HSBC Group was formed by the expansion of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation for many years. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation opened in Hong Kong in March, 1865. In the same year, it opened branches in Shanghai and London, and set up a correspondent bank in San Francisco. Its establishment was triggered by the division of power of Hong Kong foreign firm.
1In July, 864, British businessmen in Mumbai planned to set up Royal Bank of China in Hong Kong to issue 30,000 shares at 200 Indian Rupee each, but only planned to distribute 5,000 shares to businessmen in Hong Kong and China, which caused dissatisfaction among foreign companies in Hong Kong. On July 28th of the same year, Thomas Sutherland and Baoshun Foreign Company, supervisors of Railway Shipping Company, took the lead in announcing the establishment of a Hong Kong-funded bank in the press.
When HSBC was founded, its capital was * * * 5 million Hong Kong dollars, and * * * 20,000 shares, each of which was 250 Hong Kong dollars. 1866, each share was split into 40,000 shares by 1, and each share was 125 yuan. 1864 * * The temporary committee is composed of 15 people. The chairman is Cholmeley, the representative of Baoshun Foreign Firm, and the members are Xiudalan of Railway Shipping Company, Hurd of Qiongji Foreign Firm, Maclean of Qiaoji Foreign Firm, Douglas Lapolek, a Hong Kong billionaire, Chide of Zen Foreign Firm, and Lyman of Pacific Route. These people include British, Americans, Germans, Danes, Jews and Indian Parsis, but in the following years, shareholders withdrew and HSBC was controlled by the British.
On March 2nd 1865, the temporary committee was reorganized into the board of directors and officially opened on March 3rd. Its headquarters is located in Victoria Building held by Sassoon Foreign Company at Queen's Road Central 1. In June, 5438+0866, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Ordinance was approved by the Hong Kong government and the British Ministry of Finance. HSBC was registered as a limited liability company and authorized to issue Hong Kong banknotes.
In the early days, HSBC Group expanded its business around the world by opening branches of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Until World War II, HSBC's business was concentrated in Hong Kong, while the branches in mainland China were closed one after another from 1949, and its overseas business was not satisfactory. Due to the limited development space,/kloc-0 began to set up or acquire subsidiaries in the 1950s.
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation operates as a group.
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation led by michael turner began to operate as a group in 1953. First, HSBC Bank of California, the first subsidiary of the Group, was established in California from 65438 to 0955. 1959, HSBC acquired the beneficiary banks in the Middle East and the Bank of England, which was the first acquisition by HSBC Group. 1965, HSBC acquired the controlling stake in Hang Seng Bank. 1972, HSBC established Win Dolly Limited (predecessor of HSBC Investment Bank Holdings Limited). 1980, HSBC became a shareholder in Wachovia, and 1987 became a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC. 198 1 year, HSBC acquired the controlling stake in Equator Holdings Limited; In the same year, HSBC failed to acquire Royal Bank of Scotland, but its interest in acquiring large British banks continued unabated. 1987, HSBC became a shareholder in Midland Bank, and through the cooperation agreement, HSBC and Midland transferred their business to each other. 1990 12 17 The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation announced its reorganization, including:
1. Set up a group holding company named HSBC Holdings Limited, and upgrade the London branch of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation to the registered office of HSBC Holdings.
2. The shares of HSBC were transferred to the name of HSBC Holdings, and HSBC Holdings issued new shares, replacing 4 shares of HSBC with 65,438+0 shares of HSBC Holdings, and reducing the original issued shares to 3/4 for overseas listing in the future.
3. After the replacement of HSBC shares, HSBC Holdings shares were listed on the Hong Kong and London Stock Exchanges respectively.
4. HSBC Holdings is registered in the UK, but Hong Kong is the group headquarters.
5. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings. In order to develop its business in Hong Kong, its registration in Hong Kong remains unchanged.
At that time, the HSBC Group moved to Britain and established HSBC Holdings. However, the strategy of keeping the general management office in Hong Kong was based on the uncertain political factors of the transfer of sovereignty in Hong Kong. Through this strategy, HSBC can not only avoid the risks that may be brought about by the transfer of sovereignty in Hong Kong, but also make all the collection and capital appreciation of HSBC not affected by the British tax system and tax rate, which is conducive to HSBC's continuous and lucrative profits.
