumulated temperature, China can be divided into five temperature zones from north to south.

Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone; In addition, there is a plateau climate zone with higher terrain.

(1) tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, middle temperate and cold temperate plateau climate zones

(2)0

(3) Warm temperate zone

(4) Qiongtai, Guangdong, Guiyun or Yunnan

(5) 13

(6)② Subtropical ③ Warm temperate zone

According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can be divided into

It is divided into four areas: dry and wet (wet), (semi-wet), (semi-arid) and (arid).

Dry and wet areas, humid areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas and arid areas.

Vegetation forest grassland, grassland and desert.

Agricultural type planting (paddy field agriculture) planting (dry land agriculture) animal husbandry

● The dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area: (Daxinganling), (Yinshan), (Helan), (Bayankala) and (Gangdise).

Name the reasons for the differences in the following geographical phenomena:

The special landscape of "Land of Fish and Rice" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China benefits from the climate.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are roughly at the same latitude, but the reason for the huge climate difference is the terrain (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is at a high altitude).

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Arabian Peninsula are roughly at the same latitude, and the reason for the great climate difference is the influence of (land and sea location) and (summer monsoon)

) The latitudes of Beijing and Urumqi are roughly the same, but the precipitation is quite different. (Land and sea location, summer monsoon)

Planting different fruit trees in different temperature areas; Different temperature zones have different internal cooking systems; The architectural structure of traditional folk houses in north and south is also different. The reason is (latitude factor)

The vegetation in the east and west is different; The types of agriculture in the east and west are different, with farming in the east and animal husbandry in the west; The roof structure of east and west houses is different, with many pheasant roofs in the southeast and many flat roofs in the northwest. (Different precipitation)

China is extremely rich in crops and various animal and plant resources. (The climate is complex and diverse)

② Different natural resources and tourism resources (with complex and diverse climate) are formed.

People's eating habits are also different, such as: Sichuan, Hunan and other places are cold and humid in winter, and they like to eat Chili; Southerners love rice, while northerners love pasta. (The climate is complex and diverse)

People's clothes are also colorful because they have adapted to the climate (the climate is complex and diverse)

For example, Tibetan robes in Tibet are designed to adapt to the climatic characteristics of Tibet with large daily difference (topography); ⑤ Architectural features vary from place to place. The slope of the roof in the north is small, the wall is thick, and the slope of the roof in the south is large (temperature and precipitation); 6. That's right. ……

( 1)①7; ②7、8; ③4、5、6、7、8; ④4、5、6、7、8、9

(2) More in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring

(3) Guangzhou and Harbin; The rain belt in China is advancing from south to north.

(4) Because the rainy season in southern China starts early and ends late, the rainy season is long; The rainy season in northern China started late, ended early and lasted for a short time.

● Disastrous weather (cold wave), (typhoon) and (flood and drought disaster) caused by monsoon climate.

● Main features of climate in China.

(1) Read the climate characteristics of our country from the picture: the climate characteristics (complex and diverse climate) and (monsoon) climate are remarkable.

(2) Sanming has a subtropical monsoon climate.

List and compare the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

Yangtze river and yellow river project

Mount Tanggula, the birthplace of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Bayankala, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Source Tuotuo River Yuegu Zonglie Canal

It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other provinces.

It flows through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau and North China Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The main tributaries are Jialing River, Hanjiang River, Ganjiang River, Taohe River, Huangshui River and Weihe River.

The basin is located between Qinling and Nanling, and between Yinshan and Qinling.

Develop hydropower (upstream) and shipping hydropower (upstream)

Harnessing and building shelter forests in the middle and upper reaches (omitted, see the table below)

● Causes of disasters in various sections of the Yellow River and basic control schemes.

The upper, middle and lower reaches of the river.

The main disasters are grassland degradation, desertification and serious soil erosion.

The cause of the disaster is that the climate tends to be dry. The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau with many tributaries. The loess plateau has loose soil layer and serious vegetation destruction. In heavy rain, a lot of sediment flows into the Yellow River with the rain.

When the Yellow River enters the lower reaches of the plain, the channel widens and the slope slows down. The river's velocity slows down, and the sediment it carries is deposited, which makes the river bed gradually rise.

Managing planting trees and grass to carry out comprehensive management of soil and water conservation. Reinforce the Yellow River levee

8. Characteristics of China's natural resources: (rich in total resources), (but insufficient per capita). )

Types of land resources Main topographic types in dry and wet areas in monsoon or non-monsoon areas

Farmland monsoon region in humid and semi-humid areas of plains, low mountains and hills and eastern basin

Mountain area in humid forest area

Semi-arid plateau in grassland non-monsoon area

Basins and plateaus with unused land in semi-arid areas of western China.

