Since the reform and opening up, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party has undertaken the great mission of economic development and economic system reform. Beijing, which embodies the administrative characteristics of the central leading collective, will usher in the Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee. This is the seventh Third Plenary Session in 30 years. The theme of this plenary session is to study and promote rural reform and development. This year marks the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party and the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up. In people's view, the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee will accelerate the construction of a new socialist countryside and have a significant and far-reaching impact on creating a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Throughout the history of the party, since the reform and opening up, the Third Plenary Session of the Party has undertaken the great mission of economic development and economic system reform, and most of the decisions with great turning significance have been made at the Third Plenary Session. Ye Duchu, an expert on Party building at the Central Party School, told Outlook Newsweek that every plenary session of the Central Committee is very important. Through the plenary session, we can gather knowledge, form theories, deploy strategies and make an overall layout. Since the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the role of the First and Second Plenary Sessions has been stable, mainly in personnel work arrangements. The Third Plenary Session of previous sessions often bears the brand of every central leading collective. It can be said that to see the "glory" of the first central leading collective, we can reflect the administrative characteristics of the current central leading collective by observing the "easy work" of the Third Plenary Session. The reason why most of the topics of the Third Plenary Session are locked in development and reform is because, in the view of Zhang Liqun, a researcher at the the State Council Development Research Center, development is the top priority of China's * * * production party in governing and rejuvenating the country in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, and it is also the central work of every central leading collective. From the changes in the central topics and key words of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in the past 30 years, we can also see that the Party's understanding of China's economic modernization, China's economic system reform and China's development mode is constantly developing, deepening and maturing, and it is gradually evolving and exploring. Chang Xiuze, a professor at the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that from the analysis of the process of China's economic system reform, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee, the Third Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Central Committee and the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee have programmatic significance, which respectively mark the four stages of China's economic system reform, namely, the initial stage of reform, the start-up stage of reform, the stage of establishing a socialist market economic system framework and the stage of improving the socialist market economic system. On the occasion of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee, Outlook News Weekly tried to briefly outline the thinking map of the party's governance of the country from the perspective of "previous Third Plenary Sessions". The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee: Achieving a Great Historical Turning Point197865438+February 18 ~ 22, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held in Beijing was a meeting to set things right and achieve a great historical turning point. The plenary session criticized the wrong policy of "two whatevers", fully affirmed the necessity of mastering Mao Zedong Thought's scientific system completely and accurately, spoke highly of the exposition that practice is the only criterion for testing truth, and determined the guiding principles of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and looking forward in unity; Decided to stop using the wrong slogan of "taking class struggle as the key link" and made a decision to shift the focus of work to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up; Formulated a decision on accelerating agricultural development; Put forward the task of strengthening socialist democracy and perfecting socialist legal system; We reviewed and solved a number of major problems left over by the Party's history, and re-evaluated the merits and demerits of some important leaders. The plenary session also co-elected members of the central leading body; Decided to set up the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. These major changes indicate that the China * * * Production Party has re-established the Marxist ideological line, political line and organizational line, and started to form the second generation of central leading collective with Deng Xiaoping as the core, and China has entered a new era of socialist modernization. "The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a milestone, which marks the beginning of a great era-the era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization." This is the understanding of many researchers interviewed by this magazine. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee marked the beginning of China's economic system reform and opened up a new era. In the following six years, from197865438+February to198465438+1October, the reform in China entered the start-up stage. At this stage, the main battlefield of reform is in the countryside. Since the farmers in Xiaogang village, Fengyang county, Anhui province took the lead in implementing household production quotas, a powerful wave of rural system reform has been set off in the whole countryside, that is, the household contract responsibility system has been implemented. At the same time of rural reform, urban industrial and commercial enterprises have also carried out some reform pilots, that is, expanding the autonomy of enterprises. "At this stage, the whole system is still dominated by the planned economy system, and the part of market regulation has just begun to sprout." Chang Xiuze has long been engaged in the study of institutional changes. He believes that the reform at this stage is characterized by gradually getting rid of the shackles of the traditional planned economic system and exploring a brand-new institutional model. The Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee: Reform from Rural Areas to Cities was held in Beijing on1October 20th 1984. The meeting unanimously adopted the central government's decision on economic system reform. According to the principle of combining the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of China, this decision clarifies the necessity and urgency of speeding up the reform of the whole economic system, focusing on cities, and stipulates the direction, nature, tasks and basic principles and policies of the