1In July, 1992, HSBC Holdings acquired the remaining shares of Midland Bank, formally acquired its business and expanded its European market. However, under the regulations of the British regulatory authorities, the comprehensive management office of HSBC Group was moved from Hong Kong to London on June 1993. The main regulator of HSBC Holdings Limited is the Bank of England, but its subsidiaries continue to be supervised by the relevant authorities in the place where they operate. The headquarters of HSBC Group in London will only provide major central functions, such as strategic planning, human resource management, legal and corporate secretarial services, financial planning and monitoring. 1998, HSBC announced the construction of a new headquarters building in London to accommodate various departments of the HSBC Group's integrated management office, which were originally scattered in different parts of London's financial district. The building was opened in 2002 and officially opened to the public in April 2003. It is also the headquarters of HSBC. 1998165438+10. In October, HSBC Group announced a unified brand, and subsidiaries in almost all business areas adopted the HSBC brand and hexagonal logo, while individual offices of HSBC outside the Asia-Pacific region were also included in the local subsidiary network that adopted the HSBC brand (for example, some branches of HSBC in the UK were included in the network of HSBC in the UK). Unifying the group brand can deepen the understanding of customers, shareholders and employees around the world about the group and its beliefs, and also help HSBC launch new products and services around the world with the same group image. HSBC Holdings was also listed on the new york Stock Exchange on 1999. The shares were split into three shares, and the par value of the shares was changed from pounds to dollars. In 2000, due to the acquisition of Commercial Bank of France, it replaced the listing position of Commercial Bank of France on the Paris Stock Exchange. Since 2002, HSBC has taken "local banks in the world" as the slogan of the group, emphasizing that the group has rich experience in many markets and a thorough understanding of cultural characteristics around the world. In 2004, the acquisition of Bermuda Bank replaced the listing status of Bermuda Bank on Bermuda Stock Exchange.
According to the usual practice, HSBC Holdings will review the location of the Group's integrated management office every three years. However, on June 5438+ 10, 2006, it was reported that the comprehensive management office of HSBC Group might move out of London. Some analysts said that it is not excluded to return to Hong Kong after the handover of Hong Kong's autonomy and the situation is stable, because the tax rate in the UK is much higher than that in Hong Kong, and the scope of taxation and taxes are much wider than that in Hong Kong, which makes HSBC Holdings have to bear high taxes. HSBC Holdings pays up to 400 million pounds to the British government every year. In addition to Hong Kong, some British newspapers pointed out that the general management office of HSBC Group might be moved to Ireland, but an HSBC spokesman immediately denied it. Ji Qin, CEO of HSBC Holdings, said that the UK enjoys a superior geographical position and can quickly contact business networks around the world, and is quite satisfied with the Group's current comprehensive management office.
On May 17, 2000, HSBC Holdings acquired 72.02% equity of Bangkok Metropolitan Bank for 366.1900 million baht (about 940 million US dollars).
On June 65438+1October1day, 2003, HSBC Brazil spent 80150,000 US dollars (about HK$ 6.357 billion) to acquire Losango, a Brazilian consumer financing business of Lloyds Bank.
From June 5438 to February 2005, HSBC completed the acquisition of Metriscompaniesinc. 1600 million USD ("metric"). HSBC has become the fifth largest card issuer of MasterCard and VisaR 1 in the United States. "
In February 2007, HSBC Holdings issued its first profit warning. Chairman Green said that the reason was that his HSBC financing made a mistake in strategy. Green pointed out that HSBC financing to develop mortgage business is not a core business, but HSBC Holdings has no intention of selling HSBC financing. This is the first time that HSBC Group has issued a profit warning since its establishment 140 years ago.
On March 5th, 2007, CanaraBank, HSBC Insurance Group (Asia Pacific) and OrientBankofCommerce (OBC) jointly established a life insurance company in India. According to the proposed agreement, Bank of Canala will hold 565,438+0% equity of the new company, while HSBC and OBC will hold 26% and 23% equity respectively. The legal capital of the new company is 3.25 billion Indian Rupee (about 73 million US dollars).
