1. Whose tactical command is more flexible?
1September, 856, after the Tianjing Incident, Shi Dakai had doubts and suspicions. Shi's confidant adviser, Yuan Zai, advised him: "Wang Dexin is in the army, why should he be subject to others?" The Central Plains is not easy to draw, so why not go to Shu to achieve Xuande's career? "Do as you say. 1May, 857, Shi led his troops out of Beijing, to Anqing, then to Wan Li, and arrived in the hinterland of Sichuan in six years. It was the Qing army that saw through Shi Dakai's intention and laid a pocket array, which led to the annihilation of Shibu.
As an outstanding general in the Taiping Army, Shi Dakai's "Wing King" is by no means a hollow reputation, but a result of meritorious service. His operational command level is so high that even his opponent Zeng Guofan admires him very much. But on the Dadu River, Shi Dakai made three fatal mistakes:
One is to choose the wrong terrain. Zida, where Shi Dakai stationed troops along the Dadu River, belongs to the "three wonders" of land, encirclement and death. It is really puzzling that Shi Dakai, who knows the art of war, chose to settle in such a sinister Jedi.
Second, the command is rigid. Shi Dakai did not seize the iron chain bridge in time, crossed Song Lin, seized Luding in the northwest, and did not cross the river quickly without soldiers on the north bank of Dadu River. It took half a month to break through eastward. When we arrived at Lijibao, there were only more than 6,000 people left-it was too late to break through.
The third is to give up breakthrough and resistance. Shi Dakai has illusions about the enemy. He wrote a letter to Luo, the governor of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, expressing his willingness to use himself as a hostage in exchange for 6,000 lives. This heroic feeling of "giving my life for the whole army" is really touching! But giving up the last breakthrough attempt is undoubtedly a big mistake in strategy and tactics.
"The Art of War" said: "Those who love soldiers should be quick, and people should not take advantage. If you attack what you want, you will not retreat. " Mao Zedong and Liu Bocheng, who are familiar with history, learned the lessons from Shi Dakai and dealt with the enemy flexibly, quickly and efficiently. On May 2 1, 65438, 0935, the Central Red Army arrived in Mianning, and got the people's feelings and the enemy's situation in Liangshan area from the underground party. The Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to divide its forces in Lugu, with the left as the main force, and crossed the Dadu River via Mianning, Tuowu and Da Qiao. As the right wing, the Red 5 Regiment, under the command of Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou, crossed from the west to Dashubao, pretending to be a big army to feint, so as to attract the attention of the heavily armed Kuomintang in Fulin on the other side of the river. This is a strategy of avoiding the real and avoiding the virtual, and it is also a "double insurance" arrangement.
On May 26th, the main force of the Red Army arrived in Anshun Field under the leadership of Xiao. In Anshunchang, the CMC decided to divide the troops into two ways again: the Red First Division and the cadre regiment were right columns, under the command of Liu Bocheng and Nie, crossing the river here and heading north along the east bank of the river; The main force of the Central Red Army is the left column, advancing along the west bank of the Dadu River. The troops on both sides of the strait cooperated with each other, climbed the river and seized Luding Bridge, and finally joined forces in Luding. This strategy and tactics can be said to be another kind of flexible "double insurance". Mao Zedong pointed out in particular that only by seizing Luding Bridge can the Red Army avoid the fate of Shi Dakai. If the two roads can't meet and be divided, Liu and Nie will lead the troops to go it alone and create a situation in western Sichuan.
1in the spring of 936, when the Red Fourth Front Army marched into Sichuan, it also paid attention to learning from Shi Dakai's practice. It simply did not take the Dadu River, but unexpectedly took the Chuankang grassland and joined forces with the Red Fourth Army in Ganzi. Chiang Kai-shek also failed to make He Long and Xiao Ke the second Shi Dakai dream.
2. Who has really done the United front work?
In the process of advancing the Dadu River, Shi Dakai also hoped to form a temporary United front relationship with some Qing troops and Yi Jun. Especially when caught in a tight encirclement, Shi wrote to the enemy generals, expressing his willingness to buy food and roads with heavy money, but the result was rejected.
