In order to prevent the revival of Japanese militarism, under the pressure of the United States, section 9 of the Constitution of 1947 stipulates that "Japan will give up the right to war forever". The emperor, who used to be the head of state and the center of power, became a symbol and was deprived of all state power. However, in the past 60 years, many things have changed. The emperor still has a unique position in Japanese social life. Although the Constitution imposes strict restrictions on him, he still plays an equal role with the Queen of England and is the guarantee of national stability.
Japan is working on a new constitution, and one of the main contents of the new draft constitution is to restore the status of the emperor as the head of state, so that it is no longer just a symbol of the country.
Hideki Tojo is called a war machine or a warmonger. In a word, he is the chief culprit of the Japanese war of aggression.
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Tojo was one of the three fascist leaders in World War II, who were as famous as Hitler and Mussolini. He is the number one war criminal of Japanese militarism invading Asia and China. During his tenure as Minister of Japanese Army and Prime Minister of Cabinet, the Japanese army invaded and trampled on many countries and regions in Asia 10, and tens of millions of lives were destroyed.
Influenced by militarism and bushido since childhood, he vowed: "I would like to die on the land of Manchuria."
Hideki Tojo was born in a warlord family in Tokyo. His father, tojo hideki, was a warlord who was gradually promoted from a junior officer to a lieutenant general. 1894- 1895 During the Sino-Japanese War, he served as a staff officer in Japan's base camp and later as an editor of Japanese war history. Since the Russo-Japanese War, he has served as the brigade commander of the eighth brigade of the Japanese army, the first brigade of the guards left behind, and the brigade commander of the Korean capital garrison; In his later years, he was engaged in the compilation of military science books, such as Dust at the Foot of Tactics.
Hideki Tojo was influenced by militarism and Bushido since childhood. From1September, 899 to1May, 904, during his stay in Tokyo Army Local Junior School and Army Central Junior School, he experienced strict militarization study. Tojo was not very good at school, but he worked hard. He never gave up and was called "Fighting Tojo" by others. At the same time, the instructor's "teaching" of "being brave in the war, dying and making contributions to the Japanese campaign" has a great influence on him. 1June, 904, Tojo was promoted to the Army NCO School. /kloc-0 was awarded the rank of second lieutenant in the army infantry when he graduated in April, 905. On the eve of graduation, he led 300 students of 17 to swear to shake Tianfu in front of the palace: "I want to die for the emperor ... I am willing to die in the land of Manchuria." Then came to the northeast of China to catch up with the end of the Russo-Japanese War.
From 19 1 1 to 19 15, tojo hideki studied at Japanese Army University. After graduation, he successively served as adjutant of the army province, military attache of the embassy in Germany, instructor of the army university, member of the military affairs bureau of the army province, and mobilization director of the maintenance bureau, and resolutely supported the right-wing fascists of the Japanese military department in planning and instigating armed aggression.
1June, 937, on the eve of the Lugouqiao Incident, the last stronghold advocated the first attack on the Nanjing regime.
After the September 18th Incident, tojo hideki served as a member of the research department of the Army Communication School. 1933 In March, tojo hideki was appointed as Major General of the Army and worked in the General Staff Department; In the same year 1 1 served as Minister of Military Investigation. 1In September, 935, Tojo was appointed as the military police commander of the Kwantung Army and came to the northeast of China to strengthen the activities of "rectifying social order" against the puppet Manchukuo and suppress the anti-Japanese struggle of the northeast people.
1936 65438+February, tojo hideki was promoted to Lieutenant General. In March of the following year, Tojo was appointed Chief of Staff of Kwantung Army. In June, he fought Tojo in the Japanese army's base camp, arguing that "observing the current situation in China from the point of view of preparing to fight against the Soviet Union, it is the best policy to attack the Nanjing regime first and remove the threat behind me when my military strength permits". After the "July 7th Incident", tojo hideki led the Japanese army to attack Chasui and northern Shanxi, encroached on Zhangjiakou, Datong, Jining, Suiyuan and Baotou, and concocted a pseudo "autonomous government of Chasan". The battle of Chahar commanded by Tojo was called "the blitzkrieg of the Kwantung Army", and the Japanese War Department believed that "the meritorious service of the Kwantung Army was attributed to Tojo's Chief of Staff" and Tojo won the first "Meritorious Award" issued by the Japanese government.
1938 in may, tojo hideki returned to China as the army undersecretary, responsible for the daily work of the army province, and concurrently served as the army aviation minister and aviation director. By February of 1940, Tojo was appointed as a temporary military Senate officer; In July, he served as Minister of the Army and Director of Manchu Affairs Bureau. After he became the Secretary of the Army, he sent Japanese troops into South zhina and participated in putting forward the slogan of "Glorious Circle of Greater East Asia" under the leadership of Japan.
Condemning Britain and the United States for hindering Japan's expansion and clamoring for "100 million people to go to war together"
194 1 year1October, tojo hideki served as Japanese prime minister and minister of the interior, minister of the army and director of the Manchu Affairs Bureau, and was awarded the rank of army general. Earlier, he published the "Battle Training" to promote the fascist spirit, emphasizing that Japanese soldiers "give orders and die happily" and "it is common to think about freedom". In the same year, at the beginning of 1 1, the Japanese government headed by Tojo passed the decision to go to war with the United States, Britain and the Netherlands at the command meeting. 165438+1in mid-October, Tojo delivered a war speech in the provisional parliament, denouncing Britain and the United States for obstructing Japan's aggression and expansion, calling on the people to tighten their belts and clamor for "100 million people to go to the battlefield together." At Tojo's request, the provisional parliament passed a supplementary budget of 3.8 billion yen for temporary military spending.
194 1 65438+On February 7th, the Japanese joint fleet attacked Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War broke out. On the same day, according to tojo hideki's orders, the Japanese army began to attack Thailand, Malaya, the Philippines, Guam, wake island, gilbert islands and Hongkong. On February 8, 65438, the United States and Britain declared war on Japan.
1942 in may, the Japanese government headed by tojo hideki ordered the Japanese joint fleet to occupy midway and aleutian islands; On June 5th, the Japanese army suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Midway Island, including 4 large aircraft carriers, 4 heavy cruisers 1 ship, more than 400 planes and 3,500 men.
1in mid-April, 944, in order to strengthen the ties between the Japanese army in Chinese mainland and the Japanese army in Nanyang, tojo hideki ordered the Japanese army in China to hold a "World War I" warrant to open the Pinghan, Yuehan and Gui Xiang railways across China as soon as possible. This was Tojo's last major offensive in Chinese mainland. On July 18 of the same year, due to Japan's heavy losses in the naval battle with the United States and repeated defeats in the war of aggression against China, Tojo was forced to resign, and tojo hideki resigned as Japanese Prime Minister, Secretary of the Army and Chief of Staff, and withdrew from the military and political arena.
1in August, 945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender; 12 In September, tojo hideki, the number one Japanese war criminal, attempted suicide and was arrested and imprisoned. 1948165438+1October 12. tojo hideki was sentenced to death by the far east international military tribunal for committing crimes such as waging war and invading other countries; 65438+ was hung on February 22nd.