On October 26th, 2007/kloc-0, HSBC Holdings announced the reorganization of Cullinan Financial Limited and AsscherFinanceLimited, two structured investment vehicles (SIV) under the Group. It is estimated that before August 2008, it will provide up to about $35 billion in liquidity and conventional financing, and the mortgage securities and other assets held by the two SIVs totaling $45 billion will be included in their balance sheets.
On June 17, 2008, HSBC sold its 5 1% stake in the UK credit card acquiring business to GlobalPayments, one of the largest transaction processors in the world, for US$ 439 million, and established a joint venture company named "HSBCMerchantServices", headquartered in Leicester, England, in which HSBC holds 49% shares.
On September 9, 2008, HSBC sold18.68 million pesos (about1450,000 US dollars) to Mexican consumer credit agency FinancieraIndependencia.
On June 5438+1October 265438+1October 2008, HSBC Holdings announced that it had acquired 88.89% equity of PTbank Ekonomiraharjatbk (referred to as "Ekonomi Bank"), one of Indonesia's largest industrial and commercial banks, with internal cash of 607.5 million US dollars. After the transaction is completed, HSBC will have 190 outlets in 24 cities in Indonesia.
On March 2, 2009, HSBC Holdings ended its consumer loan business under HFC and Beneficial brands, and will concentrate on reducing its mortgage loan and unsecured real estate portfolio, involving outstanding debts of US$ 46 billion and US$ 6,543,806 billion respectively. At the same time, it will continue to reduce auto financing and other unsecured personal loans, totaling * * */kloc-0.004 billion US dollars, leaving a credit card-related consumer loan business portfolio of 46.6 billion US dollars. After fulfilling their promises to customers, most branches will also close and lay off 665,438+000 people, saving 700 million dollars every year.
On March 2, 2009, HSBC Holdings will issue 50,602,390.65 billion new ordinary shares at a price of 254 pence per share, and raise a net capital of 65.438+02.5 billion pounds (US$ 65.438+07 billion, US$ 654.38+038+038). Net profit fell by 70% year-on-year to $5.728 billion, the lowest since 2002, with an unprecedented decline. Earnings per share fell to 47 cents, and the dividend in the fourth quarter was only 65,438+00 cents. Pre-tax profit also decreased by 665,438+0.6% to $9.307 billion.
On March 9, 2009, before the end of the bidding period, the holding price of Hui Hui was still 37.5 yuan, down 14% from the previous trading day. Just ten seconds before the close, the share price dropped by more than 10% from the price of 37.3 yuan, which completely depressed the closing price of 33 yuan/share in 4.3 yuan, and the one-day drop expanded to 24%. Huo Jiaji, chief executive of HSBC Asia Pacific, revealed the following day that the stock price change was believed to be the low share price of market makers or hedge funds.
On September 25th, 2009, HSBC announced that the office of the Group President would be moved from London to Hong Kong on February 6th, 20 10, to strengthen the development of the Asia-Pacific market.
On June 5, 2009, HSBC sold its headquarters at No.452 Fifth Avenue in New York to KoorIndustries and PropertyandBuilding, two subsidiaries of Israel's IDB Group, for $330 million in cash. After the property is sold, HSBC will lease the above-mentioned property unit for a lease term of 65,438+00 years. In the first year, IDB will earn USD 45 million (about HK$ 350 million) in rental income, and its operating expenses in the same period will be USD * * *18.5 million. The buyer is a real estate company owned by IDBHolding, a large Israeli group. 10/On October 4th, it announced that it had reached an agreement with HSBC to purchase HSBC's building portfolio located in downtown new york, USA, including the 29-story HSBC Building at No.452 Fifth Avenue and the building at No.39th Street West 11,* *.
10 On June 23, 2009, its subsidiary HSBC Insurance increased its stake in the Vietnamese insurance company BaoViet(BV) from 10% to 18%, involving10.53 million US dollars (about 82 10/00000 Hong Kong dollars).