● The basic national policy of land in China is to "cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land."

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China and its influence on social and economic development

At present, the freshwater resources used by human beings are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater.

● Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China: time: more in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring; Space: There is no southerly wind in the north.

● Solve the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in time and space: The construction of reservoirs can effectively control the seasonal variation of runoff and water quantity. For example, the Three Gorges and Xiaolangdi water control projects.

● One of the effective ways to solve the uneven distribution of water resources in different regions: inter-basin water transfer. For example, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Luanhe River Diversion Project and the Yellow River Diversion Project.

● One of the main ways to solve the water shortage problem in China is to save water and protect water resources.

9. Traffic in China

● The overall distribution pattern of China's traffic network: dense in the east and sparse in the west.

● Main railway lines in China.

① Lanxin Line ② Qinghai-Tibet Line (unfinished) ③ Baolan Line ④ Beijing-Kowloon Line.

⑤ Baocheng Line ⑤ Chengkun Line

East-west direction: Beijing-Baotou-Baolan line (Baotou-Lanzhou);

Longhai (Lianyungang-Lanzhou)-Lanxin Line (Lanzhou-Urumqi);

Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi (Hangzhou-Zhuzhou)-Xiang Qian (Zhuzhou-Guiyang)-Guikun (Guiyang-Kunming) Line

North-South direction: Jingha Line (Beijing-Harbin); Beijing-Shanghai line (Beijing-Shanghai);

Beijing-Guangzhou line (Beijing-Guangzhou); Beijing-Kowloon Line (Beijing-Kowloon)

Liujiao Line (Jiaozuo-Liuzhou);

Baocheng Line (Baoji-Chengdu)-Chengkun Line (Chengdu-Kunming)

Major transportation hubs and railway trunk lines in China;

Beijing: (Jingha Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line) and (Beijing-Kowloon Line).

Xuzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line).

Zhengzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line).

Lanzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line) (Baolan Line).

● Reasonable choice of transportation mode according to needs (omitted)

9. Agriculture in China

● Regional distribution of agriculture:

Differences between East and West:

400 mm isohyet in the west and east.

Planting, animal husbandry, forestry and fishery

Plains, valleys and oases with irrigation water sources; Semi-humid and humid plains in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and eastern Tibet; Natural forest areas in the northeast and southwest; And artificial forest areas in the southeast.

North-South differences in planting in the eastern coastal areas and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;

Crops of cultivated land types in this area are ripe (several times a year), and the main crops are ripe.

Grain crops, oil crops, sugar crops

Wheat, peanut and beet are harvested once a year, thrice a year and twice a year in the dryland north of Qinling-Huaihe River.

In the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, rice, rape and sugarcane are harvested twice a year and three times a year in paddy fields.

● Three major cotton areas:

● Illustrate the necessity of developing agriculture according to local conditions with examples: (P 102 Figure 4. 16 Fill in the Atlas P32 V)

Making use of local (natural) advantages to arrange agricultural production departments or crops to be developed in areas that are most conducive to their own development and growth is one of the important contents of "adapting to local conditions".

Agricultural production is also restricted by local (socio-economic conditions), which is also a factor that needs to be fully considered in developing agriculture.

10, China industry

● Industrial distribution characteristics: (coastal), (along the river) and (along the traffic)

● Spatial distribution of industry:

(1) Industrial bases along national railways such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin and Beijing-Shanghai.

(2) Industrial belt in the Yellow River Basin.

(3) The economically developed areas along the Yangtze River centered on (Shanghai), (Nanjing), (Wuhan) and (Chongqing).

(4) Coastal areas (Yangtze River Delta), (south-central Liaoning), (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan) and (Pearl River Delta) are the most developed economic core areas.

● Develop high-tech industries;

(1) Features: A large proportion of scientific and technical personnel are employed; The cost of development and research is high; Product update is fast.

(2) Distribution characteristics: it is mostly attached to big cities and has the characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration.

(3) development focus: focus on developing high-tech industries in coastal areas (science park type); Border areas are dominated by (trade-oriented) industries; Inland areas focus on industries closely related to (national defense, military).

● High-tech industrial development zones are attached to big cities, and their distribution characteristics are (large dispersion) and (small concentration).

● Give examples to illustrate the impact of high-tech industries on production and life;

Shanghai: Optimization and adjustment of industrial structure. (changes in Shanghai's industry)

Beijing: The rapid growth rate has promoted and promoted the economic development. Zhongguancun's Contribution to Beijing's Economic Development

Internet: Internet technology has changed people's way of life and production. (Online shopping, SOHO clan, online community, etc. )

Hehe, according to my answer.

Give points.