reform. It is a programmatic document guiding China's economic system reform. The Decision broke through the shackles of "Left" thinking on many issues, especially on major issues such as commodity economy and the law of value, and clarified the vague understanding among many people. This meeting marks the beginning of the reform from rural areas to cities and even the whole economic field. China's economic system reform has entered the second stage, that is, the start-up stage of the reform. Chang Xiuze told this reporter that before the plenary session, relevant parties in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a lot of preparations and conducted various investigations and discussions. It was due to full preparation and brewing that the plenary session made a decision on reform. The decision clearly pointed out for the first time that China's socialist economy is not a planned economy, but a planned commodity economy based on public ownership. Under the historical conditions at that time, it was clearly pointed out that the socialist economy was a planned commodity economy, which was a considerable breakthrough and significant development of Marxist political economy. The Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee: Clearing the Way for Deepening Reform1988 From September 26th to 30th, the Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing. At the meeting, two important documents were adopted in principle: the preliminary plan for price and wage reform and the notice of the central government on strengthening and improving ideological and political work in enterprises. This meeting was held in a special period. Experts interviewed pointed out that China was in the transition period between the old and new systems, which brought a series of problems. Among them, the outstanding problem is that the economic order is chaotic and prices are rising too fast, which has affected people's lives. In order to deepen China's reform and opening-up, the meeting determined the guiding principles of managing the economic environment, rectifying the economic order and comprehensively deepening the reform, and demanded that the focus of reform and construction in the coming period should be focused on managing the economic environment and rectifying the economic order. This meeting cleared the way for further deepening reform. At the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, the basic framework of the socialist market economic system was sketched out1993165438+10/0/0/0/0/0/0/0. The Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee was held. The plenary session adopted the Decision of the Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of the Socialist Market Economic System. The plenary session pointed out that the socialist market economic system is integrated with the basic socialist system. To establish a socialist market economic system is to make the market play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources under the macro-control of the state. It is necessary to further transform the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and establish a modern enterprise system that meets the requirements of market economy, with clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, separation of government from enterprises and scientific management. Talking about this, Chang Xiuze analyzed that to evaluate the significance of the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, we should put the time back to the spring of 1992. Comrade Deng Xiaoping 1992's Talking about Inspecting the South has brought about a great ideological liberation. /Kloc-The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 0/0 clearly pointed out that the socialist economy is a market economy based on public ownership, that is, it put forward the judgment of "socialist market economy" and established the socialist market economy as the target model of China's economic system reform for the first time. The decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee 1993 systematized and concretized the objectives and basic principles of the economic system reform set by the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, made a comprehensive strategic plan on how to carry out the reform according to the objectives of the socialist market economic system, and put forward eight reform contents, including enterprise reform, market system construction, macro-control system construction, income distribution and social security reform, rural reform, opening up and science and technology. These eight aspects can be summarized as "eight pillars", which support the construction of the whole socialist market economic system. This decision is the overall plan for China to establish a socialist market economic system and the action program for China's economic system reform. After this meeting, China's economic system reform developed in depth, which greatly promoted the process of establishing a socialist market economic system in China. In Chang Xiuze's view, the third stage of China's reform, that is, the stage of establishing the institutional framework of the socialist market economy, started from 1992 to 10, and lasted for 10 years until 2002. At this stage, the reform is relatively strong and the momentum of further development is relatively strong. The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee: The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee for Building a New Countryside was held in June1998+1October12 ~ June 14. The meeting deliberated and adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues in Agriculture and Rural Work", put forward the goal of building a new countryside in Socialism with Chinese characteristics by 20 1 1, and determined the guidelines that must be adhered to to to achieve this goal. The plenary session fully affirmed the great achievements and basic experience of rural reform and development in China since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the basis of systematically summarizing the historical experience of rural reform and deeply analyzing and studying the present situation of agriculture and rural development, this paper clearly puts forward the objectives and policies that must be followed in the cross-century development of agriculture and rural areas, makes overall arrangements for the economic, political and cultural construction of rural areas in China, and formulates policies and measures to promote agriculture and rural work. The interviewed experts believe that the contradiction between urban and rural development is becoming more and more prominent under the background of promoting industrialization and urbanization in China. The formation of the "Decision on Some Major Issues in Agriculture and Rural Work" at this plenary session indicates that the whole party has a deeper understanding of the laws governing China's rural reform and development and a stronger consciousness of strengthening agriculture and rural work. The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee: New Task, New Starting Point In 2003, the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing from June+10/October 1 Sunday to14th, 65438. