Linzi (now Zibo), the capital of Qiding, is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with fertile land and the sea as its back, benefiting from fishing and salt. It is the largest vassal state in the East. The ancestor of the monarch of the State of Qi was called Jiang Shang. Because his ancestor was sealed in the State of Lu, he was also known as the merchant of Lu. Jiang Shang, also known as Jiang Taigong, made great contributions to the Zhou Dynasty and was sealed in the State of Qi.
The first 14 monarch of Jiang Shang was Qi Xianggong, who was Xiaobai's brother. When Xiang Gong was in power (697-686 BC), he was politically dissolute and corrupt. He killed Lu Huangong because he had an affair with his sister; Spend a lot of people's fat and paste to build a palace for them to enjoy; Hunting and having fun all day, ignoring state affairs, it is inevitable that junior officials and soldiers will be frozen and hungry, and people's lives will be more difficult. His reward and punishment are unknown, and he kills his lieutenants at will, making everyone feel insecure. Even his own brother fled abroad for fear of being killed. Miyako, with the help of Guan Zhonghe, fled to Lu. With the help of Bao, he fled to Juxian County.
In the autumn of the 11th year of Qi Xianggong (687 BC), Xiang Gong ordered the doctor to rule his father and led his troops to guard Kwai Mountain (now west of Zibo, Shandong). Before leaving, I made an appointment to go when the melon is ripe this year and change it next year. But a year later, Qi Xianggong did not send troops to replace him. Even several requests for replacement were rejected. Therefore, Lian and Guan were dissatisfied with the garrison soldiers, joined forces with Gongsun Sheng's uncle, launched a mutiny, fought back in Linzi and killed them. Gongsun's ignorance made him a Qi army, and the following year, Gongsun's ignorance was killed in Yonglin.
When Qi lost its monarch, ministers nervously began to plan a new monarch. Qi went to the west in high spirits, and had a close relationship since childhood, so he secretly sent people to Juan to recall the country to the throne. At the same time, someone wants to take the eldest son back to China to become king, and Lu is also preparing to escort Miyako back to Qi for a long time, and send Guan Zhongling to stop him on the way home. When the two sides met, Xiao Bai was shot by Guan Zhong's arrow and almost died. In order to confuse each other, Xiao Bai pretended to be shot dead by an arrow. He took a light bus and drove all the way to Qidu day and night. Gong Zijiu and Lu Jun thought that they were dead and the victory was in hand, so they slowed down the pace of returning to Qi and arrived six days later. At this time, it was already. When he sent his troops to the west, he defeated the Lu army. Xiaobai ascended the throne of the Qi monarch, who is the famous Qi Huangong in history.
Ren Xian reform.
When Qi Huangong became a monarch, he always wanted to kill Guan Zhong. When he sent his troops to attack Lu, he said to Huan Gong, "Do you want to manage Qi? Waiting with me is enough. If you want to dominate, you must have control! " Huan Gong was magnanimous, gave up the past, immediately accepted Bao's suggestion and sent him to see Guan Zhong himself, treated him with courtesy and entrusted him with an important task.
Because Huan Gong was thirsty for talents, many outstanding figures such as Guan Zhong, Bao, Gao Hou and Peng gathered around him. Especially after getting Guan Zhong, Huan Gong was like a duck to water, adding wings to the tiger and looking for someone to help him revitalize Qi. With the strong support of Huan Gong, Guan Zhong carried out drastic reforms.
Politically, the system of "participating in other countries and despising other countries" has been implemented. The country is the capital. It is the country that is "despicable". "Participating in other countries" means that Du Yi is divided into 21 townships, which are divided into three parts: townships, commercial townships and scholar townships, including three industrial townships, three commercial townships and fifteen scholar townships. "Custom" means organizing rural residents, setting up officials and strengthening control according to the organizations of railways, cities, townships, counties and genera. The purpose is to make people live and work in peace and contentment, keep their jobs, and not go into exile at will, thus developing social production and consolidating rule.
On the military side, the measure of "issuing a military order internally" was implemented. That is, on the basis of internal affairs reform, we should realize the unity of military and agriculture, military and civilian, and military and political affairs. Residents are both citizens and soldiers. They should not only engage in their respective occupations, but also carry out military training in the spring and autumn. Officials are both officers and military commanders; In charge of both administration and military affairs. This has expanded the source of troops and improved the combat effectiveness.
