In the long history of ancient China, there are countless heroes and countless cultural classics connected with values. This is a treasure house of our spiritual wealth and a historical monument, which shines brightly in the history of the development of the Chinese nation. In the long history of our country, there have been ups and downs of chaos, and there have been calmness, division and unity. Those pillars that maintain national survival and support national construction are the souls of our country and nation. Their words and deeds, meticulous thinking and beautiful methods can be regarded as models for future generations and should be preserved and carried forward. However, the new words and deeds of these philosophers are not all essential. Our efforts to transform and produce ancient heritage are to critically inherit and absorb ancient spiritual civilization and serve the development of national new culture and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. Neither nihilism nor quintessence can be adopted, and it is impossible to be eclectic.
1. Patriotic tradition. Lenin said: "Patriotism should be consolidated for thousands of years.
One of my deepest feelings for my country. "It is not only an important political principle, but also an important moral norm. It is this spiritual strength that inspired the descendants to fight bravely for the survival and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and a large number of national heroes and patriots emerged. Zhang Qian had two links to the Western Regions, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Seas, Qi Jiguang wiped out the enemy, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province, and Emperor Kangxi fought against Russian aggression. They have made indelible contributions in resisting foreign aggression, defending territory, safeguarding national unity and publicizing national prestige. Thinkers, writers and people with lofty ideals throughout the ages have pointed out the mountains and inspired writing, and forged a monument to patriotism with their words and deeds. Through these historical facts, students can understand that China is a nation full of heroes and revolutionary traditions, thus generating love and loyalty to the motherland, caring about their own destiny, realizing that "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" and establishing a sense of responsibility for the motherland. The patriotic tradition with a long history and handed down from generation to generation is the vitality and cohesion of our nation, which will be transformed into a source of strength for contemporary youth to join in the four modernizations.
2. Take the world as your own responsibility, promote the interests of the people and eliminate me, and create a noble behavior for the people.
In ancient times, there was no slogan of "serving the people", but many far-sighted people realized the power of the people and that to govern the world, they must win the trust and benefit the people. Therefore, Liu Bang entered the customs and made a pact with the people in three chapters. Mencius said that the people should be wise, and Li Shimin said that carrying a boat would not overturn it. There are also ancient nobles who have promoted advantages and eliminated disadvantages for the benefit of mankind. History is endless. For example, when Ximen Bao was in power, he said, "Casting witches to build canals, building water conservancy projects so far, and giving the people sufficient wealth." Li Bing chiseled Dujiangyan, assisted western Sichuan to become a land of abundance thousands of miles away, and Bai Juyi dredged the West Lake. They touched people's hearts with their achievements, and they did something beneficial to the people, so they were praised by generations.
According to these historical facts, I pointed out to my classmates that human activities are always social, and society provides many conditions for human survival. Everyone should contribute to society. We are producers of * * *, with the sole purpose of "serving the people". We should do more and better than the ancients and have a higher ideological level. Only in this way can we be worthy of the ancients.
Three. Take the overall situation into account, know the general situation, and attach importance to unity and cooperation. Thousands of people in China.
In ancient history, many historical figures were far-sighted, broad-minded, mindful of the overall situation, knowledgeable, focused on the interests of the country and the nation, and made great achievements with one heart and one mind. Their deeds have been handed down from ancient times to the present, and they have been cited as ancient teachings. For example, Guo Ziyi attaches great importance to national affairs and does not feel the need to retaliate against Li Guangbi. But concentrate on finding thieves and defeating the enemy. When I quoted these historical facts, I pointed out to the students that these figures are all ruling classes, their concern for the country is linked to their loyalty to the monarch, and their behavior is feudal. However, their measurement is the traditional virtue of China people. This kind of art is in sharp contrast with the bad habits of playing politics and taking revenge that still exist in real life. Looking at it from today's perspective, I think this historical heritage should be injected with new content and given new meaning, so that it will glow with new brilliance in today's "four modernizations".
