What are the methods of enterprise management?
There are many definitions of the word management, which are put forward from different angles and only reflect one aspect of the essence of management. In order to conduct a comprehensive study of management, not limited to one aspect, we adopt the following definition: management is a process of coordinating manpower, material resources and financial resources through planning, organization, control, encouragement and leadership, so as to better achieve organizational goals, and of course, we should also observe the market from a certain perspective. Key points of enterprise management: to establish an overall system of enterprise management.
The actual benefit of enterprise management depends on the degree of management landing, which is the core index of enterprise vitality.
The key of enterprise management lies in execution. In the same digestive system, dogs can only eat meat, while wolves can digest hair. Therefore, the vitality of wolves is far stronger than that of dogs. The same system is just a pile of documents in general enterprises, but it has really landed in wolf enterprises. The vitality of enterprises emphasizes not management? Everything? This is an execution. The core content of the consultation on "Execution Landing" (20 1 1, China Economic Publishing House) and the core principle of execution landing are expounded. Execute the triangle. This paper discusses the practical strategies of system landing, system landing, communication landing and corporate culture landing in management in turn.
? Drawer type? Management, what is modern management called? Job analysis? . Now large and medium-sized enterprises in some developed countries attach great importance to it? Drawer type? Management and job classification, where are they all? Drawer type? On the basis of management, the post classification system has been established to varying degrees. ? Drawer type? According to the management, there are clear work specifications in the drawers of every manager's desk. In management, there must be a combination of duties, responsibilities, rights and interests. Enterprise? Drawer type? Five steps of management: the first step is to establish a work analysis team composed of various departments of the enterprise; The second step is to correctly handle the relationship between centralization and decentralization within enterprises; The third step, around the overall goal of the enterprise, layer by layer decomposition, step by step to implement the scope of responsibilities and authority; Step four, write? Job description? 、? Work norms? Formulate requirements for each position; The fifth step must take into account the combination of assessment system and reward and punishment system.
? Crisis? operate
With the increasingly fierce global economic competition, a considerable number of world-famous large enterprises have entered the stage of maintenance and decline. In order to change the status quo, American enterprises pay more attention to implementation? Crisis? Production management, set off a wave? Doomsday management? Wave. American business circles believe that if an operator can't communicate well with employees and show them that the crisis does exist, then he will soon lose his credibility, thus losing efficiency and effectiveness. William, president of American science and technology? Weiss saw that the whole world has become a competitive battlefield, and the global telecommunications industry is playing an important role in the transformation. Therefore, he appointed two senior managers who boldly reformed as vice-chairmen, and dismissed five senior managers who tended to gradually reform, and widely publicized among employees the crisis that some enterprises lost users because of ignoring product quality and rising costs. He wants to let all employees know that if technology does not always put product quality, production cost and users in a prominent position, the end will come.
? One minute? operate
At present, many western enterprises have adopted it? One minute? Management rules, and achieved remarkable results. The specific content is: one minute goal, one minute praise and one minute punishment. The so-called one-minute goal is that everyone in the enterprise clearly records their main goals and responsibilities on a piece of paper. Each goal and its inspection standard should be clearly expressed in 250 words, which can be read in one minute. In this way, it is convenient for everyone to clearly understand why and how to do it, and check their own regularly accordingly. One minute of praise is human resource encouragement. Specifically, managers of enterprises often spend a short time picking out the correct parts of what employees do to praise them. Only in this way can every employee know what he has done, work harder and develop in a perfect direction. One-minute punishment means that when something should be done well, it is not done well. Criticize the client in time, point out his mistakes and then remind him? How do you evaluate him? What bothers you is that he is here and now? . Only those who have done something wrong can be willing to accept criticism and pay attention to avoid making the same mistake again in the future.
