Analysis:

F 1, called Formula One Championship in Chinese, is the abbreviation of Formula GRAND Prix in English. At present, the full name of this competition is FIA FormulaWorld Championship. The so-called FIA is the organizer of F 1-the International Motor Sports Federation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with Mr. Max Mosey as its chairman. FIA is closely related to the management company FOM(Formula OneManagement) of F 1 owned by Bernie Eccelestone. FOM, headquartered in London, England, is responsible for the commercial and advertising business of F 1 in various races around the world.

The Formula One Championship started from 65438 to 0950 at the FIA World Championship organized by the International Automobile Sports Federation. Why is it called Formula Racing? Formula actually means "rules and restrictions", because F 1 race is to make cars and compete under the norms and rules formulated by FIA. All participating teams must abide by this set of rules as precise as equations. In addition to F 1, there are other formula competitions of different levels, such as F3, F3000, Ford Formula, Renault Formula and so on. They all belong to formula racing, but the specifications are different. F 1 is the highest in the formula specifications formulated by the FIA. Therefore, it is named 1

[Anatomy] F 1 driver

The driver of F 1 is the strongest athlete, because the driving style of F 1 racing car and the powerful centrifugal force that drivers have to experience are very different from driving ordinary vehicles. Racing drivers should not only have better physical conditions than ordinary people, but also have a calm, calm and analytical mind.

Observing the drivers of F 1, we can find that they all have thin necks, which look almost as wide as their heads. This is because when driving F 1 racing car, the head wearing a helmet is exposed outside the reinforced cabin, and it must bear 5 g of lateral centrifugal force when turning, and the forward deceleration force is also more than 5 g when braking. Under such a high centrifugal force, the weight of the head and helmet will be five times that of the original, about 25 kilograms, so a particularly strong neck is needed to resist centrifugal force.

Secondly, their arms and wrists are extremely muscular. Generally speaking, it takes about 30 kilograms to operate the steering wheel of F 1, but it takes more power to turn the steering wheel at high speed, and it takes more powerful arms to keep the car on the route that the driver wants to drive when turning. Strong arms and wrists are necessary in the 300-kilometer race.

Racing is a sitting upper-body sport, and most drivers in F 1 will consume oxygen in the upper body during the race. Therefore, some people jokingly compare the F 1 driver to a marathon runner in a wheelchair, because the oxygen consumption of the F 1 driver during the competition is equivalent to that of a marathon runner.

In addition, when turning, the strong lateral centrifugal force will make the blood in the body flow to one side, but at this time the driver still needs to keep calm thinking and judgment. The racing driver's heartbeat will be as high as 190 beats per minute at the start of the car and around 160 beats during the race, so the driver's cardiopulmonary function must be extremely strong.

The heat resistance of the car body is also very important for F 1 drive. In cool European events, the temperature of the reinforced cabin can be as high as 50-60 degrees Celsius, even exceeding 80 degrees Celsius in the high temperature Sepang circuit in Malaysia. Although drivers can constantly replenish water, after nearly two hours of competition, the total amount of body fat and dehydration consumed will exceed 4 kg. If it is an ordinary person, it will cause shock under such a large amount of dehydration, but the driver of F 1 can still talk and laugh after getting off the bus.

Season and timetable

The first race of F 1 was held at 1950, and the venue was Silverstone Circuit, which was converted from the abandoned British airport after the war. It has been held for 53 years until the last season, and 2003 is the 54th season of F 1. The scale of F 1 has grown from only 7 games per year to 17 games per year at present, and the competition venues cover five continents 15 countries. The annual season starts in March and ends at 10. About two-thirds of the annual 16 competitions were held in Europe.

In order to cooperate with the live TV broadcast all over the world, the schedule of F 1 is limited to about 300 kilometers (Monte Carlo is a special case) or 2 hours, whichever comes first, and the game is over. The longest and shortest races are 365,438+00.352 km in Japan and 262.626 km in Monaco respectively.

The schedule of F 1 is divided into three days, including: free practice from 1 1 to 12 on Friday morning (excluding results), and the first time trial from 2 pm to 3 pm (the results are the basis for the starting order of official qualifying on Saturday); On Saturday morning from 9: 00 to 9: 45,10-15-11am is free to practice (excluding grades); Qualifying from 2 pm to 3 pm on Saturday; Grand Prix at 2 pm on Sunday.

Of course, the official game on Sunday is the most important part. Before the game, there were many activities on the scene, such as the opening ceremony, drivers' detour and some supporting activities, but that part was invisible to the audience in front of the TV.

At two o'clock in the afternoon, the game officially began. The distance of the race is about 300 kilometers, almost one and a half hours. If there is any situation, it must be delayed for no more than two hours. During the competition, players must enter the pit to change tires and refuel according to the state of tire wear and fuel consumption, which is called pit stop. The F 1 racing car adopts a specially designed refueling system with a refueling speed of 12 liters per second. The fuel filler pipe needs three people to support it to withstand the force generated during refueling. On average, about twice a game, each time about 60 liters of fuel. It usually takes 6- 12 seconds to refuel and change a tire.

At the end of each race, the top eight drivers can get points of 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 respectively. After one year 16 races, the driver with the most points can be awarded the title of champion driver of the year. The best driver in 2002 was michael schumacher. The team points of F 1 are the sum of the points obtained by two cars of the team in a whole season. The team with the most points can win the annual team championship. In 2002, the annual champion team was Ferrari.

Refueling and changing tires: the most important teamwork

The most critical teamwork in F 1 competition is the pit stop efficiency. Spending a second in the pit may have a key impact on the outcome of the game. Wrong parking will not only delay time, but also cause a fire. During the race, the skilled movements of the staff all come from the usual practice, and the team usually uses Thursday afternoon and Sunday morning to practice entering the station. Entering the station is a dangerous job, so every worker must wear a fire suit and a helmet to reduce the risk. These workers all hold other positions in the team, such as technicians, truck drivers, spare parts managers, etc. And refueling and tire changing are a small part of their work.

Every stop requires 22 workers to participate. From their division of labor, we can see the precision of their cooperation:

12 technicians are responsible for changing tires (three in each round, one is responsible for removing lock screws with a pneumatic wrench, one is responsible for removing old tires and the other is responsible for installing new tires);

One is responsible for operating the front jack;

One is responsible for operating the rear jack;

A special jack is responsible for operating when the front nose wing of the racing car is damaged and must be replaced;

Responsible for checking the high-pressure bottle required by the pneumatic recovery device of the engine valve, and supplementing high-pressure air if necessary;

One is responsible for holding the refueling gun, usually held by the strongest technician in the team;

One helps with the tubing;

One is in charge of the tanker;

One is responsible for holding a fire extinguisher on standby;

A man named "Mr. Lollipop" is responsible for holding the indicator board that says "Brake" and "Gear". When the sign is raised, it means that the car can get out of the pit. And he is the only one of these 22 people who is equipped with a wireless phone to talk to the driver;

One is responsible for cleaning the driver's helmet.