On the way to the Long March, the Red Army held high the banner of "going north to resist Japan" and carried out United front work with warlords of all walks of life, thus minimizing losses. Guangdong warlord Chen, Yunnan warlord Long Yun, Xikang warlord Liu, etc. They all reached a United front agreement or tacit understanding with the Red Army to varying degrees, and made a release-style "pursuit" with a little resistance or passive resistance. The first blockade on the way to the Long March was easily passed by the Red Army because Pan Hannian was sent to reach a secret agreement with Chen, the "king of the South". Even He Jian's Xiang Army and Li Zongren's Gui Jun, who caused great losses to the Red Army in the Xiangjiang War, had no intention of fighting with the Red Army for a larger foe. The third blockade, He Jian let the Red Army resist a little and left. The fourth blockade, Guangxi once let the Red Army cross the Xiangjiang River. It's a pity that the Red Army has too much baggage, and its actions are slow, which has delayed its fighters. When Chiang Kai-shek forced the Guangxi Department to block the Xiangjiang River again, the Red Army was sandwiched between the right-wing Xiang, the left-wing Xiang and the Central Army behind, and the losses amounted to more than 30,000 people. However, at this time, the Guangxi department still adopted the tactic of "breaking the tail and attacking the side" and had no intention of pushing the Red Army into a desperate situation. When we entered Guizhou, the Red Army left a slogan "Thank you Gui Jun for seeing us off".
1935 In May, the Central Red Army crossed the Jinsha River and entered Sichuan. After that, the large troops rested near Huichang, and the advance troops advanced to Dechang. Dechang was attached to Xichang at that time, and Liu Yuanzhang, commander of Chuankang border defense, sent Xu Jianshuang to lead a regiment and a battalion to intercept the Red Army here. 1926, Xu served as the head of the army led by Liu Bocheng. When the Red Army team drove near Dechang, Liu Bocheng sent someone to send a letter to Xu, hoping that he would put national justice first and not stop the Red Army from going north. According to official records, "Xu Jianshuang, after receiving the letter, was moved by Liu Bocheng's sense of openness. For his own vital interests, he forwarded the letter to Liu Yuanzhang of Xichang and advocated making way for the Red Army. The Red Army arrived in Xichang Town on the evening of May 15. As soon as Xu Jianshuang contacted the Red Army, he retreated and evacuated to Xichang overnight. " In fact, as the commander-in-chief of Liu's main force, Xu Jianshuang mainly obeys the command of the supreme leader Liu. Because Liu was worried about repeating the mistake of Wang Jialie, the king of Guizhou, Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to "take a chestnut from the fire" for the Central Army, so he naturally tried his best to avoid the war and protect himself.
3. Who can really realize the slogan on the national flag?
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's political program "China's farmland system" is very attractive: "There are fields to plow together, food to eat together, clothes to wear together, money to make the same, everywhere uneven, no one is not full of warmth." The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom implemented the system of "national treasury" and "sacred treasury", and the broad masses of soldiers and civilians handed over all their income to the state, leaving nothing, and officials at all levels could squander it. Feudalism is serious. Although there is a slogan of "everywhere is uneven, no one is hungry", it has not been put into action, and it is impossible for officers and men to be consistent.
After the establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, kings were enfeoffed and the hierarchy was greatly improved. It is even stipulated that if the king does not evade when driving away the lower-level soldiers, he will be beheaded if he rashly gives a big gift, and those who insult officials and elders will be beheaded. Although the soldiers in the kingdom of heaven call each other "Tianshi brothers, Tianshi brothers", they are seriously unequal in fact, and even have strict rules on etiquette and clothing. After the capital is Tianjing, everyone from Hong Xiuquan to kings and generals at all levels is engaged in pleasure and corruption.
Influenced by the weakness of small producers, the peasant rebels have serious hedonism and feudalism. Although the Qing army blocked the front and pursued it, Shi Dakai held a banquet to celebrate his 30th birthday when he was stationed in Qingyuan. Shi Dakai striker had already crossed the Dadu River, but because my concubine gave birth to a child, the troops were sent back to celebrate for three days, which delayed the opportunity to cross the river. Coupled with the skyrocketing river, the opportunity to cross the river will be lost forever. At present, the top leaders have delayed military events because of their own personal interests, which is really regrettable!
The Red Army did not make such a low-level mistake. As a senior leader of the army, Mao Zedong's wife He Zizhen gave birth to a child while crossing Chishui. In order not to let the children bring trouble to the marching troops, Mao and he reluctantly gave up what they wanted, put the children in a farmer's thatched cottage, and then marched with the team.