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Perfecting the Market Economic System adopted at the plenary session is not only a blueprint for the reform and development in the next decade, but also a comprehensive display of Scientific Outlook on Development, which puts forward new ideas and measures for improving the socialist market economic system. It is called another new milestone in the theory and practice of China's socialist market economy. The development goal of Scientific Outlook on Development and "Five Overall Plans" put forward in it is a major innovation of the Party's ruling theory and a modern ruling idea that is more in line with the trend of human development and progress. This great change in the ruling idea has and will promote all-round profound changes in China. Chang Xiuze told reporters that "the outstanding change in economic system reform is to pay attention to the adjustment and overall planning of social interests." He analyzed, "The previous stage of reform did not put forward the all-round development of economy, society and people as an independent and complete guiding concept. The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee emphasized people-oriented and promoted the all-round development of economy, society and people. This will guide us to study and promote institutional innovation from a higher level. " Based on the judgment of the interviewed researchers, marked by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, it is clear that public ownership is not equal to public ownership, and the mixed ownership economy, especially the shareholding system, is also public ownership. This is the third ideological revolution after various distribution forms and market allocation of resources. At the same time, the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee also made it clear that the non-public sector of the economy can enter areas that are not explicitly prohibited by law. It is proposed to establish a modern property right system, change from a simple economic development to a people-oriented, comprehensive and balanced development concept, and at the same time vigorously promote the reform of government administration, which means that China's reform or system innovation will enter a new stage, that is, the fourth stage of reform-the stage of perfecting the socialist market economic system. From this, a major reform with overall and fundamental significance began, and the pattern of mutual promotion of economic, social and administrative system reforms was initially formed. Moreover, the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee pointed out that it is necessary to "put people first", establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept, and promote the all-round development of economy, society and people. This idea was written into the strategic text of China's development for the first time, which indicated that the decision-makers had made great changes in the national development strategy. According to Scientific Outlook on Development's requirements, the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause, which is a four-in-one combination of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, has been fully launched. It is expected that the upcoming Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee will aim at studying and promoting rural reform and development. Talking about this, Zhang Liqun analyzed that for China, a big country with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are related to the overall development of the cause of the party and the state. At present, China is in the process of accelerating industrialization and urbanization. One of the development goals of urbanization is to solve the development problems of farmers and rural areas, and to find a way out to solve the three rural issues through the promotion of industrialization. At the same time, whether the "three rural issues" can be solved well is also a basic factor related to the next development of China. "Because of this, the focus of the Third Plenary Session of this session is more concentrated, which also shows that the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is becoming more and more prominent in the process of economic modernization in China." . After 30 years of reform and opening up, China's rural economy and society have undergone historic changes. In 2007, the per capita net income of farmers in China reached 4 140 yuan, nearly 30 times higher than that of 1978; The absolute poverty population in rural areas has been reduced from 250 million to150,000; The total grain output has increased from 300 billion kilograms before the reform and opening up to 500 billion kilograms. Over the past 30 years, 10 No.1 document, such as giving more and taking less, letting loose, industry feeding back agriculture, urban supporting rural areas, and coordinating urban and rural development, has clearly recorded the historical track of the reform practice of the peasant masses led by the party. However, the current rural reform and development still face many difficulties and problems. Urban and rural areas, regions, and economic and social development are unbalanced, making it more difficult for rural areas to develop steadily and farmers to increase their income continuously. Especially since last year, due to the tight supply and demand of some agricultural and sideline products, the prices have risen too fast, and the rising prices of agricultural materials have led to the low comparative benefits of farmers' growing grain. The government attaches importance to grain production and farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain is not high, which directly affects the all-round development of rural economy and society. "The key to building a well-off society in an all-round way is rural areas, but the difficulties are also in rural areas." Chang Xiuze believes that it is of great significance for the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee to study and promote rural reform and development as its main agenda. How to observe the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee, Ye Duchu suggested, first, you can observe the work report of the Central Plenary Session, that is, the report made by the General Secretary on behalf of the Political Bureau. "By observing how to make a work report, you can see some flavors." Second, you can observe the process and scope of soliciting opinions on the work report. Now the power of the CPC Central Committee has been greatly improved, and the right to know, to speak, to make decisions and to supervise has been quietly expanded, which shows that the democracy of the central leadership collective has gradually increased. At the same time, the openness of the central leadership has also been enhanced from the perspective of the central government's extensive solicitation of expert think tanks. Third, we can observe the Political Bureau of the Central Committee's Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Promoting Rural Reform and Development submitted to the Third Plenary Session for deliberation. In his view, the weight of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee will be heavier than people expected. .