4. Diligence, frugality, diligence and honesty are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
Morality should be carried forward in the new period and become the content of socialist spiritual civilization. Taking Sui as a mirror, Emperor Taizong realized that "public security is easy to be arrogant and extravagant, and arrogance is dangerous", so he insisted on frugality and refraining from extravagance in governing the country, which was not unrelated to his political achievements. As a national figure, Wang Anshi prided himself on being honest and refused to accept gifts from his subordinates and became a "reformer in China 1 1 century", which made him famous in history. On the contrary, it is not uncommon for tyrants and corrupt officials to be stupid, decadent, arrogant and extravagant, and die in private. Shi Chong fought for money and was killed. This is like a poem by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, which reveals a warning truth: "As a lesson from the past, the sage of the country and the study of the family have failed from frugality to luxury." This warning can be used as a historical reference to educate students to work hard, be thrifty and cultivate socialist spiritual civilization. It runs through all fields of self-cultivation and entrepreneurship and motherland construction. In the ancient history of our country, many people made outstanding contributions to academic culture because of their efforts and diligence. For example, Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, deleted poems and books, preserved ancient cultural classics, and became a great thinker and educator. Sima Qian's Historical Records became a great writer and historian. Li Shizhen completed the medical masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica and became an outstanding medical scientist. People and things help to distinguish right from wrong, distinguish good from evil, and set up aspirations. This plays an important role in the formation of students' noble morality and beautiful sentiment, and is an important content and vivid teaching material for students' socialist spiritual civilization education.
As for teaching methods, I adopted the following methods:
First, comparison method, first, comparison between China and foreign countries: for example, when talking about the four ancient civilizations in the world,
It is pointed out that in 2000-3000, China, like other people in the world, created ancient culture to let students know that China has a long history and splendid culture. When talking about China's four great inventions and other scientific and technological achievements in ancient times, it is pointed out that in the early and middle period of feudal society, China's science and technology was at the forefront of the world and made outstanding contributions to the people of the world. Zu Chongwu realized pi more than 1 100 years earlier than Europe, and the calendar of Guo Shoujing was established 300 years earlier than the current calendar. The Early Morning History of Zheng He's Sailing to the West pointed out that its scale, early time and wide range of activities were beyond the reach of the West at that time. Cultivate students' national self-esteem and pride. Make students realize that although our current economy and culture lag behind other developed countries in the world, as long as we keep up our spirits and catch up, we can stand on our own feet in the world. The second is the comparison between ancient neighbors and present neighbors. For example, in feudal society, farmers' burden on the country included land rent, rocking workers, military service, and even "ruling the world in prosperous times" was not spared. For example, the victory of democratic reform in the Sui Dynasty, the elimination of feudal land system, and taxation became a legacy of history. Under the guidance of the current reform and opening-up policy, production has developed and people's living standards have improved. This is due to the leadership of * * * and the establishment of the socialist system, as well as the education of students who love the party and socialism. The third is positive and negative contrast. In the ancient history of our country, there were heroes who loved their country and loved their people and sacrificed their lives for justice, and there were also scum who betrayed their country and sought glory and recognized thieves as their fathers. There are brave and arrogant founding fathers who make great efforts to govern, and there are also arrogant and extravagant kings who are ignorant and dissolute; There are people with lofty ideals who smell chickens dancing and wait for their dreams, as well as corrupt elements who are happy and anxious; There are doctors who plead for the people and save them from fire and water, and there are also doctors who are cruel to the lives of officials and people and fish the people. The former is immortal, while the latter flashlight has been notorious for thousands of years. In order to cultivate students' moral feelings with clear love and hate. It must be pointed out that in positive and negative contrast teaching, students are mainly infected by positive images, but the role of negative images cannot be underestimated. Negative materials are also an education for students.
It is in both positive and negative aspects that human beings learn lessons and keep moving forward.
5. Extracurricular cooperation law. Due to the lack of content in history textbooks and extracurricular activities, classroom teaching
The content of spiritual civilization cannot be supplemented too much and extended too far. The auxiliary method is extracurricular cooperation. The specific methods are: organizing students' extracurricular interest groups, holding activities regularly, and introducing some relevant chapters in some small history books and reference books to students in a planned and selective way; Or organize a historical story meeting for students to tell historical stories after reading the book; Or open a "window of history" on the blackboard newspaper and regularly publish the contents about ancient spiritual civilization. These activities play an important role in broadening students' dirty emotions. However, both in and out of class should be based on class, supplemented by extracurricular activities, instead of putting the cart before the horse and transposing the main and auxiliary activities.
3. Contact expansion method. First, because of things and places, for example, when talking about the relationship between Han and the western regions, contact Ban Chao to write a story about abandoning literature and joining the army; Speaking of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, it shows that Zhejiang belonged to Yue State at that time, so don't practice the story of worrying about the country and the people and going forward bravely when contacting Yue King.
. Second, vertical and horizontal links. For example, in the early morning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Penghu Inspection Department was set up in Taiwan Province Province to show that Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable part of China's territory, and the vertical connection can be traced back to the time when Sun Wu sent Wei Wen to Taiwan Province Province and Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province. When talking about China's ancient scientific and technological achievements and the scale of Zheng He's voyages to the West, the horizontal connection can be related to the scientific and technological achievements and maritime history of the world at that time. This unfairness helps students to integrate historical knowledge, and also cultivates their thinking ability and imagination. At the same time, it also plays the role of ideological and political education for students in ancient history teaching, so that the three tasks of history teaching can be organically and harmoniously unified in classroom practice.