On October 28th, 2009, HSBC Holdings and Bank of Communications transferred the existing credit card cooperation business in China to a new joint venture company. HSBC Holdings and Bank of Communications intend to set up a new joint venture company named Bank of Communications HSBC Pacific Credit Card Co., Ltd. (Bank of Communications & HsbcPacific Credit Card Co., Ltd.), with an estimated initial registered capital of 2.5 billion yuan (about 368 million US dollars). Bank of Communications will inject RMB 2 billion into the joint venture company, holding 80% of the shares. HSBC Holdings will contribute RMB165438+58 million, holding 20% of the shares. The capital contribution has included the corresponding share capital premium of RMB 658 million.
In June 2009 1 65438+1October 1 1, HSBC sold its auto financing loan management department and its loan balance1billion dollars to Santander, Spain, for 904 million dollars (about 7.05 billion Hong Kong dollars).
On June 4th, 2009165438+1October 65438, HSBC Holdings sold its London headquarters to 772.5 million pounds (1300 million US dollars, 864.4 million euros,1kloc-0/000 million Hong Kong dollars). Headquartered in Canary Wharf on the Thames in London, HSBC is the second tallest building in Britain with 44 stories high. After the transaction is completed, HSBC will rent back the headquarters building from the new owner for 17.5 years at the price of 46 million pounds per year.
On June 5438+February 65438+February 08, 2009, HSBC Holdings sold HSBC Insurance Brokerage Company, the ninth largest insurance broker in the UK, to Marsh, an insurance broker and risk management company, at a price of * * 65438+35 million pounds (about16.94 million Hong Kong dollars) in shares and cash.
On June 5438+February 2, 2009, HSBC Holdings sold its French headquarters for 400 million euros (about 445 1 billion Hong Kong dollars), including two buildings located at the Champs Elysé es 103 and Ruevernet 15 in Paris, which will total * * 3. HSBC has sold its headquarters properties in London, new york and France, and cashed in about HK$ 654.38+067 billion.
On February 25th, 2009, 65,438, HSBC Holdings injected 6.29 billion Mexican pesos, equivalent to 487.5 million US dollars (about 3.8 billion Hong Kong dollars) into its subsidiary Grupo Finance Bank of Mexico.
20 10 On February 20th, HSBC sold 20% of its common stock and 100% of its preferred stock to Wells Fargo at the price of $65,438+$0.71100 million, after which HSBC will expand its business in this area by itself. Wells Fargo HSBC Trade Bank is a joint venture company established by HSBC and Wells Fargo in 1995, which mainly provides trade financing services for medium-sized enterprises in 18 states in the United States.
20 10 On March 24th, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation signed a lease with Swire Properties for a 766,000-square-foot commercial real estate project in taikoo hui, Guangzhou, accounting for about 43% of the total office space of the project. The project also includes shops. Will be put into use on 20 12.
20 10 On June 7th, the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, reached an agreement with Royal Bank of Scotland to acquire the retail banking assets of Royal Bank of Scotland in Kazakhstan for US$ 52 million (about HK$ 400 million), including personal customer loans and credit card portfolio, 4 branches, 80 ATMs and 2 support offices. HSBC will continue to employ 490 existing employees.
On July 2, 20 10, HSBC Holdings acquired the retail and commercial banking business of Royal Bank of Scotland in India through its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. RBS's retail and commercial banking business in India * * * has 365,438+0 branches and 65,438+065,438+million customer relationships, and the total number of employees exceeds 65,438+0,800. By the end of March 20 10, the total value of related portfolio assets of Royal Bank of Scotland was1800 million USD.
The global foreign currency cash supply business will be closed on 20 10 10 19. HSBC is currently the largest foreign currency cash supplier in the world, with a market share of over 60%.
20 10 On August 27th, Santander Bank, an American auto loan portfolio with a face value of $4.3 billion, was sold for $342 million.
By the end of June 20 10, the total amount of auto loan portfolio was 4.3 billion dollars.
On September 8th, 20 10, President StephenGreen will step down as the British Minister of Trade and Investment before the end of the year.