? Broken format? operate
In many management of enterprises, the purpose of innovation is ultimately achieved through the management of personnel. Therefore, all developed enterprises in the world actively implement the reform of personnel management system according to the changes of internal competition situation in order to stimulate the creativity of employees. In Japanese and Korean enterprises, the number of years has always been used as the promotion level and salary standard? Annual performance system? . This system meets the requirements of the rapid development of enterprises and provides opportunities for the employment and development of the labor force. Since 1980s, these developed enterprises have entered a stage of low growth and relative stability. Annual performance system? The promotion desire of employees can no longer be satisfied, which leads to the decline of the vitality of enterprise organizations and personnel. In the early 1990s, developed enterprises in Japan and South Korea began to reform the personnel system, and vigorously promoted the promotion and demotion of employees according to their abilities and performance? Broken format? The new personnel system has achieved remarkable results. The reform of personnel system in the world's big enterprises embodies fully tapping human potential, invigorating personnel system and organizational structure of enterprises, and paying attention to the cultivation and formation of internal enterprises? Strong man? Mechanism, forming a new atmosphere of competition, hard work, enterprising and pioneering.
? Harmony style? operate
? Get together? It means that management must emphasize the cooperation between the individual and the whole and create a high degree of harmony between the whole and the individual. In management, European and American enterprises mainly emphasize individual struggle, so that different management can learn from each other harmoniously. Its specific characteristics are:
1, both overall and individual. Every member of an enterprise has a sense of mission. Am I? what's up Harmony style? A resounding slogan in management.
2. Self-organization. Let subordinates make their own decisions and manage themselves.
3. volatility. Modern management must implement flexible management strategy and make progress and innovation in fluctuation.
4. Complement each other. It is necessary to encourage different viewpoints and practices to complement each other and turn the shortcomings in one situation into advantages in another.
5. Individual dispersion and overall coordination. Units, groups and individuals in an organization are all individuals in the whole, and individuals are decentralized and primitive.
Into a complete image.
6. rhythm. A harmonious and energetic atmosphere between enterprises and individuals can stimulate people's internal drive and pride.
? Walking? operate
This is an innovative management method popular in the world, which mainly refers to the fact that senior executives observe public opinion, know the truth, get along with subordinates and make achievements. This management method has shown its advantages, such as:
(1) Supervisors and subordinates follow suit. Adopted by Shi Guangfu, honorary president of the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations? Take the lead? This practitioner has become a prestigious entrepreneur in Japan. Before he took over Toshiba Electric in Japan, Toshiba no longer enjoyed it? Cradle of electrical appliance industry? Good name, production is going from bad to worse. After Mr. Shi Guangfu took office, he toured the factory every day, visited Toshiba's factories and enterprises in Japan, had dinner with employees and talked a lot. In the morning, he always arrives half an hour earlier than others, stands at the gate of the factory, greets the workers and takes the lead in demonstrating. Employees are infected by this atmosphere, which promotes mutual communication and boosts morale. Soon, Toshiba's production returned to normal and made great progress.
(2) The investment is small and the income is large. Walking management does not need much capital and technology, which may improve the productivity of enterprises.
(3) Visual management. In other words, the top supervisor can go to the production line, meet and talk with the workers, and hope that the employees can give him advice, get to know him and even argue with him.
(4) On-site management. Why does Japan have world-class productivity? Some people think it is based on site management. The supervisor goes to the scene non-stop every day, and the subordinates have to lay down their lives to accompany the gentleman.
(5)? Whoever wins the hearts of the people will prosper. . Excellent business leaders should often go to employees who are several floors below him to observe public opinion, know the truth and listen more. No? Instead of just listening? Okay？ Yes We should not only care about employees, but also care about their food, clothing, housing and transportation. In this way, employees feel that the supervisor attaches importance to themselves and naturally work hard. With the support and efforts of employees, an enterprise will naturally flourish. Ray, founder of McDonald's fast food restaurant in the United States? Crocker is one of the most influential entrepreneurs in America. He doesn't like sitting in the office all day, but spends most of his time? Walking? In management, it means walking around all departments, having a look, listening and asking questions.
Matters needing attention
Once faced with the crisis of serious losses, Crocker found that one of the important reasons was that the managers of various functional departments were prominent in bureaucracy, accustomed to lying in comfortable chairs and bossing around, spending a lot of precious time smoking and chatting. So Crocker came up with one? Weird trick? Managers are asked to cut off the chairs of all managers, and they must obey? At first, many people said Crocker was crazy, but soon everyone understood his story? Pain? Did you go out of the office to carry out it? Walking? Management, timely understanding of the situation, solving problems on the spot, and finally turning losses into profits have effectively promoted China's survival and development.
What is corporate strategy?