How to cultivate students' collectivism spirit in physical education teaching At present, there is a phenomenon that teenagers and even adults go their own way and lack team spirit. Consciously cultivating children's spirit of unity and cooperation in physical education teaching can not only improve students' interest in learning, but also make them work hard for collective honor. For example, divide students into several groups, choose a game or game that requires students' mutual assistance and cooperation, analyze the reasons for winning or losing after the game, and let students know that it is glorious to obey the collective interests even if they suffer losses. In order to enable students to better establish the spirit of unity and cooperation, students should first understand the connotation of the spirit of unity and cooperation. The spirit of unity and cooperation is dedication. For example, in sports training and competitions, people admire "sparring" and "playing together". When people praise the passer on the court, they praise his dedication. The spirit of unity and cooperation is also the spirit of hard work. In a group or a sports team, if someone is used to talking empty words, rhetoric, putting on airs, putting on airs, or being overjoyed and doing ten things, then he will hurt the hearts of insiders first. Then the first requirement is team 1 and target teaching method. Teachers should set different goals in stages according to students' actual situation and acceptance ability, considering their age, psychological and physiological characteristics and cognitive level, and consciously cultivate students' spirit of unity and cooperation. This method can promote the fighting spirit of the whole group of students in practice, cheer up the spirit, achieve a good psychological state and invest in learning. Even if the students barely finish the action, the whole group should fully affirm it. At the same time, please encourage your peers to work hard and stick to it with applause or words. I think we can also praise the courage of some students and the cooperation of a group of Qi Xin, so as to help students correctly understand their position in various activities and form a positive mentality of not wanting to fall behind and strive for the upper reaches. 3. Group combination method. In practice, teachers ask students to train in different groups according to their hobbies and friends. Of course, students with poor physical and psychological qualities should not be combined into groups, but should be dispersed into groups for students with good foundation to help. This will enable students to experience the happiness of mutual cooperation, friendship and trust while meeting their personal needs and personal development, and feel warm and thirsty interpersonal relationships, which is conducive to cultivating their psychological quality. 4. Game competition method. This kind of activity is rich in content and diverse in ways. The use of game competitions is both interesting and antagonistic, and it is easy to adjust students' psychology to a state of high excitement. The exertion of some students' desire for self-expression not only develops their spirit of unity and cooperation, but also cultivates their will to overcome difficulties. If I ask students to lower their center of gravity in basketball dribbling teaching, then simple practice will make students feel bored and bored, so I will practice this exercise through competitive games, which will produce good results. 5. Combine theory with practice. Teachers use indoor classroom teaching to play some short films of group sports competitions, so that students can establish a sense of unity and cooperation visually, so as to better implement them in extracurricular sports activities in the future. Cultivating students' spirit of unity and cooperation and collectivism in sports activities can help them experience the fun brought by sports, express themselves boldly and enhance their self-confidence.
How to understand socialist spiritual civilization lies in its construction.
1, spiritual civilization focuses on construction, which embodies the objective requirements of socialist modernization. It is necessary to strengthen the education of "three virtues" (patriotism, collectivism and socialism), strengthen the construction of "three virtues" (social morality, professional morality and family virtue), and establish the correct three views (world outlook, outlook on life and values).
2. Spiritual civilization focuses on construction, which embodies the inherent law of the development of socialist spiritual civilization itself.
3. Spiritual civilization depends on construction, education and legal system.
4. Spiritual civilization focuses on construction, persistence and effectiveness.
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Basic content and cultural construction of socialist spiritual civilization.
Building socialist spiritual civilization means developing advanced culture, which is consistent with the goal of cultural construction in China's four major constructions.
On how to cultivate students' personality development Wen Lijuan, central school of Houan Town, Wanning City.
Today's society is a diversified society. Everyone is a living body, has his own personality, and constitutes a colorful world. Therefore, it is particularly important for everyone to cultivate their own personality. In teaching, I pay attention to cultivating students' personality. Let's talk about it briefly.
First, cultivate personality in reading.
Reading has its own characteristics and strong subjective color. It is because of the differences between people that our world is rich and colorful. Students have different understandings of the text, so they express different feelings when reading the text. In class, I attach importance to teaching students to read and encourage them to enjoy reading. For example, how to read this word, I will let the students read it first, and the students only need to read it fluently the first time; Then I asked: Students, what kind of tone do you think reading should use? Some students read books and walk? Express doubt; Some students read books and walk! Show firmness and decisiveness, or speak when you are angry; Some students began to walk. Show a narrative, a result. Because students have different understanding and experience of life, the tone of reading is also different. In this way, when teaching students to read, they are not only taught to read the same word in different sentences with different intonations, but also allowed to show their unique self and cultivate their individuality.
