The history of "Changsha Defence War" is called "Changsha Battle".

In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Hunan was the rear base of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. Hunan, with its rich land of fish and rice, rich land of non-ferrous metals and relatively developed industrial base, provided abundant food and strategic materials for the anti-Japanese front.

In the stage of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression stalemate and strategic counterattack, Hunan became the most important frontal main battlefield for China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang troops organized 22 major battles and annihilated more than 400,000 Japanese aggressors.

On the other hand, there were seven battles in Hunan, accounting for nearly one-third of the total number of battles, and * * * annihilated more than 200,000 Japanese aggressors, accounting for half of the total number of Japanese aggressors annihilated by the Kuomintang. During the period from 1938 to 1945, 40 group armies, armies, independent divisions and guerrilla columns were mobilized in Hunan Battlefield, and nearly one million regular troops fought four famous battles in Changsha, Hengyang, Changde and Xiangxi, killing more than 200,000 Japanese aggressors.

On the anti-Japanese battlefield in China, a province in Hunan has launched several such large-scale battles, which is unique in China. Destroy the Japanese army as much as possible on the battlefield in Hunan.

More than 100,000 Japanese troops were annihilated in Changsha World War I alone, which China's army did not have in other war zones. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army put 35% of the troops in the China war zone into the battlefield in Hunan, and nearly half of the Japanese troops annihilated by the Kuomintang troops were annihilated on this land in Hunan, which is also unique in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China.

From 1939 to 1944, Changsha was the center of the ninth Kuomintang war zone, with Poyang Lake and Ganjiang River in Jiangxi in the east and Dongting Lake and Xiangjiang River in the west. The war zone governs western Jiangxi, southern Hubei and Hunan provinces, and * * * fought four major battles. In four battles, the enemy and I invested more than one million troops, and the Japanese army annihilated more than 100,000 Japanese aggressors. Among them, the third battle of Changsha annihilated 58,000 Japanese aggressors, thus Changsha became the capital city with the largest number of Japanese aggressors, and the battle of Changsha also became the battle with the largest number of Japanese aggressors.

The first battle of Changsha.

1September, 939 (in the 28th year of the Republic of China) to 10/October, in the middle of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the troops of the ninth theater of China launched a defensive campaign against the Japanese army in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.

The Japanese army 1 1 concentrated about 1, 006 divisions and three brigades 1, 1, 65438. Under the command of Commander Okamura Ningji, in order to defeat China's anti-Japanese war will, China's troops in the 9th theater were wiped out. In order to break the Japanese army's strategic attempt, Xue Yue, the acting commander of the 9th Theater in China, commanded more than 30 divisions of the 16 Army, with about 400,000 men, and adopted the operational policy of blocking the enemy in depth and luring the enemy one after another to annihilate the attacking Japanese army near Changsha. This battle was mainly fought in three directions: northern Jiangxi, northern Hunan and southern Hubei.

Northern Jiangxi: In September of 14, the Japanese Army 106 Division was attacked by China Garrison 19 Army 60 Army in Fengxin, northern Jiangxi; A division of 10 1 launched a containment attack on the 32nd and 58th armies of the Chinese Army in Gao 'an. The defenders of China failed to resist the Japanese attack and their positions were broken. The 60th Army and the 58th Army moved to Yifeng and Lingjiangkou respectively. The 32nd Army moved to the front line on the right bank of Jinjiang, namely, Huibu and Pu Yuan. 18, Japanese troops captured Fu Shang, Qiancun Street and Xie Qiao, and stormed Gao 'an. 19, after fierce fighting, the defenders abandoned Gao 'an and retreated to the southwest highlands of Shiguling and Shinaowei to stop the Japanese invasion to the west. 2 1, the 32nd Army counterattacked Gao 'an and launched a fierce battle with the Japanese army. On the 22nd, Gao 'an and Gaocheng were recovered and entered Maxingshan and Zhaojiashan. 74th Army marched into Xie Qiao and Nanshanhe River. The Japanese 10 1 Division retreated from Gao 'an to the northeast and the Fifth Bridge. 106 division main force invaded from fengxin to the west, breaking through the positions of defenders 183 division and 15 division. On the 24th, it occupied Hengjie and Fanggan and continued to advance westward. On 25th, China army mobilized several divisions to fight back against the Japanese in Fanggan area, and launched a fierce battle with them. 1October 3 10, Japanese troops advanced to Dadun Street and Shitou Street. China troops stationed in Fanggan and Hengjie cut off the retreat of the Japanese army to the west. On the 6th, the 1 Army and the 30th Army of the Chinese Army were ordered to besiege the Japanese army. By the 9th, they occupied Shawoli, Brewmaster Pond, Fu Shang, Yecheng and other places, pursued them, and successively recovered Luofang, Shuibu, Sandu and Xiushui. The Japanese army returned to Wuning, Jing 'an and Fengxin.

