According to the traditional class management theory, the head teacher is the subject of management, and the students are the object of management. The relationship between the head teacher and the students is the relationship between transformation and being transformed, education and being educated, and supervision and being supervised. The head teacher uses the class management power to supervise and standardize the students' behavior to ensure that the students' development conforms to the established direction. However, this model either makes students lack independence and autonomy, or suppresses students' self-esteem and sense of autonomy, or deprives students of their right to participate in democracy, which easily causes students' hostility and resistance and seriously stifles students' initiative and creative spirit.
The "people-oriented" theory in modern management holds that people are the main body of management activities, and all management work should be based on mobilizing people's enthusiasm and doing their work well. The highest state of human management is to start the internal working motivation of subordinates and give full play to their enthusiasm and creativity. The main body of the class is students, who are individuals with obvious differences in personality and characteristics. Therefore, it is the trend of modern class management activities and the inevitable requirement of education and teaching activities to integrate people-oriented management ideas into class management.
First, change the management concept of the head teacher and improve the management level of the head teacher.
As the organizer and leader of class work, the head teacher is the soul of class management. To realize the people-oriented management mode, the class teacher should first change his concept and strive to improve his ideological quality, management level and psychological quality.
1, change the concept of class management. Students are not only the objects to be managed, but also the masters of management activities. It is not only the object of transformation, but also the reformer; The development process of students is a process of self-cultivation and self-shaping, which means that the external compulsion of students is weakened and the free space of students' activities is increased, which is conducive to the full play of subjective initiative. Therefore, although the object of class management is students, we should not regard students as passive managers without thoughts and emotions, but as individuals with thoughts, will and emotions. The premise of successful management is to respect students' wishes and personality, and treat students as real "people" rather than the tamers of class teachers.
2, strive to improve their ideological quality. In particular, we should cultivate the outlook on life of "giving more and taking less" and the professional ethics of "serving students at all times and grasping more burdens and shirking less responsibilities".
3, strive to improve their management level. First of all, we should fully understand, study and master the physical and mental development characteristics of junior middle school students, learn more theoretical knowledge of pedagogy, psychology and management, explore new management methods, and improve our management theory level. Secondly, we must have strong management practice ability. Due to the influence of many factors, there are many management methods in class management practice, such as "nanny", "police" and "militarization", which lead to students' strong dependence, poor pioneering and cautious, and lack of independent problem-solving ability and organizational management ability. Therefore, the head teacher must innovate boldly and adopt scientific and democratic management methods and means.
4, strive to improve their psychological quality. Teachers should change their psychological cognition in management practice, actively adapt to the working environment and actively adjust their work roles; Be good at controlling your emotions and be "emotional and rational"; We should improve our personality, remain positive, optimistic, cheerful and fair, and let the whole class understand and respect each other; It is necessary to establish a harmonious, friendly and respectful teacher-student relationship and a teacher-student relationship that helps each other; We should take the initiative to care about students and be their "fellow travelers" and "bosom friends".
Second, establish a scientific and rational planning and system
In view of the requirements of school education and teaching and the periodic and phased characteristics of class management, the humanistic management model must combine the personality characteristics and learning objectives and characteristics of junior high school students, formulate a reasonable, stable, flexible and feasible education plan, establish clear and relaxed class rules, motivate students with goals, and restrain students with systems.
1, make overall planning. On the premise of determining the overall goal of education and teaching, the overall goal is divided into several steps according to the age characteristics, learning stage, individual cognitive law and individual quality of students, so as to achieve a hierarchical gradient, from low to high, from easy to difficult, and gradually deepen, so as to meet the actual level of students as much as possible.
2. Make a stage plan. The stage plan is mainly designed for the recent management work, including management slogan, management organization, management procedure and management means. The stage plan must proceed from the students' reality and management rules, pay attention to the gradual management, have both the highest requirements and the lowest standards, fully consider the reality of advanced students and backward students, step by step, and ensure that it can be revised and supplemented in time according to the specific conditions of students in actual implementation.
3. Formulate scientific and reasonable class rules and disciplines, and govern classes by "law". The disadvantage of traditional class management lies in the lack of rules and regulations, so class management is either random or endless, and students are often at a loss. Class discipline and class rules are important institutional guarantees for effective class management. The system includes two aspects: first, according to spatial order, it is divided into monitor's duties, league branch's duties and class committee's duties; Second, according to the time category, it is divided into one-day routine, one-week routine, monthly routine, semester routine and school year routine.