201010 June 5438+05 HSBC Holdings gave up its $8 billion acquisition of Nedbank, the fourth largest bank in South Africa.
201010/on October 20th, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation won the land No.433 at the junction of Anyao Street, Anqun Street and Anli Street in Shimen, Sha Tin, with a term of 50 years. The land covers an area of about 8,533 square meters and is designated for non-residential use (excluding hotels, gas stations and homes for the elderly). The minimum and maximum building areas are 25,599 square meters and 42,665 square meters respectively.
2010165438+1On October 4th, HSBC Holdings agreed to sell its train rental business, EversholtRailGroup, to an investment fund consortium at a transaction price of 2 1 billion pounds (US$ 3.4 billion). The consortium consists of 3i Infrastructure, Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Investment Fund and StarCapital. HSBC Holdings acquired this business in 1997 for 727 million pounds (HK$ 96,543.8+600 million).
20 1 0 65438+February1HSBC Private Equity (Asia) Co., Ltd., which has completed the management buyout, will be renamed as HeadlandCapitalPartnersLtd The management holds 80. 1% of the shares of the company, and HSBC Holdings retains 19.9% of the shares. The investment includes 20.56% of Yonghui Supermarket.
2011April 12, HSBC Mexico, a subsidiary of HSBC Holdings, paid 2.36 billion Mexican pesos (about15.4 billion Hong Kong dollars, 198 million US dollars). Sell all the shares of retirement fund management business HSBCAfore, SAdeCV to Principal Financial Group.
On 20th11May17th, HSBC Holdings will become the preferred strategic partner of Aviva Group in the UK and Europe. HSBC Holdings and Aviva Group signed a five-year exclusive general insurance distribution agreement in 2007. The term of this agreement is now extended to 20 16.
2011On June 26th, the wholesale and investment banking business of HSBC Holdings in Saudi Arabia will be merged with SABBSecuritiesLtd, which is a wholly-owned securities and custody business department of the Bank of Saudi Arabia. The merged company will be named HSBCSaudiArabiaLtd HSBC Holdings and Bank of Saudi Arabia will hold 49% and 565,438+0% shares respectively. However, HSBC Holdings said that all the management rights of the combined joint venture company will be in the hands of HSBC Holdings.
2011July 19, Shandong Rongcheng HSBC Rural Bank Co., Ltd. started operation on June 19, which opened a new page for foreign capital to enter the rural market in Shandong Province in eastern China.
On 20 11July 3 1 day, HSBC Holdings will sell its 195 retail bank branch in the United States to the First Niagara Financial Group Corporation (FNFG) at a price of1billion US dollars in cash. The sale of branches involved about $654.38+05 billion in customer deposits and $654.38+05 billion in total assets, including $2.8 billion in loans and $4.3 billion in assets under management.
On 20 11August1day, HSBC Holdings also plans to sell three insurance businesses in Britain, Mexico and Bermuda, and merge branches in Connecticut and New Jersey into nearby HSBC branches.
201120/0 On August 65438, HSBC Holdings agreed to sell its card and retail merchant business in the United States ("the business") to Capitalone Finance Co., Ltd. through its indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, HSBC, HSBC Technology and Services (USA) Co., Ltd. and other wholly-owned subsidiaries. The transaction price was $32.7 billion, including $2.6 billion in premium and $2.4 billion in after-tax profit. For this transaction, the first capital will be paid in cash and shares, and HSBC agrees to accept $750 million of the first capital company 1, 965438+ million shares. On June 30th, 20 1 1, the total assets of this business amounted to USD 30.4 billion, including USD 29.6 billion in customer loans. The unaudited pre-tax and after-tax profits of this business for the half year ending June 30, 20001/kloc-0 were USD 654.38 billion and USD 600 million respectively.
On 20 1 1 September1day, the 8. 1% equity of Tradelink, which is headquartered in Hong Kong, was transferred to TALApparel, one of the largest clothing suppliers in the world, with cash1million USD.