Xiangbei: On September 18, the 6th Division and Nara detachment, the main force of the Japanese army, crossed the New Wall River and launched an attack on the 52nd Army of the 15 Army garrison on the north bank of the New Wall. The defenders resisted tenaciously for five days and nights and were forced to retreat to the south bank of the river on the evening of the 22nd. At dawn on the 23rd, with the support of heavy artillery fire, the Japanese army forcibly crossed the new wall and pushed southward. The Shangcun detachment landed in the field near the mouth of the Miluo River, forming a double attack on the 15 army. The 33rd Division went south from Maishi in an attempt to wipe out the China army in northern Hunan. 15 Army fought against the Japanese army based on the positions of Xinwanghe and Miluo River. After being severely damaged by the Japanese army, it withdrew to the south bank of Miluo River on the 24th. On the 26th, the Military Commission of the National Government ordered the 9th Theater to have a decisive battle with the main Japanese forces near Changsha. The armies obeyed orders and immediately entered the positions to attack and ambush the Japanese army. On the 27th, the Japanese army went south. On the 30th, the main force of the Japanese army moved to the north bank of the Laodao River and went straight to Yong 'an City, Jinjingcheng, Shangshan City, Qingshan City and Qiaotouyi, north of Changsha. Because the Japanese army went deep alone, it was stopped and ambushed by the China army, and was forced to stop the attack.

In southern Hubei: On September 22nd, the 33rd Division of Japanese Army launched an attack on the 79th Army of 15 Army. On the 23rd, it occupied Maishi and Taoshu Port, and then invaded the upper reaches of Miluo River. The 27th Army of the Chinese Army and the 79th Army of 15 Army fought fiercely with the Japanese near Maishi, causing heavy casualties. On the 29th, Japanese troops captured Nanlouling and Pingjiang and arrived at Zhuxi Factory, Longmen Factory and Longevity Street. China's 20th Army and 79th Army attacked the Japanese in Zhong Xian, Nanlouling and Taoshugang respectively, and pursued the Japanese in Zhuxi Factory and Longmen Factory. 10 10/day, after the 20th army recovered Longmen factory, it attacked the Japanese army in Longevity Street, and the 79th army recovered Taoshugang, Maishi, Zhong Xian and Chiayi. On the 3rd, the main force of the 33rd Division of the Japanese Army joined forces with the Nara detachment of 13 Division at Sanyanqiao, and attacked Zhajin eastward to repair water. After fierce fighting with the 27th Army and the 79th Army on the 4th, they retreated in the direction of Nanjiang Bridge, Maishi and Tongcheng respectively. 15 followed the Japanese army and successively recovered Andingqiao, Changle Street, Xinshi and Xiluo. On the 5th, the Japanese army retreated across the board. After being attacked by the newly formed 23rd Division of the 54th Army, Shangcun detachment boarded a boat and fled back to Yueyang from Dongting Lake. By the 9th, the 6th Division retreated to the New Wall River; Thirty-three divisions withdrew to Tongcheng; Nara detachment returned to Tongcheng. (In the battle, a regiment of the 27th Army134th Division killed a senior official of the Japanese army when blocking the enemy in Baishaling. The Japanese army suddenly came like crazy to rob the dead officers. China's army saw that the corpse was so valuable, there must be a reason, and it went crazy, and beat back the Japanese army that robbed the corpse with fierce firepower. As a result, the two sides launched a fierce battle to snatch the body. As a result, the body was taken away by the China army. From the picture package on the body, the combat mission distinction and plot of the 33 rd Division, as well as other extremely important documents, were found. It is reported that the enemy's 33rd Division plans to attack Baishaling from Nanling, then Longmen Town, and then go straight to Changsha to assist Changsha City. At that time, Yang Sen's army was deployed from west to east, and the key point was to prepare to stop the enemy from Nanchang. After receiving this information, Yang Sen decisively changed his deployment and transferred all his main forces to besiege the 33rd Division from the north. As a result, in Longevity Street, the enemy was surrounded, and after a day and night of fierce fighting, most of the main force of the 33rd Division was annihilated. The remnant enemy abandoned the trench and the horse fled back to Tongcheng. ) In the pursuit of all fronts, China's army recovered towns such as Pingjiang and Nanjiang Bridge. 13, the battle is over.