After the establishment of class rules and discipline, it is necessary to establish an inspection and supervision system, and form a five-level monitoring system of self-inspection, mutual inspection, class cadre inspection, class collective inspection and class teacher sampling inspection; It is necessary to establish an information feedback system to give information feedback on the implementation process, and ensure that all class activities can be completed on time, in quantity and with high quality by strengthening the management of the management process; More importantly, it is necessary to cultivate all students' awareness of collective law enforcement, collective supervision and * * * compliance, so as to achieve a good situation of "everyone observes discipline, everyone enforces law and everyone supervises" and truly realize "autonomy".
Third, give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of students.
Spencer once pointed out in Pedagogy: "Remember that you should discipline a person who can be independent, not a person who needs to be managed by others." This shows that students are not all passive in class management. Changing the traditional head teacher management mode, establishing a new mechanism for students' self-management, giving full play to students' enthusiasm, initiative and initiative, and allowing students to manage themselves, so as to realize an orderly management state in which everyone is the manager and everyone is the managed, management keeps pace with the times, and power is mutually restricted, which is conducive to cultivating students' self-management ability, maintaining close ties among students, improving the efficiency of management and teaching, and is the destination of scientific management, and also the idea of "people-oriented".
1 to improve students' understanding of management activities. A student once asked a special teacher, "Who will take care of us while you are away?" The class teacher replied: "The deputy class teacher is responsible!" The student asked, "Where is the deputy head teacher?" The teacher said, "In every student's heart!" In this passage, the teacher not only skillfully conveyed the trust to the students, but also conveyed a message to the students that management is necessary for the whole teaching activity, but management is not the teacher's constraint on the students, but the students' self-restraint in learning activities. By guiding students' understanding of management, students can consciously realize the necessity of self-management. In the objective effect, students' resistance and even antagonism to management are reduced, the internal friction caused by disharmony in interpersonal relationship is greatly reduced, and the effectiveness of education management is greatly improved.
2. Innovate and create various forms of self-education, and vigorously advocate students' self-discipline and self-management. The process of class self-management is the change from heteronomy to self-discipline. There are various forms of self-discipline, such as self-decision, self-supervision and self-restraint. That is, in the process of class management, the head teacher guides students to make collective decisions, finds solutions for major events, forms a set of self-monitoring and self-restraint automatic operation system in operation, guides and encourages students to participate in class management, and enhances the consciousness of collective management. For example, monitor on duty (voluntary registration, rotation for one week) and The monitor on duty (rotation according to student number) can be set up to mobilize students to contract some specific supplies and various special affairs of the class, so that these students can perform their duties together with the standing monitor, the league branch secretary and the members of the class committee, but * * * is responsible for various class affairs and everyone has the opportunity to perform class management duties, so as to enhance their sense of responsibility and participation, thus forming the head teacher and the head teacher.
3. Strengthen democratic participation in planning and decision-making. Let students elect democratically, produce a class management system, and express their independent thoughts of "managing themselves through trusted people"; By guiding students to make class rules, we can not only satisfy students' will and desire through reasonable channels, but also close the relationship between teachers and students. At the same time, because students tend to be responsible for their own goals, it is easy for students to discipline their own behavior, which can be described as "killing several birds with one stone."
Fourth, pay full attention to individual differences.
The class consists of several students, whose personalities are always different, energetic, quiet, stubborn and intelligent. In class management, we should pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, guide them according to the situation, find the bright spots of students and stimulate the potential vitality of individual development; Individuals are energetic, self-motivated and self-motivated, which will influence and promote each other among students, so that the class presents a good atmosphere of harmony and unity, everyone pursues progress and everyone strives for the upper reaches.
In short, the class management is complicated, the working methods vary widely, and the situation and tasks are ever-changing. However, in our work, we should always believe that the head teacher can't just be the guardian of student activities and the strict law enforcer. As a teacher, we should first understand, respect and trust students, resolutely implement the people-oriented and student-oriented ideas, take various measures to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students, give play to their initiative, and then enhance the centripetal force and cohesion of the class, which will inevitably promote the in-depth development of education and teaching.
(Author: 644 100 No.2 Middle School in Nanxi County, Sichuan Province) Literature on Teaching and Research at Home and Abroad 1, No.2, 2007.