Second, develop personality in writing.
Students use writing after reading, combining reading and writing, and expanding classroom learning. I think this is a good method. After each class, I will let the students write. Write down your feelings and thoughts. In the process of writing, students express their opinions, with colorful answers, active thinking, wonderful generation and well-developed personality.
Third, exercise personality in speaking.
Everyone's personality also has its own characteristics. Psychology believes that, generally speaking, personality has certain innate characteristics. But the formation of personality is mainly acquired, and it is gradually formed and developed under the influence of certain family and social environment and specific living conditions. Classroom is the main position for students to learn. In this position, I pay attention to let students give full play. Fully speaking, it not only shows that students are the masters of learning, but also allows students to develop their personality in this specific environment and make students develop healthily.
Four: Experience success and stay interested.
Who doesn't want to succeed and who doesn't want to be appreciated, affirmed and praised? Success is the ladder of children's progress, and success can also create a good educational environment and psychological atmosphere for students' personality development, so that students can turn their interests into fun.
Teachers should be good at finding the bright spot in each student and setting an expected and achievable goal for each student. In the teaching process, to help them finish their works smoothly, they should be good at using praise methods and not stingy with praise language, so that they can experience success and feel the fun of learning from the successful experience, so as to devote themselves to learning more confidently.
To sum up, the classroom is a platform for students' growth and full of vitality. On this platform, a group of individuals talk, communicate, collide and make progress together. It can be said that as long as every educator can really pay attention to cultivating students' personality in class, students full of personality will surely shine. Finally, I want to express my teaching feelings in one sentence: give a student a piece of clay and he can pinch out his whole world.
How to cultivate students' innovative spirit in natural experiment teaching in primary schools At present, China is carrying out a massive educational reform with quality education as the core, and cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability is the focus of quality education. As far as subject characteristics are concerned, nature teaching in primary schools provides a broad space and diverse training opportunities for cultivating innovative spirit and practical ability. This paper discusses how to cultivate students' innovative spirit in natural experiment teaching in primary schools.
To build socialist spiritual civilization, we must develop. To build socialist spiritual civilization, we must
(1) Adhere to the guidance of Marxism.
② Vigorously develop education, science and culture.
③ We must base ourselves on the great practice of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
④ Pay attention to the coordinated development of spiritual civilization, material civilization and political civilization.
To build socialist spiritual civilization, we must vigorously develop socialist culture.
What are the requirements of socialist spiritual civilization? Basic contents of socialist spiritual civilization construction
The basic contents of socialist spiritual civilization construction include ideological and moral construction and scientific and cultural construction. Ideological and moral construction should solve the spiritual pillar and motivation of the whole nation; The construction of educational science and culture should solve the scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation and the intellectual support of modernization. These two aspects are inseparable and indispensable. (1) Socialist ideological and moral construction. Ideological and moral construction is the soul of spiritual civilization construction, which determines the nature and direction of spiritual civilization construction and has a great dynamic role in the political and economic development of society. Ideological and moral construction solves the fundamental problem of spiritual civilization construction. The basic task of socialist ideological and moral construction is to persist in patriotism, collectivism and socialist education, strengthen the construction of social morality, professional ethics and family virtues, and guide people to establish the ideal of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics and correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. The basic content of ideological and moral construction can be summarized into three aspects: ideal construction, moral construction and discipline construction. Among them, ideal construction is the core of ideological and moral construction; Moral construction is the main content of ideological and moral construction; Discipline construction is the guarantee of ideological and moral construction. (2) Education, science and culture. The construction of educational science and culture is an indispensable basic aspect of spiritual civilization construction, which is not only an important condition for the construction of material civilization, but also an important condition for improving people's ideological and moral level.
guidelines
The construction of socialist spiritual civilization must revolve around and promote socialist modernization, promote comprehensive reform and opening up, and adhere to the four cardinal principles. This policy conforms to the requirements of the party's basic line and is a policy to coordinate the construction of spiritual civilization with the development of the whole society.
How to cultivate students' practical ability in biology teaching, because biology is not only a subject, but also a science. The knowledge in books is the summary of thousands of years' experimental practice achievements of predecessors. It is true that students in middle school mainly focus on learning knowledge, but it is more important for future biologists to cultivate their practical ability. Only in this way can they create more new knowledge on the basis of mastering the experience of their predecessors.
What is the essence of socialist spiritual civilization? Prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, rule of law, patriotism, dedication, honesty and kindness.