In this campaign, China's army captured more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers, blew up more than 20 Japanese planes, and shattered the Japanese army's attempt to destroy the main force of the 9th theater. In this battle, China's army suffered more than 30,000 casualties.

The second battle of Changsha.

194 1 (thirty years of the Republic of China) September to 10 June, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China and other troops fought against the Japanese in Changsha, Hunan.

In order to attack the main force of China's 9th Theater and destroy China's military and civilians' anti-Japanese war will, 1 1 Army assembled four brigades of the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 40th Divisions in the south of Yueyang in northern Hunan, equipped with 13 Battalion, 14 Battalion and 18 independent field heavy artillery. Equipped with more than 20 warships, more than 200 motorboats and 100 aircraft. Under the command of commander Anan Vicky, he took a strategic attack on Changsha by juxtaposing the main forces on the narrow front and breaking through in depth.

In order to prevent the Japanese army from invading the south, the Military Commission of the National Government ordered the 3rd, 5th and 6th war zones to attack the Japanese army face to face, so as to contain the mobilization of the Japanese army. The ninth theater attacked the Japanese army, making it impossible to concentrate its forces, and then used the third-line positions of Xinqianhe, Miluo and Laodaohe to lure the main enemy into the northeast of Changsha. The troops participating in the ninth war zone are under the command of Commander Xue Yue, with a total of 40 divisions and more than 500,000 people.

On September 7th, the 6th Division of the Japanese Army assembled on the right bank of the Xinqianhe River to cover its 3rd, 4th and 40th divisions, and launched a sweeping campaign against the Dayunshan garrison guerrilla base in northern Hunan. The Fourth Army of China fought back and lost ground. 10, 58th Army reinforced Dayun Mountain and recovered the area. 13, there was a fierce battle with the 40th division of the Japanese army in Gantian area. By 17, the main force of the Japanese army was launched on the north bank of the new wall, and the deployment of attacking northern Hunan was completed. /kloc-at dawn on 0/8, the 4th Division of the Japanese Army advanced to Changsha along Yuehan Road. Independent 14 mixed brigade enters and exits the south bank of Dongting Lake; The 3rd, 6th and 40th divisions crossed the New Wall River from the port to reach the New Wall City, quickly broke through the front line of the defenders and continued to advance southward. After bravely blocking the New Wall River, China's army moved to the right-wing mountainous area. 19, the Japanese army arrived at the north bank of Miluo.

In order to stop the Japanese army from advancing to Changsha, the 9th Theater ordered the 37th and 99th Army to hold on to the south bank of the Miluo River and stop the Japanese army. The 20th Army cooperated with the 58th and 4th Army to attack the Japanese army at dawn on 19. The 26th Army moved from Jinjing to the north of Laodao River. The 74 th Army made rapid progress near Liuyang River; Prepare to counterattack at Sanjie Bridge and Jinjing Line in the north of Changsha. At this time, the Japanese army deciphered the telegram of the ninth theater operational command, decided to abandon the original operational plan, and ordered the divisions to move eastward, and panic in the China army attacking the Japanese army from the east in the area north of Laodao River. On the 24th, the Japanese army crossed the Miluo River in an attempt to panic in the right-wing defenders. 2 1 to 23rd, 58th Army was in Hongqiao, 20th Army was in Guanwangqiao, and 4th Army was in the south of Hongyuan Cave. The 37th Army and 10 Army fought fiercely with the fourth and third divisions of the Japanese army in Shending Mountain, Miyanshan Mountain and Ban Zhao Temple. The 2nd Army of the Japanese Army and the 6th and 40th Divisions fought fiercely in Wengjiang and Putang areas. Broke through the position of the 37 th Army. The 37th Army was forced to retreat to Ansha area. The 26th Army was surrounded by Japanese troops in Putang area. On the night of 25th, the troops were ordered to break through in the direction of Genggutai and Shiwan. On the morning of 24th, reinforcements came to 10 Army, which was attacked by the Japanese army. He struggled until noon and fell into chaos. On the 26th, he was forced to break through and moved to Shigu Niu and Hotan Lei. The 74th Army came from Jiangxi to reinforce. In the vicinity of Chunhua Mountain and Yong 'an City, they were caught in a fierce battle with the Japanese army, attacked by Japanese planes, suffered heavy losses and were forced to withdraw south. The 4th Division of the Japanese Army crossed the Laodao River on 26th. On the afternoon of 27th, a division of this division crossed the Liuyang River, and in the evening, it broke into the city from the southeast corner of Changsha, and occupied Changsha on 28th. On the 29th, the 3rd Division of the Japanese Army arrived near Zhuzhou.