Enterprise strategy is the general name of all kinds of enterprise strategies, including competition strategy, marketing strategy, development strategy, brand strategy, financing strategy, technology development strategy, talent development strategy, resource development strategy and so on. Enterprise strategy is endless, for example, informatization is a brand-new strategy. Although there are many kinds of enterprise strategies, their basic attributes are the same. They are all strategies aimed at enterprises, and they are all strategies aimed at the integrity, long-term and basic problems of enterprises. For example, enterprise competition strategy is a strategy aimed at enterprise competition, which is aimed at the integrity, long-term and basic problems of enterprise competition; Enterprise marketing strategy is a strategy aimed at enterprise marketing, which is aimed at the integrity, long-term and basic problems of enterprise marketing; Enterprise technology development strategy is the strategy of enterprise technology development, which is aimed at the integrity, long-term and basic problems of enterprise technology development; Enterprise talent strategy is the strategy of enterprise talent development, which is aimed at the integrity, long-term and basic problems of enterprise talent development. Wait, it's all the same. There are similarities and differences in various enterprise strategies, the same is the basic attribute, and the difference is the level and angle of planning problems. In short, no matter what kind of strategy, as long as it involves the integrity, long-term and basic problems of the enterprise, it belongs to the category of enterprise strategy.
Case analysis of enterprise strategy
Case: Wal-Mart
1955, when was the famous American financial magazine Fortune founded? Fortune 500? At the time of ranking, it was still in its infancy. After decades of efforts, it was listed in Fortune magazine in 2002, 2003 and 2004. Fortune 500? The first one. Is it casting? Global business myth? Wal-Mart Retail Chain Group.
It is hard to believe that Wal-Mart's brilliant achievements have grown from scratch to the top in just a few decades. 1940, founder of Wal-Mart, Sam? Sam walton received a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Missouri; Walton served in the army intelligence force during World War II. 1950 Sam? Wharton opened a store name in Bentonville, Arkansas, USA? 5- 10 cents? Our fair-price store is just a little-known local small enterprise. 1962 Wal-Mart opened its first chain store, and 1970 established its first distribution center. Since then, it has embarked on the road of rapid development. 1983, the first Sam club was established. 1988, the first Wal-Mart shopping plaza opened. 199 1 year, Wal-Mart's annual sales exceeded $40 billion, making it one of the largest retail enterprises in the world. According to the classified ranking of American service industry 1994 published by Happiness magazine in May, the sales of Wal-Mart 1993 reached US$ 67.34 billion, an increase of more than11800 million over the previous year, surpassing Sears, which ranked first in 1992, and ranked first in American retail industry. From 65438 to 0995, Wal-Mart's sales continued to grow, setting a world record in retail industry, achieving annual sales of 93.6 billion US dollars, ranking fourth in Fortune magazine's list of 95 largest enterprises in the United States. In fact, Wal-Mart's annual sales are equivalent to the sum of all department stores in the United States, and it still maintains a strong development momentum.
By April of 200 1, 15, the company had 4,249 chain stores at home and abroad, which were divided into discount stores, shopping malls, Sam member stores and home stores, all of which were controlled by the company and operated directly. All over the United States, Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, China, Indonesia and other places. It has developed so rapidly in just a few decades that it has to be said that it is a miracle of the retail industry. Let's see how Wal-Mart created this miracle.
First of all, customer-oriented.
Wal-Mart believes this? Customer first? Is the key to its success. 1985 was listed as the richest man by Forbes magazine. 1992 winner of the presidential medal of freedom, Sam, the founder of Wal-Mart's huge business? Walton put it this way: there is only one boss, and that is our customer. It is he who pays us every month, and only he has the right to fire everyone below the chairman. The reason is simple, as long as he changes his shopping habits and goes to another store to buy things. ? Wal-Mart's business premises are always marked with its business creed: Article 1: The customer is always right; Article 2: If in doubt, please refer to Article 1. ?
Wal-Mart's concept of serving customers not only stays on signs and slogans, but also goes deep into the operation of services. The corridors and lighting of Wal-Mart stores are designed to make customers more comfortable. The greeter in front of the store is more enthusiastic than other peers; Cashiers always work standing to show respect for customers; When any customer is 3 meters away from the salesperson, the salesperson must face the customer, smile, take the initiative to say hello and ask? Is there anything I can do for you? Wal-Mart strives to make customers feel at every chain store? This is their shop? Will you get it? Attentive and sincere reception? To make sure of that. Do not discount to meet customer needs? . It is this customer-centered bit by bit that has won the goodwill and trust of Wal-Mart customers.