On the economic front, measures have been taken to increase state tax revenue. In view of the destruction of the well-field system, the rise of private land and the reduction of national tax revenue since the Spring and Autumn Period, Huan Gong and Guan Zhong reformed the old tax system and implemented the method of "Cui Cui levy". That is to say, to conduct a general survey of the land in the vast rural areas and stipulate how much tribute to pay according to the fertility and quantity of the land. At the same time, it also advocates making money from mountains and cooking salt from the sea, and encourages the development of salt and iron industry. In addition, there is a system of "light and heavy nine houses", which distributes goods according to age and people's needs, thus adjusting prices, accumulating money and increasing national income. It laid a material foundation for Qi to dominate the princes.
Thanks to the reform of Huan Gong and Guan Zhong, Qi quickly became rich and powerful, and played a major role in the political arena in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Chun Qiu shou ba
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the prestige of the Emperor of Zhou was not as good as before, and he could no longer order the princes. In order to compete for labor, plunder wealth and annex land, vassals of all countries tried to become the overlord of the world, forcing vassal States to bow down and pay tribute. In this way, the struggle for hegemony among big powers is inevitably put on the historical agenda.
After Qi Huangong's national strength became strong, it actively carried out the activities of vassal hegemony. In 684 BC, the army first attacked Lu from the southwest, and the Lu army fought in Shaoshao (now Laiwu North, Shandong Province). Duke Zhuang of Lu took Cao Gui's advice and fought back after the failure of the Qi army, defeating his division and defeating his hegemony. However, since then, Duke Huan has sent troops to attack Lu three times in a row, all of which have won and seized a lot of land in Lu. In 68 1 BC, Qi Huangong called Duke Zhuang of Lu to form an alliance in Ke (near Acheng, Shandong Province) and returned the lost land of Lu as agreed, which made Duke Huan win a great reputation among the princes. In a very short time, he conquered Tantan (now northwest of Tancheng, Shandong Province), Sui (now south of Feicheng, Shandong Province), Ju, Xu (now southeast of Sihong, Jiangsu Province), Lai (now southeast of Huangxian County, Shandong Province) and other countries. It is said that 3 1 small countries surrendered to Qi. In 679 BC, Qi Huangong called Duke Huan of Song, Chen, and others to form an alliance in Juancheng (now north of Juancheng, Shandong Province), and the vassal * * * was promoted as the overlord, and Qi began to dominate.
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Shanrong, Di and other ethnic minorities in the north of China are powerful and often harass Yan, Xing and Wei. Under the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", Yan State was United to defeat Shanrong, and Song, Cao and other countries were United to stop the chaos, and a new city was established for Xing State and Wei State, so that "Xing State moved as before, Wei State forgot to die" and established a high prestige among the princes.
After Qi Huangong won the hegemony of the Central Plains, he developed his power to the south, which made the southern Chu state recognize the hegemony of Qi. In 656 BC, Qi Huangong led the allied forces of Qi, Lu, Song, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Xu and Cao. First, they crusaded against Cai, who joined Chu, and the Cai people fled. So they set out for Chu. King Chu Cheng came to see the Qi army under siege. While leading the army to fight, he sent doctors to make peace with Qi. Seeing that Chu had no opportunity, Qi Huangong made a covenant with Chu in Zhaoling (now east of Yancheng, Henan), which made Chu admit its hegemony. Since then, Qi Huangong has held many meetings with governors, and once established King Xiang of Zhou as the activity of honoring King Zhou. In 65 1 year BC, Zhou Tianzi attended the Guishan Conference, and his hegemony reached its peak.
In 645 BC, Guan Zhong and Peng Ji died one after another. Huan Gong appointed three sycophantic ministers, Yi Ya, Zhen Diao, to take power, and politics gradually became corrupt. In 643 BC, the powerful Qi Huangong died of illness. His five sons competed for the throne with each other. They were too busy to attend the funeral of Huan Gong. As a result, Qi Huangong's body was stored for 67 days, rotted and gave birth to maggots. Since then, Qi's hegemony has suddenly declined.
Qi Huangong lived a distinguished life. He is a talented and ambitious ruler. He carried out some rectification and reform in his own country, and received the effect of Qiang Bing, a rich country, and became the first overlord among countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. Although the war for hegemony has caused great damage to the social economy, and the working people have paid a huge price for it, it has played a positive role in the unification of China and the integration of all ethnic groups and the development of ancient China history.