On the 27th, China's 9th war zone was served by the high command electric conference, and the offensive turned. Reinforcements were mobilized from all directions to rush to the battlefield to fight, and the Japanese army was surrounded between the Laodao River and Liuyang River. At the same time, the 3 rd, 5 th and 6 th theater troops attacked the Japanese army face to face. The Japanese army trapped in Changsha was cut off from the rear, so it was very difficult to supply, so it retreated northward on the evening of June 65438+1 October1. On the 2 nd, the Military Committee of the National Government ordered the troops of the 9 th Theater to pursue; The 79th Army pursued Changle Street and Xinshi, while the 58th and 72nd Army pursued Guanwangqiao and Yanglin Street. The main forces of the 4 th, 20 th and 99 th Army intercepted the Japanese army in Ma 'anpu, Qingshan City and Jinjing; The 26th Army, 74th Army and Temporary 2nd Army cleaned the battlefield between Liuyang River and Laodao River. On the 5th, China's interception troops fought fiercely with the Japanese in the south of the Miluo River, forcing them to retreat to the north of the New Wall River. On the 6 th, the pursuers crossed the Miluo River; On the 8 th, the new wall river continued to attack the Japanese army. 1 1 day, China's army resumed its original position and confronted the Japanese army in the new wall river, ending the fighting.

The fighting lasted for more than a month, and China's army * * * annihilated more than 48,000 Japanese troops, shot down three planes and sank seven motorboats, thus failing to annihilate the main force of the Ninth Theater.

The third battle of Changsha.

194 1 65438+On February 8th, the Pacific War broke out and the 23rd Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on the same day. On the 9th, the Japanese government officially declared war on China and mobilized troops to counterattack Guangzhou. In order to contain China's army, the Japanese army in China mobilized troops to cooperate with the Hong Kong war, and ordered1/army commander Ananwicki to command four divisions, two brigades, three detachments (equivalent to battalions) and an aviation unit of * * *120,000 people to attack Changsha in an attempt to annihilate the main force of the ninth theater on both sides of the Miluo River. China's Ninth Theater Commander Xue Yue commanded more than 300,000 people, including 13 troops, 1 marching troops and 1 flying brigade, to fight back and lure the enemy deeper, and planned to encircle and annihilate the Japanese army from Laodao River to Liuyang River.

On the evening of February 24th, 65438, the main forces of the 6th and 40th divisions of the Japanese army assembled in Matang and Xinkaitang, southeast of Yueyang, crossed Xin Qiang in Xin Qiang and Tunxi Street. The next morning, the third division waded across the river with the sixth division. In the ninth theater, the 20 th Army fought fiercely with the Japanese army, and one kept in touch with the Japanese army, and the main force retreated to Guanwangqiao and Wangjiafang mountainous areas; The 58th Army attacked the Japanese army to the west and retreated to Yanglin. On the 27th, the 3rd Japanese Division crossed the Miluo River near Miluo and attacked the 99th Army to the south, forcing it to retreat to Yingtian and Xiangyin. On the 29th, the 6th and 40th divisions of the Japanese army crossed the Miluo River in Xinshi and Changle Street, and met with stubborn resistance from the 37th Army. On the 30th, the 37th Army retreated from Qikou to Shegang. The 9th Brigade of the Japanese Independent Mixed Army advanced from Yueyang to Guanwangqiao, commanding the Ze detachment to cover the left wing of the main force. Anan only saw that the attack was smooth, so he ordered his men to attack Changsha. 3 1 day, the Japanese army entered the middle zone between Laodao River and Liuyang River. 1 942 65438+1October1day, the 3rd Division of the Japanese Army crossed the Liuyang River and stormed the southeast suburb of Changsha with the support of more than 20 planes. 10 army stubbornly resisted, fought fiercely for a day and night, and Baishaling position fell. On the 2 nd, the main force of the 40 th Japanese Division assembled in Jinjing to ensure the safety of the flank; Where is the main force of the sixth division assembled? Pear city in the northeast of Changsha, attacking the city slightly. Supported by the heavy artillery fire of Yuelushan Artillery 1 Brigade, the defenders held their positions, repelled many Japanese attacks, and annihilated the Japanese army that broke into Baishaling position. On the 3rd, with the cooperation of aviation and artillery, the 3rd and 6th divisions of the Japanese army stormed Changsha again. The defenders were reinforced by the 77th Division of the 73rd Army and fought hard. The fighting was fierce. The Japanese army was suppressed by the artillery fire of the defenders and the attack was blocked. By the 4th, due to heavy casualties, all ammunition and food would be exhausted. The 10 troops transferred from the ninth theater to the periphery of Changsha had been attacked from all sides and were forced to order the northward withdrawal. The 34th Division of the Japanese Army in northern Jiangxi and the Independent Mixed Army 14 Brigade fought in the direction of northern Hunan. On February 25th, 65438, they attacked Gaoshui and Xiushui respectively, and on October 6th, 65438, they were repelled by the defenders. On the morning of the 5th, the Japanese army in northern Hunan broke through to the northeast under the cover of aviation. Under the frontal blockade, side attack and pursuit of China's army, there were heavy casualties. /kloc-retreat to the north bank of the new wall on 0/6, and the battle is over. The Japanese claimed more than 6000 casualties.