During the Long March, cadres at all levels of the Red Army shared weal and woe with soldiers. There are many such examples: Commander-in-Chief Zhu De crossed the grassland three times in the Long March, and Mao Zedong boasted that Zhu De "walked the grassland for 40 days" and had no house to live like the soldiers. Not only that, Zhu De also dug wild vegetables with the soldiers, gave horses to the sick and wounded, and asked the guards to cook cowhide belts when there was no food. Zhang Zhenkun, the teacher of Red 18 Division, spread a poncho on the grass and poured his leftover dry food on it. All the officers and men of the division followed him. Then Zhang Zhenkun took a small bowl to call the roll, and the officers and men of the whole division were given a small share on average. Zhang Zhenkun emphasized to the whole division: "The revolution cannot be completed by one person." Relying on the collective strength, the whole division finally walked out of the grass. Every time the soldiers think of the company commander, battalion commander, colonel and division commander who saved their lives, they are moved to say, "My life is not mine." So soldiers are particularly brave on the battlefield.
4. whose national policy can turn enemies into friends better?
The army and the people are the foundation of victory. Shi Dakai's rout in the Dadu River has much to do with the lack of public support. The Red Army successfully crossed the river not by luck, but by the support of the local people. One of the mysteries is that the Red Army has carried out the party's ethnic policy in an exemplary manner.
In the siege of Shi Dakai, the Yi warrior from Tianba Tusiling and the Tibetan warrior Wang Yingyuan from Song Lin Tusiling played a key role. Shi Dakai regards ethnic minorities as "barbarians" and "aliens" and often threatens them. For example, there is a sentence in the notice issued by Rongxian County: "Those who oppose us will die, and those who obey us will live". "Shanzhai is everywhere, and dare to resist the heavenly soldiers. At that time, it was eliminated, and it was eliminated in unison." "If you don't pay tribute, it will be abolished." In Gengjiatun, Xuanwei, Yunnan, the people were killed by anger because they could not attack Banqiao. Shi Dakai's aim was to destroy and restore the Han Dynasty. Shi Jun regarded the Yi and Tibetan of the indigenous people as "aliens" like the Qing Dynasty. In this way, it not only harmed the interests of the upper class of ethnic minorities, but also harmed the interests of ethnic minorities, causing the overall antipathy, forming a situation of unity from top to bottom and desperately fighting against Shi Jun. During the Long March, Mao Zedong stood by the Dadu River and said in a regretful tone: "The relationship between the Yi people and Shi Dakai was friendly at first, and Shi Dakai was too suspicious, which made it worse." (Qiu, "Dadu River Risk, I am not Shi Dakai", originally published in Zongheng 1984 No.4)
Due to the long-term discrimination and oppression of ethnic minorities by the Kuomintang, the Yi people in Liangshan area are very hostile to the Han people. After the Red Army entered the Yi area, the Kuomintang authorities decided that the Red Army would be beaten to the ground by Yi people like Shi Dakai. However, I didn't expect the Red Army to thaw ethnic conflicts with exemplary actions and turn enemies into friends.
Contrary to what Shi Dakai did in those days, he personally met with Gu Jidan, the leader of the Yi people near Mianning, and Gu Jidan reported to Mao about the branches of the Yi people from Mianning to Dadu River and their leaders and other four people. On this basis, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee formulated the policy that the vanguard troops of the Red Army should focus on the Yi people. The Red Army has made great efforts to eliminate long-standing ethnic contradictions and estrangements. When entering the Yi area, although the Red Army was chased by some Yi people and even robbed of weapons and clothes, it still resolutely carried out the orders of its superiors and failed to fight back. Instead, it repeatedly and patiently publicized to the Yi people that "unite with the Red Army to overthrow the Han officials and overthrow Liu who oppressed you".
Inspired by the Red Army, Xiao He and Liu Bocheng gave their lives for the League and formed. Later, he sent people to help the Red Army negotiate with the checkpoints of the Yi People's Armed Forces along the way, so that the Red Army could pass through the Yi areas smoothly. Xiao Yedan acted as a guide for the Red Army, saving precious time for the Red Army to pass through the Yi area quickly. Under the same conditions, the Red Army arrived at Dadu River eight days faster than Shi Dakai's troops. It was these precious eight days that the Red Army was able to get rid of its pursuers, calmly cross the Dadu River and fly to the Luding Bridge.
Through the above comparison, it is not difficult for us to understand why Dadu River has become "the sad place of Wing King and the victorious place of Red Army". Taiping Army failed to honor the slogan on the flag to the people and soldiers, and lost the morale of the people. The Taiping Army led by Shi Dakai has reached the political end. Under the leadership of the * * * Production Party, the Red Army complied with the needs of the Anti-Japanese War and put forward the slogan of "going north to resist Japan", which did good deeds for the people along the way and won the support and support of the people of all ethnic groups, so it crossed the river smoothly.