1. Background: After the Second Opium War, the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Qing Dynasty were difficult.

2. Time: 1960s-1990s 19.

3. Purpose: Learn from foreigners, strive for self-improvement, make use of western advanced technology, enrich Qiang Bing and safeguard the rule of Qing Dynasty.

4. Representative figures: Central-Yixin, Local-Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and Zhang Zhidong.

5. Slogan: "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.

6. The main activities of the Westernization Movement:

(1) In the early stage, the military industry was established with the slogan of "self-improvement". Target: Armed forces.

Zeng Guofan's Anqing Ordnance Institute was the first arsenal in China, and it was also the beginning of the Westernization School's imitation of Western-style ship guns.

B Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang founded Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration in Shanghai. It is the largest modern military industry run by the Westernization School.

C. Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, founded by Zuo in Mawei, Fuzhou, was the first transportation enterprise in China and the largest shipyard in the Far East at that time.

(2) In the later period, the civil industry was founded with the slogan of "seeking wealth". (reason: auxiliary military industry).

A: Li Hongzhang founded China Shipping Merchants, the first shipping company in China, in Shanghai.

B Zhang Zhidong founded Hubei Weaving Layout and Hanyang Iron Works (the first iron and steel works in China).