On 2011September 2 1, HSBC sold the full-service investment consulting business of HSBC Securities (Canada) to a wholly-owned subsidiary of the NationalBankofCanada for a cash consideration of 206 million Canadian dollars. At the end of August of 3 1, the total assets of related businesses were 654.38+993 million Canadian dollars, and the assets under management were142 million Canadian dollars.
20 1 1, 1, 11increased its capital to its subsidiary HSBC China by RMB 2.8 billion, totaling RMB/kloc-0.08 billion, making it the first foreign bank to complete RMB capital increase.
201165438+February 2 1 HSBC Holdings sells Japanese private banking business to Credit Suisse and Credit Suisse Securities (Japan). By the end of 10, the total assets of private banking in Japan were about $2.7 billion.
201165438+On February 28th, its subsidiary HSBC Malta will sell its local credit card business to HSBCMerchantServices, a subsidiary of GlobalPayments. At the price of about14476,000 USD (about130,000 HK dollars), six branches were closed in the first quarter of 201265438+124 October, including 29 in Costa Rica, 57 in El Salvador and 50 in Honduras. The total assets of these institutions are about US$ 4.3 billion, and the loan balance is US$ 2.5 billion, which was sold to Colombia No.3..
20121.1200 million USD, HSBC Holdings sold its retail banking and wealth management business in Thailand to Bank of Thailand. According to the data, by the end of 20112, HSBC's net assets in Thailand were 65438+.
20 12 On March 7th, HSBC Holdings sold its general insurance business in Hong Kong, Singapore, Argentina and Mexico to AXAGroup in France and QBENSurance Group Ltd \ u in Australia. The total cash value of these transactions is about 914 million USD.
AXA AXA Life acquired the general insurance business in Hong Kong, Singapore and Mexico for $494 million in cash.
QBEInsurance of Australia acquired Hang Seng Property Insurance (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hang Seng Bank, and general insurance business in Argentina for US$ 420 million in cash.
201March 4, 21326 million HK dollars. HSBC Holdings subscribed for 2.36 billion H shares of Bank of Communications at a price of HK$ 5.63 per share. After the subscription, HSBC's shareholding in the bank will not be lower than the current 19.03%.
On March 22nd, 20 12, HSBC Financial withdrew from the Canadian consumer financing market. As it failed to find a buyer, it will close its business, and it is expected that 500 local employees in 75 branches will be affected.
20 12 On March 23rd, it sold the equity of HPME 80.1%in Middle East private equity management business to HavenvestPartnersLimited, involving assets of USD 3.4 million.
20 12 on March 27th, HSBC Holdings is gradually withdrawing from Slovakia, which is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 20 12.
On March 29th, 20 12, it acquired the retail and commercial bank of Rice Bank in the United Arab Emirates to expand HSBC's business in the Middle East. By the end of last year, the net assets of this business were estimated to be about 769 million US dollars, including about 8,800 individual and corporate customers, and the loan amount was 573 million US dollars.
20 12 On April 9th, the equity of private equity company Montagu Privatequity LLP19.9% was sold to the company MLLPHoldingsLtd indirectly owned by Montagu management members. Manage more than 4.7 billion euros of assets.
On April 2012 18, its subsidiary HSBC Middle East agreed to merge its subsidiary HSBC Oman with OIB, the fifth largest bank in Oman, which is expected to be completed this quarter. Before the merger with OIB, HSBC will use internal resources to inject an additional $97.4 million into HSBC in Oman in the Middle East. The merged bank will be named HSBC Oman Bank, and HSBC Middle East will hold 5 1% of the equity of the joint venture bank.
201212 On February 5th, HSBC Holdings announced that it agreed to transfer its 5.57% stake in China Ping An/kloc-0 to Zheng Da Group, with a total transaction price of HK$ 72.736 billion, equivalent to HK$ 59 per share, and paid in cash. Zheng Da Group officially replaced HSBC to take over Ping An in China. Zhengda Group is the largest meat food sales company in Asia and one of the largest multinational companies in China in the world. Founded by China industrialists Xie Yichu and Xie Yu 192 1 in Bangkok, Thailand, it is called CP Group outside China.
HSBC Holdings ranks sixth in Forbes Global Enterprise 2000.