In this battle, China's army adopted the tactics of continuous fighting, luring the enemy into depth, sticking to the core position of Changsha, encircling and annihilating, mobilizing the soldiers and civilians behind the enemy lines to destroy the Japanese supply line, and won the battle in Changsha.

The fourth Changsha campaign.

1On May 27th, 944, the Japanese army dispatched more than 360,000 people to attack Changsha and launched the fourth Changsha Battle. China's 300,000-strong army was confronted with the enemy, with fewer troops than the Japanese. What's more, due to the victory of the first three wars, the commander of Hunan Theater was proud of underestimating the enemy and making mistakes in command. The defenders did not obey the military order to send more troops to defend Yuelu Mountain, which led to the failure of the battle. June 1944, Changsha fell. The Japanese army changed its tactics three times before, focusing on attacking the Yuelu Mountain defense line. First, take the artillery position at the foot of Yuelu Mountain and bombard Changsha City with heavy artillery. The defenders in the city not only lost the artillery support of Yuelu Mountain, but also suffered heavy casualties and were forced to evacuate under the threat of Japanese artillery fire. Zhang Deneng, commander of the Fourth Army guarding the city, was executed in Chongqing.

The commander-in-chief of the Changsha Battle was the famous anti-Japanese general Xue Yue.

Xue Yue, also known as YueYang, is from Lechang, Guangdong Province, 1896. 19 10 joined the China alliance and served as the battalion commander of the Sun Yat-sen Guard Corps. Later, he served as a teacher in Danielle, the 4th Army of the National Revolutionary Army. From 65438 to 0935, he served as director of Guiyang appeasement and once acted as the chairman of Guizhou Province. After the Anti-Japanese War began, Xue Yue volunteered to kill the enemy and led his troops to participate in the "August 13th" Shanghai Anti-Japanese War. 1939 Acting Commander-in-Chief of the Ninth Theater, responsible for directing the war against Japan in parts of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi.

General Xue Yue has been fighting in the front line of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In addition to commanding the battle of Lanfeng, "Wanjialing Victory" made him famous all over the world. Xue Yue commanded various forces to launch a general attack. At the battle of Wanjialing, the Japanese ace troops/KOOC-0/06 Division escaped/KOOC-0/000 people,/KOOC-0/KOOC-0/Division/KOOC-0/23 (Mudao) Wing,/KOOC-0/45 (Ikeda) Wing,/KOOC. Ye Ting, commander of the New Fourth Army, said: "Wanjialing has won a great victory, and the capital of flood control is dying. It is the guarantee of Jianghan and enjoys the same reputation as Pingxingguan and Taierzhuang." Both Wang He and Zhang are remembered by people all over the country in the Wanjialing Campaign.

Xue Yue also led his troops to support the Battle of East Jiangxi and relieve the siege of Changde.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Xue Yue was appointed as the director of Xuzhou appeasement office. From 65438 to 0949, he served as Chairman of Guangdong Provincial Government and Commander-in-Chief of Hainan Island Defense at the end of the same year. Go to Taiwan Province province 1950 in may.