Second, low prices every day.
Wal-Mart has always paid special attention to price competition and has long pursued the business policy of small profits but quick turnover. Walton's famous saying is:? A commodity costs 80 cents. If the price tag is 1 yuan, but the sales volume is three times that of 1.2 yuan, I don't earn much on a commodity, but if I sell more, I will make a profit? . So Wal-Mart put forward a resounding slogan:? The goods sold are always at the lowest price? . Among similar products, the price of Wal-Mart is 5% lower than that of Kmart, one of its biggest competitors. However, maintaining long-term low prices is not an easy task. Wal-Mart's long-term price advantage also benefits from its effective cost control.
1, strive for a low purchase price. Wal-Mart avoids all intermediate links and buys goods directly from the factory. Its strong economic strength makes it have strong bargaining power. More importantly, Wal-Mart does not increase profits by wantonly damaging suppliers because of its large scale and strong strength, but attaches importance to establishing friendly and harmonious cooperative relations with suppliers and protecting their interests. Wal-Mart offers preferential treatment to suppliers far more than its peers. Kmart, the third largest retailer in the United States, pays for its goods in an average of 45 days, while Wal-Mart pays in an average of 29 days, which greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of suppliers to establish business with Wal-Mart, thus ensuring the optimal purchase price of Wal-Mart products.
2. Perfect logistics management system. Wal-Mart is known as the leader of the retail distribution revolution. Its unique distribution system greatly reduces the cost, accelerates the inventory turnover, and becomes? Low price every day? The strongest support. What is Wal-Mart's inventory replenishment method? Cross loading and unloading method? . This set? The supply system of direct transportation * * * includes three parts:
Efficient distribution center. Wal-Mart suppliers send goods to Wal-Mart's distribution center according to the orders of each branch, and the distribution center is responsible for the screening, packaging and sorting of goods. Wal-Mart's distribution center has highly modern mechanical facilities, and 85% of the goods sent here are processed by machinery, which greatly reduces the cost of manual processing of goods. At the same time, due to the huge number of purchased goods, automatic machinery and equipment can be fully utilized and the scale advantage can be fully demonstrated.
Rapid transportation system. Wal-Mart's motorized transport fleet is another incomparable advantage of its supply system. By 1996, Wal-Mart has 30 distribution centers and more than 2,000 delivery vehicles, which ensures that the time from the warehouse to any store does not exceed 48 hours. Compared with other stores in the same industry, Wal-Mart can ensure that the shelves in its branches are replenished twice a week on average. Fast delivery enables Wal-Mart stores to maintain normal sales even if they only maintain a small inventory, thus greatly saving storage space and expenses. Due to the effective operation of this rapid transportation system, 85% of Wal-Mart's goods are transported through its own distribution center, while Kmart only has 5%. As a result, Wal-Mart's sales cost is 2-3% lower than the average sales cost of the same industry, which has also become a solid cornerstone of Wal-Mart's annual low-price strategy.
Advanced satellite communication network. The satellite communication network system invested heavily makes Wal-Mart's supply system more perfect. The application of this system enables the distribution center, suppliers and each sales point of each branch to form an online operation, which can be completed in just a few hours. Fill in the order? Order summary of each branch? Send an order? The whole process greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the business.
3. Effective control of marketing cost. Wal-Mart has strict control over marketing expenses. Wal-Mart's advertising expenditure is only one-third that of Sears, the second largest chain store in the United States, and its sales per square foot is twice that of Kmart, the third largest chain store in the United States. Wal-Mart's marketing cost only accounts for 1.5% of its sales, and the loss rate of goods is only 1. 1%, while the average of these two indicators in general American retail stores is as high as 5% and 2% respectively. All these have further strengthened Wal-Mart's ability to implement the low-price strategy.
Third,? One stop? New shopping concept
In Wal-Mart, consumers can experience? One stop? Shopping (one? Stop shopping) new concept. In terms of commodity structure, we strive to be rich in varieties and distinctive in characteristics to meet customers' various preferences. Its business projects are diverse, including food, toys, new clothes, cosmetics, household appliances, daily necessities, meat, fruits and vegetables.
In addition, for the convenience of customers, Wal-Mart has set up some special service types:
Free parking. For example, the Sam store in Shenzhen has nearly 400 free parking spaces with a business area of over 12000 square meters, while another Wal-Mart shopping plaza with a business area of over 17800 square meters also has about 150 parking spaces.
Wal-Mart moved the pastry shop into the shopping center. Does it also have one? Sam Leisure Corridor? All delicious food and fresh cakes give customers leisure enjoyment after shopping.
Hiring professionals in the store to consult customers about computers, cameras, video recorders and related products for free will help reduce the risks brought by blind purchase.
There is a Michelle Xerox document processing business center in the store, which can provide customers with many services, including making and copying color documents, enlarging and reducing engineering drawings, high-speed printing and so on.
Wal-Mart can provide one-time delivery service for purchases over 2,000 yuan, and every time you go to 49 yuan within the prescribed scope (because the commodity price does not include delivery fees).
In addition, Shenzhen Sam Store handles all mobile computer sales and all models sold by the Mobile Bureau. The price is cheaper than other agency outlets 100 yuan; We also sell Runxun's communication products as an agent, and charge various types of Taiwan fees. All kinds of Chinese computers and digital computers are cheaper than other Runxun outlets in 50 yuan.
In the location of stores, Wal-Mart also takes convenience for customers to shop as the primary consideration. In the United States, its tentacles extend to remote small towns that Sears and Kmart disdain. From Minnesota to Mississippi, from Southern California to Oklahoma, Wal-Mart is everywhere. Wal-Mart will open in any township as long as it lacks cheap stores.
Fourth, motivate employees.
The interests of employees are closely related to Wal-Mart. In addition to linking wages and bonuses to employees' own work performance, Wal-Mart also implements a system of employee stock ownership and profit sharing. Wal-Mart employees are partners and insist that employees benefit from the growth of the company. Wal-Mart's largest shareholder is the employee dividend trust fund. In 1977, the fund was only $4.4 million. By 1983, it had reached $98.5 million. With the growth of Wal-Mart, the fund is also increasing. 1982, Wal-Mart pays each employee a bonus equivalent to 5.6% of the annual salary. In addition, Wal-Mart employees can buy shares in the company by deducting wages, and the company subsidizes the price of 15%. Since 1980s, Wal-Mart's stock has become the star of new york Stock Exchange. From 1977 to 1987, the stock price rose 20 times. 1992, Wal-Mart's board of directors announced the 10 share split 20 years later. Employees who participated in the stock purchase plan received rich rewards. It is precisely because Wal-Mart is closely related to the interests of employees that every grassroots store in Wal-Mart has such a sign: the stock price of our company today depends on our work. ?
Strong sense of belonging and pride of employees. Aren't all Wal-Mart employees called? Employees? Instead, it is called. Partner? Or? Colleagues (associations). ? From the president to the clerk, every employee wears a work card on his left chest, which is more eye-catching except his name? Our employees are different. ? In order to improve staff morale, Wal-Mart also has a series of incentive measures, such as regional star award, special regional star honor list, sales competition award, department store sales honor, loss control award and so on. The winners' names and photos were published in the company's publication Wal-Mart World.
Adequate staff training. Wal-Mart hires local people, trains them and encourages them to ask questions. The company attaches great importance to the training and education of employees, offering various training courses at headquarters and stores at all levels, and attending classes at night; Besides, there are Walton Retail School, Sam Operation School and other training institutions that specialize in training senior managers. Wal-Mart also attaches great importance to improving the business ability of branch managers and has a unique approach. The top management of Wal-Mart does not directly instruct the person in charge of each branch how to conduct business, but creates an environment for branch managers to learn this lesson from the market and other branches. For example, Wal-Mart's advanced intelligence information system provides branch managers with detailed information about customer behavior. In addition, Wal-Mart also invested in a special plane to send store managers to the company headquarters regularly to attend seminars on market trends and commodity procurement. Later, with the continuous expansion of the company, a satellite communication system was installed. Company headquarters often holds conference calls, and branch managers can exchange market information with other branches without leaving the store. It is through its unique training methods that Wal-Mart can quickly improve the ability and business level of its employees for a long time.
The above is what I provided for you in enterprise strategic management. I hope you will like it!
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